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Most-cited are based on citations from 2023 ~ 2025.

Clinical Practice Guideline

Dysphagia

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Seoyon Yang, Jin-Woo Park, Kyunghoon Min, Yoon Se Lee, Young-Jin Song, Seong Hee Choi, Doo Young Kim, Seung Hak Lee, Hee Seung Yang, Wonjae Cha, Ji Won Kim, Byung-Mo Oh, Han Gil Seo, Min-Wook Kim, Hee-Soon Woo, Sung-Jong Park, Sungju Jee, Ju Sun Oh, Ki Deok Park, Young Ju Jin, Sungjun Han, DooHan Yoo, Bo Hae Kim, Hyun Haeng Lee, Yeo Hyung Kim, Min-Gu Kang, Eun-Jae Chung, Bo Ryun Kim, Tae-Woo Kim, Eun Jae Ko, Young Min Park, Hanaro Park, Min-Su Kim, Jungirl Seok, Sun Im, Sung-Hwa Ko, Seong Hoon Lim, Kee Wook Jung, Tae Hee Lee, Bo Young Hong, Woojeong Kim, Weon-Sun Shin, Young Chan Lee, Sung Joon Park, Jeonghyun Lim, Youngkook Kim, Jung Hwan Lee, Kang-Min Ahn, Jun-Young Paeng, JeongYun Park, Young Ae Song, Kyung Cheon Seo, Chang Hwan Ryu, Jae-Keun Cho, Jee-Ho Lee, Kyoung Hyo Choi
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(Suppl 1):S1-S26.   Published online July 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23069
Objective
Dysphagia is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty in swallowing. It is sub-classified into oropharyngeal dysphagia, which refers to problems in the mouth and pharynx, and esophageal dysphagia, which refers to problems in the esophageal body and esophagogastric junction. Dysphagia can have a significant negative impact one’s physical health and quality of life as its severity increases. Therefore, proper assessment and management of dysphagia are critical for improving swallowing function and preventing complications. Thus a guideline was developed to provide evidence-based recommendations for assessment and management in patients with dysphagia.
Methods
Nineteen key questions on dysphagia were developed. These questions dealt with various aspects of problems related to dysphagia, including assessment, management, and complications. A literature search for relevant articles was conducted using Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and one domestic database of KoreaMed, until April 2021. The level of evidence and recommendation grade were established according to the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology.
Results
Early screening and assessment of videofluoroscopic swallowing were recommended for assessing the presence of dysphagia. Therapeutic methods, such as tongue and pharyngeal muscle strengthening exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation with swallowing therapy, were effective in improving swallowing function and quality of life in patients with dysphagia. Nutritional intervention and an oral care program were also recommended.
Conclusion
This guideline presents recommendations for the assessment and management of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia, including rehabilitative strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Using concept mapping to guide dysphagia service enhancements in Singapore: Recommendations from the speech-language pathology workforce
    Flora M.M Poon, Elizabeth C. Ward, Clare L. Burns
    International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2025; 27(1): 56.     CrossRef
  • Cough Suppression Therapy in Patients With Chronic Refractory Cough and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
    ShengYing A. Chen, Jessica F. Kim, Priya Krishna, Ethan Simmons, Brianna K. Crawley, Thomas Murry
    American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of Beverage Viscosity Based on the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative and Its Correspondence to the Japanese Dysphagia Diet 2021
    Mari Nakao-Kato, Aya Takahashi, Jin Magara
    Nutrients.2025; 17(6): 1051.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing oropharyngeal dysphagia in individuals with chronic neurological disorders presenting to the outpatient swallowing disorder clinic
    Güleser Güney Yılmaz, Müberra Tanrıverdi, Remzi Doğan, Orhan Özturan
    Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders.2025; 97: 106387.     CrossRef
  • The Efficacy of Outpatient Swallowing Therapy: A Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Study
    Tyler W. Crosby, Sonja Molfenter, Matina Balou, Uche C. Ezeh, Milan R. Amin
    Dysphagia.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Role of Dysphagia on Head and Neck Cancer Patients’ Quality of Life, Functional Disabilities and Psychological Distress: Outcomes of Cancer Rehabilitation from an Observational Single-Center Study
    Špela Matko, Christina Knauseder, David Riedl, Vincent Grote, Michael J. Fischer, Samuel Moritz Vorbach, Karin Pfaller-Frank, Wilhelm Frank, Thomas Licht
    Current Oncology.2025; 32(4): 220.     CrossRef
  • The impact of physical therapy on dysphagia in neurological diseases: a review
    Kun Li, Cuiyuan Fu, Zhen Xie, Jiajia Zhang, Chenchen Zhang, Rui Li, Caifeng Gao, Jiahui Wang, Chuang Xue, Yuebing Zhang, Wei Deng
    Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical Characteristics and Evaluation of Dysphagia in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
    Seo Jung Yun, Han Gil Seo
    Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2024; 14(1): 10.     CrossRef
  • Updated Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Long COVID
    Jun-Won Seo, Seong Eun Kim, Yoonjung Kim, Eun Jung Kim, Tark Kim, Taehwa Kim, So Hee Lee, Eunjung Lee, Jacob Lee, Yu Bin Seo, Young-Hoon Jeong, Young Hee Jung, Yu Jung Choi, Joon Young Song
    Infection & Chemotherapy.2024; 56(1): 122.     CrossRef
  • Association between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and mortality in older Japanese patients with dysphagia
    Chunhong Guo, Pingping Zheng, Shiyang Chen, Lin Wei, Xiuzhen Fu, Youyuan Fu, Tianhong Hu, Shaohua Chen
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Compensatory strategies of dysphagia after anterior cervical spinal surgery: A case report
    Sung Joon Chung, Jun Ho Lee, Yunsoo Soh
    Medicine.2024; 103(29): e39016.     CrossRef
  • The Right ICD Code, Right Now: A Call to Action for Pragmatic Language Disorders After Right Hemisphere Stroke
    Jamila Minga, Shanika Phillips Fullwood, Deborah Rose, Danai Kasambira Fannin
    American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2024; 33(6): 3121.     CrossRef
  • Dysphagia Screening in Residential Long-Term Care Settings in the Republic of Ireland: A Cross-Sectional Survey
    Constantino Estupiñán Artiles, Claire Donnellan, Julie Regan, Mary Mooney
    Dysphagia.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dysphagia and Dysphonia After Head and Neck Cancer
    Aaron Parsons, Karuna Dewan
    Oral Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The pathophysiology of dysphagia post‐lung transplant: A systematic review
    Sana Smaoui, Elly Cummins, Maryah Mena, Summer Scott, Rodrigo Tobar‐Fredes
    Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of segmental tongue function training on tongue pressure attributes in individuals with dysphagia after receiving radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Fei Zhao, Chen Yang, Si-Ming Sun, Yao-Wen Zhang, Hong-Mei Wen, Zu-Lin Dou, Xiao-Mei Wei, Chun-Qing Xie
    BMC Oral Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia
    Kyoung Hyo Choi
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(10): 604.     CrossRef
  • 14,434 View
  • 655 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 17 Crossref

Review Article

Others

AI in Rehabilitation Medicine: Opportunities and Challenges
Francesco Lanotte, Megan K. O’Brien, Arun Jayaraman
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(6):444-458.   Published online December 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23131
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly able to learn from larger and more complex data, thus allowing clinicians and scientists to gain new insights from the information they collect about their patients every day. In rehabilitation medicine, AI can be used to find patterns in huge amounts of healthcare data. These patterns can then be leveraged at the individual level, to design personalized care strategies and interventions to optimize each patient’s outcomes. However, building effective AI tools requires many careful considerations about how we collect and handle data, how we train the models, and how we interpret results. In this perspective, we discuss some of the current opportunities and challenges for AI in rehabilitation. We first review recent trends in AI for the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and continuous monitoring of disease or injury, with a special focus on the different types of healthcare data used for these applications. We then examine potential barriers to designing and integrating AI into the clinical workflow, and we propose an end-to-end framework to address these barriers and guide the development of effective AI for rehabilitation. Finally, we present ideas for future work to pave the way for AI implementation in real-world rehabilitation practices.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Blending Bytes and Bench Presses: The Future of Online Exercise and Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Rehabilitation
    Rowena Naidoo, Verusia Chetty
    Journal of Physical Activity and Health.2025; 22(1): 2.     CrossRef
  • The potential role of artificial intelligence to promote the participation and inclusion in physical exercise and sports for people with disabilities: A narrative review
    João Paulo Pereira Rosa
    Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.2025; 42: 127.     CrossRef
  • Estimation of elbow flexion torque using equilibrium optimizer on feature selection of NMES MMG signals and hyperparameter tuning of random forest regression
    Raphael Uwamahoro, Kenneth Sundaraj, Farah Shahnaz Feroz
    Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • From screens to scenes: A survey of embodied AI in healthcare
    Yihao Liu, Xu Cao, Tingting Chen, Yankai Jiang, Junjie You, Minghua Wu, Xiaosong Wang, Mengling Feng, Yaochu Jin, Jintai Chen
    Information Fusion.2025; 119: 103033.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence in stroke rehabilitation: From acute care to long-term recovery
    Spandana Rajendra Kopalli, Madhu Shukla, B. Jayaprakash, Mayank Kundlas, Ankur Srivastava, Jayant Jagtap, Monica Gulati, Sridevi Chigurupati, Eiman Ibrahim, Prasanna Shama Khandige, Dario Salguero Garcia, Sushruta Koppula, Amin Gasmi
    Neuroscience.2025; 572: 214.     CrossRef
  • Deep Learning for Predicting Rehabilitation Success: Advancing Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcome Modeling
    Yasser Mahmoud, Kaleb Horvath, Yi Zhou
    Electronics.2025; 14(6): 1082.     CrossRef
  • AI-Driven Telerehabilitation: Benefits and Challenges of a Transformative Healthcare Approach
    Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Sepehr Mojdehdehbaher
    AI.2025; 6(3): 62.     CrossRef
  • Harnessing Generative Artificial Intelligence for Exercise and Training Prescription: Applications and Implications in Sports and Physical Activity—A Systematic Literature Review
    Luca Puce, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Antonio Currà, Carlo Trompetto
    Applied Sciences.2025; 15(7): 3497.     CrossRef
  • Applying AI to Safely and Effectively Scale Care to Address Chronic MSK Conditions
    Anabela C. Areias, Dora Janela, Robert G. Moulder, Maria Molinos, Virgílio Bento, Carolina Moreira, Vijay Yanamadala, Fernando Dias Correia, Fabíola Costa
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(15): 4366.     CrossRef
  • RETRACTED ARTICLE: Using AI to navigate complex neurosurgical procedures in rare gliomas
    Mayur Wanjari, Gaurav Mittal, Roshan Prasad
    Neurosurgical Review.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Quantifying Asymmetric Gait Pattern Changes Using a Hidden Markov Model Similarity Measure (HMM-SM) on Inertial Sensor Signals
    Gabriel Ng, Aliaa Gouda, Jan Andrysek
    Sensors.2024; 24(19): 6431.     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education and Mentoring in Rehabilitation Medicine
    Julie K. Silver, Mustafa Reha Dodurgali, Nara Gavini
    American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2024; 103(11): 1039.     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence and Its Revolutionary Role in Physical and Mental Rehabilitation: A Review of Recent Advancements
    Amir Rahmani Rasa, Alejandro L. Borja
    BioMed Research International.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Enhanced gait tracking measures for individuals with stroke using leg-worn inertial sensors
    Francesco Lanotte, Shusuke Okita, Megan K. O’Brien, Arun Jayaraman
    Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,093 View
  • 253 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref

Original Article

Brain disorders

The Effectiveness of Goal-Oriented Dual Task Proprioceptive Training in Subacute Stroke: A Retrospective Observational Study
Rita Chiaramonte, Salvatore D’Amico, Salvatore Caramma, Giuseppina Grasso, Simona Pirrone, Maria Giovanna Ronsisvalle, Marco Bonfiglio
Ann Rehabil Med 2024;48(1):31-41.   Published online February 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23086
Objective
To show the effectiveness of goal-oriented proprioceptive training in subacute stroke for balance, autonomy, and fall risk.
Methods
Out a total of 35 patients, consistent in age (75.31±8.65 years), type of stroke (ischemic, 3 to 11 weeks before), and motor impairment, 18 patients underwent solely proprioceptive rehabilitation, the other 17 dual task exercises. The study assessed autonomy using Barthel Index, fall risk with Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), balance through Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Tinetti test.
Results
After two months, significant improvements were recorded in Barthel Index, BBS (p<0.0001), Tinetti test (p<0.0001 in dual task group, p=0.0029 in single task group), and TUG (p=0.0052 in dual task group, p=0.0020 in single task group) in both groups. Comparing the two groups, dual task group showed a significant difference in Tinetti balance assessment (p=0.0052), between the total score of Tinetti test and TUG in single (p=0.0271), and dual task (p=0.0235). Likewise, Tinetti gait test was significantly related to TUG in single (p=0.0536), and dual task (p=0.0466), while Tinetti balance test to Barthel Index (p=0.0394), BBS (p<0.0001), and TUG in single (p=0.0219), and dual task (p=0.0196). Lastly, there is a positive correlation of the use of aids with BBS (p=0.0074), and total score of Tinetti test (p=0.0160).
Conclusion
In subacute stroke, goal-oriented proprioceptive training improved balance, but only partially autonomy. Furthermore, the use of aids after dual-task exercises improved recovery of balance, but did not reduced falls.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A scoping review on the body awareness rehabilitation after stroke: are we aware of what we are unaware?
    Davide Cardile, Viviana Lo Buono, Francesco Corallo, Angelo Quartarone, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
    Frontiers in Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Dual tasking as a predictor of falls in post-stroke: A cross-sectional analysis comparing Walking While Talking versus Stops Walking While Talking
    Disha Lamba, Abraham M. Joshua, Vijaya kumar K, Akshatha Nayak, Prasanna Mithra, Rohit Pai, Shivananda Pai, Shyam Krishnan K., Vijayakumar Palaniswamy
    F1000Research.2025; 13: 1395.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Unpredictable Perturbation Training on a Split-Belt Treadmill on Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Kap-Soo Han, Myoung-Hwan Ko
    Geriatrics.2025; 10(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • Influence of taping on joint proprioception: a systematic review with between and within group meta-analysis
    Shashank Ghai, Ishan Ghai, Susanne Narciss
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Application of an Auditory-Based Feedback Distortion to Modify Gait Symmetry in Healthy Individuals
    Le Yu Liu, Samir Sangani, Kara K. Patterson, Joyce Fung, Anouk Lamontagne
    Brain Sciences.2024; 14(8): 798.     CrossRef
  • Validez convergente de la escala Tinetti en pacientes con ictus en fase subaguda
    Adrián Arranz–Escudero, Patricia Martín–Casas, Ester Carpio–Calatayud, Ibai López–de–Uralde–Villanueva
    Revista Científica de la Sociedad Española de Enfermería Neurológica.2024; : 500168.     CrossRef
  • Time-course for acquiring transfer independence in patients with subacute stroke: a prospective cohort study
    Shin Kitamura, Yohei Otaka, Shintaro Uehara, Yudai Murayama, Kazuki Ushizawa, Yuya Narita, Naho Nakatsukasa, Daisuke Matsuura, Rieko Osu, Kunitsugu Kondo, Sachiko Sakata
    Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 56: jrm40055.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and safety of very early rehabilitation for acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Ying Lou, Zhongshuo Liu, Yingxiao Ji, Jinming Cheng, Congying Zhao, Litao Li
    Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Challenges in Accessing Community-Based Rehabilitation and Long-Term Care for Older Adult Stroke Survivors and Their Caregivers: A Qualitative Study
    Sining Zeng, Min Wu, Ling Xu, Zining Guo, Shufan Chen, Keyu Ling, Haihan Li, Xiaoli Yu, Xiaoping Zhu
    Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2024; Volume 17: 4829.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Virtual Reality as a Rehabilitation Method Using TRAVEE System on Functional Outcomes and Disability in Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study
    Claudia-Gabriela Potcovaru, Delia Cinteză, Miruna Ioana Săndulescu, Daniela Poenaru, Ovidiu Chiriac, Cristian Lambru, Alin Moldoveanu, Ana Magdalena Anghel, Mihai Berteanu
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(11): 2450.     CrossRef
  • Synergistic effects of combined motor and language interventions on stroke rehabilitation: a holistic approach
    Reihaneh Saber-Moghadam, Afsaneh Zeinalzadeh, Jamshid Jamali, Mohammad Taghi Farzadfard, Davood Sobhani-Rad
    Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The importance of recovering body awareness in post-stroke rehabilitation: insights from clinical case reports
    Davide Cardile, Viviana Lo Buono, Francesco Corallo, Simona Cammaroto, Caterina Formica, Angelo Quartarone, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
    Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,372 View
  • 89 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref

Review Article

Dysphagia

Sarcopenic Dysphagia and Simplified Rehabilitation Nutrition Care Process: An Update
Shingo Kakehi, Eri Isono, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Moeka Shioya, Junki Ninomiya, Yohei Aoyama, Ryoko Murai, Yuka Sato, Ryohei Takemura, Amami Mori, Kei Masumura, Bunta Suzuki
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(5):337-347.   Published online October 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23101
Sarcopenic dysphagia is characterized by weakness of swallowing-related muscles associated with whole-body sarcopenia. As the number of patients with sarcopenia increases with the aging of the world, the number of patients with sarcopenic dysphagia is also increasing. The prevalence of sarcopenic dysphagia is high in the institutionalized older people and in patients hospitalized for pneumonia with dysphagia in acute care hospitals. Prevention, early detection and intervention of sarcopenic dysphagia with rehabilitation nutrition are essential. The diagnosis of sarcopenic dysphagia is based on skeletal and swallowing muscle strength and muscle mass. A reliable and validated diagnostic algorithm for sarcopenic dysphagia is used. Sarcopenic dysphagia is associated with malnutrition, which leads to mortality and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) decline. The rehabilitation nutrition approach improves swallowing function, nutrition status, and ADL. A combination of aggressive nutrition therapy to improve nutrition status, dysphagia rehabilitation, physical therapy, and other interventions can be effective for sarcopenic dysphagia. The rehabilitation nutrition care process is used to assess and problem solve the patient’s pathology, sarcopenia, and nutrition status. The simplified rehabilitation nutrition care process consists of a nutrition cycle and a rehabilitation cycle, each with five steps: assessment, diagnosis, goal setting, intervention, and monitoring. Nutrition professionals and teams implement the nutrition cycle. Rehabilitation professionals and teams implement the rehabilitation cycle. Both cycles should be done simultaneously. The nutrition diagnosis of undernutrition, overnutrition/obesity, sarcopenia, and goal setting of rehabilitation and body weight are implemented collaboratively.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Dual burden of sarcopenia and impaired oral status on activities of daily living, cognition and swallowing outcomes in post-stroke patients
    Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Fumihiko Nagano, Ayaka Matsumoto, Sayuri Shimazu, Ai Shiraishi, Yoshifumi Kido, Takahiro Bise, Takenori Hamada, Kouki Yoneda
    Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2025; 129: 105648.     CrossRef
  • Progress in dysphagia management in older patients
    Gero Lueg, Maryam Pourhassan, Rainer Wirth
    Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care.2025; 28(1): 14.     CrossRef
  • The rehabilitation nutrition oral care process: Implementing the triad of rehabilitation, nutrition, and oral management
    Hidetaka Wakabayashi
    Journal of General and Family Medicine.2025; 26(2): 114.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review
    Renata Marchewka, Tomasz Trzmiel, Katarzyna Hojan
    Brain Sciences.2024; 14(5): 430.     CrossRef
  • Malnutrition and cachexia may affect death but not functional improvement in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia
    Mai Yamanaka, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
    European Geriatric Medicine.2024; 15(3): 777.     CrossRef
  • Association between sarcopenia and urinary dysfunction in patients with dysphagia
    Shingo Kakehi, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Eri Isono, Ryohei Takemura, Yuka Sato, Yukiko Otsuka, Takako Nagai, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
    Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2024; 127: 105577.     CrossRef
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    Fumiko Furukawa, Kiyohito Kakita
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Nutritional care in older adults: are we doing everything? An expert opinion review
    Elisabet Sanchez-Garcia, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Paula Ravasco, Merja Suominen, Prof Kaisu Pitkälä
    Current Medical Research and Opinion.2024; 40(9): 1563.     CrossRef
  • Age and sex differences in sarcopenic dysphagia: A secondary data analysis
    Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Shingo Kakehi, Ayano Nagano, Masako Kishima, Masataka Itoda, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
    Journal of General and Family Medicine.2024; 25(6): 343.     CrossRef
  • Triad of rehabilitation, nutrition support, and oral management improves activities of daily living and muscle health in hospitalized patients after stroke
    Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Sayuri Shimazu, Ai Shiraishi, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Fumihiko Nagano, Ayaka Matsumoto, Yoshifumi Kido, Takahiro Bise, Aomi Kuzuhara, Takenori Hamada, Kouki Yoneda
    Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2024; 63: 837.     CrossRef
  • The Prevalence and Prognosis of Cachexia in Patients with Non-Sarcopenic Dysphagia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
    Shingo Kakehi, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Takako Nagai, Shinta Nishioka, Eri Isono, Yukiko Otsuka, Junki Ninomiya, Ryo Momosaki
    Nutrients.2024; 16(17): 2917.     CrossRef
  • 7,644 View
  • 193 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref

Original Article

Geriatric Rehabilitation

Association of Diaphragm Thickness and Respiratory Muscle Strength With Indices of Sarcopenia
Yookyung Lee, Sunhan Son, Don-Kyu Kim, Myung Woo Park
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(4):307-314.   Published online August 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23081
Objective
To evaluate the relationship between respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness (DT), and indices of sarcopenia.
Methods
This study included 45 healthy elderly volunteers (21 male and 24 female) aged 65 years or older. Sarcopenia indices, including hand grip strength (HGS) and body mass index-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM/BMI), were measured using a hand grip dynamometer and bioimpedance analysis, respectively. Calf circumference (CC) and gait speed were also measured. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were obtained using a spirometer, as a measure of respiratory muscle strength. DT was evaluated through ultrasonography. The association between indices of sarcopenia, respiratory muscle strength, and DT was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation test, and univariate and multiple regression analysis.
Results
ASM/BMI (r=0.609, p<0.01), CC (r=0.499, p<0.01), HGS (r=0.759, p<0.01), and gait speed (r=0.319, p<0.05) were significantly correlated with DT. In the univariate linear regression analysis, MIP was significantly associated with age (p=0.003), DT (p<0.001), HGS (p=0.002), CC (p=0.013), and gait speed (p=0.026). MEP was significantly associated with sex (p=0.001), BMI (p=0.033), ASM/BMI (p=0.003), DT (p<0.001), HGS (p<0.001), CC (p=0.001) and gait speed (p=0.004). In the multiple linear regression analysis, age (p=0.001), DT (p<0.001), and ASM/BMI (p=0.008) showed significant association with MIP. DT (p<0.001) and gait speed (p=0.050) were associated with MEP.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that respiratory muscle strength is associated with DT and indices of sarcopenia. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Role of Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Identifying Sarcopenia in COPD Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Nur Aleyna Yetkin, Sibel Akın, Derya Kocaslan, Burcu Baran, Bilal Rabahoglu, Fatma Sema Oymak, Nuri Tutar, İnci Gulmez
    International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.2025; Volume 20: 1.     CrossRef
  • Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Takahiro Shinohara, Toru Yamada, Shuji Ouchi, Suguru Mabuchi, Ryoichi Hanazawa, Kazuharu Nakagawa, Kanako Yoshimi, Tatsuya Mayama, Ayane Horike, Kenji Toyoshima, Yoshiaki Tamura, Atsushi Araki, Haruka Tohara, Akihiro Hirakawa, Takuma Kimura, Takeshi Ishid
    Diagnostics.2025; 15(1): 90.     CrossRef
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    Yasuharu Tabara, Takeshi Matsumoto, Kimihiko Murase, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Kazuya Setoh, Tomoko Wakamura, Toyohiro Hirai, Kazuo Chin, Fumihiko Matsuda
    Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mercan Tastemur, Cagla Ozdemir, Esin Olcucuoğlu, Gunes Arik, Ihsan Ates, Kamile Silay
    BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Shinjiro Miyazaki, Akira Tamaki, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Hidenori Arai
    Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care.2024; 27(3): 210.     CrossRef
  • Diaphragm Ultrasound in Different Clinical Scenarios: A Review with a Focus on Older Patients
    Carmine Siniscalchi, Antonio Nouvenne, Nicoletta Cerundolo, Tiziana Meschi, Andrea Ticinesi
    Geriatrics.2024; 9(3): 70.     CrossRef
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    Kazunori Okada, Akiko Kamiya, Yusuke Yanagi, Masahiro Nakabachi, Yasuhiro Hayashi, Michito Murayama, Sanae Kaga
    WFUMB Ultrasound Open.2024; 2(2): 100052.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Functional Reserve and Exercise Tolerance in Patients with CHF in Clinical Trials (Consent Document of the Editorial board of the Journal of Cardiology, the Board of the Society of Specialists in Heart Failure (SSHF) and Working Group “N
    Yu. L. Begrambekova, G. P. Arutynov, M. G. Glezer, N. A. Karanadze, E. A. Kolesnikova, T. A. Lelyavina, A. S. Lishuta, Ya. A. Orlova, Yu. N. Belenkov
    Kardiologiia.2024; 64(7): 4.     CrossRef
  • Validating respiratory sarcopenia diagnostic criteria by mortality based on a position paper by four professional organizations: Insights from the Otassha study
    Takeshi Kera, Hisashi Kawai, Manami Ejiri, Keigo Imamura, Hirohiko Hirano, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Kazushige Ihara, Shuichi Obuchi
    Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2024; 24(9): 948.     CrossRef
  • Evaluating Respiratory Muscle Strength in Sarcopenia Screening among Older Men in South Korea: A Retrospective Analysis
    Tae Sung Park, Sa-Eun Park, Ki-Hun Kim, Sang Hun Kim, Myung Hun Jang, Myung-Jun Shin, Yun Kyung Jeon
    The World Journal of Men's Health.2024; 42(4): 890.     CrossRef
  • Tongue pressure, respiratory muscle and limb strength and functional exercise capacity in oesophageal cancer
    Takuya Fukushima, Makoto Yamasaki, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Yasuaki Arima, Takashi Harino, Soshi Hori, Yuki Hashimoto, Masaya Kotsuka, Kentaro Inoue, Kimitaka Hase, Jiro Nakano
    BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care.2024; 14(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • 5,164 View
  • 157 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref

Review Articles

Geriatric Rehabilitation

E-Health Interventions for Older Adults With Frailty: A Systematic Review
Hyeong-Wook Han, Si-Woon Park, Doo Young Kim, Bum-Suk Lee, Daham Kim, Namo Jeon, Yun-Jung Yang
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(5):348-357.   Published online October 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23090
Objective
To systematically review the efficacy of e-Health interventions on physical performance, activity and quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia or frailty.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted by searching the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, Web of Science, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database for experimental studies published in English from 1990 to 2021. E-Health studies investigating physical activity, physical performance, quality of life, and activity of daily living assessment in adults aged ≥65 years with sarcopenia or frailty were selected.
Results
Among the 3,164 identified articles screened, a total of 4 studies complied with the inclusion criteria. The studies were heterogeneous by participant characteristics, type of e-Health intervention, and outcome measurement. Age criteria for participant selection and sex distribution were different between studies. Each study used different criteria for frailty, and no study used sarcopenia as a selection criteria. E-Health interventions were various across studies. Two studies used frailty status as an outcome measure and showed conflicting results. Muscle strength was assessed in 2 studies, and meta-analysis showed statistically significant improvement after intervention (standardized mean difference, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.94; p=0.80, I2=0%).
Conclusion
This systematic review found insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of e-Health interventions. Nevertheless, the studies included in this review showed positive effects of e-Health interventions on improving muscle strength, physical activity, and quality of life in older adults with frailty.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Álvaro García-Bustillo, José Miguel Ramírez-Sanz, José Luis Garrido-Labrador, Alicia Olivares-Gil, Florita Valiñas-Sieiro, Marta Allende-Río, Josefa González-Santos, Jerónimo Javier González-Bernal, Maha Jahouh, Sara Calvo-Simal, Lucía Simón-Vicente, Nati
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  • Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR)
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    Tina Rishaug, Anne-Marie Aas, André Henriksen, Gunnar Hartvigsen, Kåre Inge Birkeland, Eirik Årsand, Ai Theng Cheong,
    PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0318876.     CrossRef
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    Kumi Morishita-Suzuki, Toshimi Ogawa, Roberta Bevilacqua, Sebastien Dacunha, Vera Stara, Johanna Möller, Cecilia Palmier, Asako Ohara, Ai Abe, Denilson Brilliant T., Maribel Pino, Rainer Wieching, Elvira Maranesi, Anne-Sophie Rigaud, Shuichiro Watanabe, V
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    Annemarie Money, Aylish MacKenzie, Amelia Parchment, Gill Norman, Danielle Harris, Saima Ahmed, Lisa McGarrigle, Helen Hawley-Hague, Chris Todd
    BMC Geriatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Momoko Tohyama, Ryo Momosaki, Yuka Shirai, Kenta Ushida, Yuki Kato, Miho Shimizu, Issei Kameda, Yuya Sakurai, Asuka Hori, Masatsugu Okamura, Takahiro Tsuge, Hiroki Sato, Yuki Nakashima, Kaori Endo, Shota Hayashi, Norio Yamamoto, Daisuke Matsumoto, Kenichi
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    Rikke Helene Moe, Thea P. M. Vliet Vlieland
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(6): 1808.     CrossRef
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    Ruotong Peng, Zeng Cao, Shaolong Hu, Xinzhou Liu, Yongzhen Guo, Xiaoyang Li, Chi Zhang, Hui Feng
    Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Real-Time Web-Based Intervention with a Multicomponent Group-Based Program for Older Adults: Single-Arm Feasibility Study
    Tsubasa Nakada, Kayo Kurotani, Takako Kozawa, Satoshi Seino, Shinichi Murota, Miki Eto, Junko Shimasawa, Yumiko Shimizu, Shinobu Tsurugano, Fuminori Katsukawa, Kazunori Sakamoto, Hironori Washizaki, Yo Ishigaki, Maki Sakamoto, Keiki Takadama, Keiji Yanai,
    Healthcare.2024; 12(23): 2365.     CrossRef
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  • 80 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref

Geriatric Rehabilitation

Improved Muscle Mass and Function With Protein Supplementation in Older Adults With Sarcopenia: A Meta-Analysis
Hyo Eun Kwon, Nayeon Ko, Doyoung Yuk, Seo Won Choi, Seong-Eun Koh
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(5):358-366.   Published online October 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23076
Objective
To systematically review the effects of protein supplementation in older adults with sarcopenia.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases until May 2023. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials with a quantitative study design; (2) studies with a study group of older adults with sarcopenia; (3) studies comparing muscle mass, muscle strength, and performance of older adults with sarcopenia after protein supplementation; and (4) studies published up to May 2023.
Results
Six retrospective comparative studies, including 715 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The nutritional supplementation group exhibited significant improvement in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24–0.58; p<0.001; I2=1%), while handgrip strength (SMD=0.37; 95% CI, -0.32–1.07; p=0.29; I2=94%) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (SMD=0.35; 95% CI, -0.47–1.18; p=0.40; I2=94%) showed a tendency for improvement.
Conclusion
Nutritional supplementation with protein increased appendicular muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia and improved handgrip strength and SPPB scores.

Citations

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Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injury Fact Sheet in Korea
Han-Kyoul KIM, Ja-Ho Leigh, Yoonjeong Choi, Jong Hwa Lee, Moon Suk Bang
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(1):4-10.   Published online February 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23020
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been recognized as a medically complex and life-disrupting condition. As the aging of the population accelerates, the trend of SCI has changed. This review aimed to provide comprehensive statistics and recent epidemiological changes in SCI and rehabilitation in Korea. All three insurance databases (National Health Insurance Service [NHIS], automobile insurance [AUI], and industrial accident compensation insurance [IACI]) were considered. These nationwide databases provide data on the current trends in term of incidence, etiology, and rehabilitation of SCI. Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) was more frequent among the elderly in the NHIS compared to working age individuals in the AUI and IACI. In all three trauma-related insurance databases, male with TSCI outnumbered female. TSCI incidence per year was approximately 17 times higher among males than females, on average, in IACI. In all three insurances, the cervical level of TSCI was the most frequent. Although the ratio of SCI patients receiving rehabilitation treatment at primary and secondary hospitals increased for nine years, the increase in training on activities of daily living (ADL training) was found to be relatively small. This review provides a broader and comprehensive understanding of the incidence, etiology, and rehabilitation treatment of SCI in Korea.

Citations

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    Sungchul Huh, Yuna Kim, Hyun-Yoon Ko, Mi Sook Yun, Yong Il Shin, Jung Lim Lee, Sung-Hwa Ko
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    Seonghye Kim, Bongseong Kim, Kyung-Do Han, Junhee Park, Jung Eun Yoo, Hea Lim Choi, Won Hyuk Chang, In Young Cho, Dong Wook Shin
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    Kimin Yun, Jin-cheol Lim, Onyoo Kim
    BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dongheon Kang, Jiyoung Park
    Life.2024; 14(9): 1135.     CrossRef
  • Trends in the Incidence and Etiology of Non-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study From 2007 to 2020
    Yoonjeong Choi, Ja-Ho Leigh, Jooeun Jeon, Goo Joo Lee, Hyung-Ik Shin, Moon Suk Bang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sora Han, Wooyeung Kim, Onyoo Kim
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(5): 377.     CrossRef
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  • 134 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref

Brain disorders

Post-Stroke Spastic Movement Disorder and Botulinum Toxin A Therapy: Early Detection And Early Injection
Jörg Wissel, Anatol Kivi
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(5):326-336.   Published online October 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23108
Post-stroke spastic movement disorder (PS-SMD) develops in up to 40% of stroke survivors after a first ever stroke within the first year. Chronic PS-SMD is often associated with severe disabilities and complications, emphasizing the importance of its early recognition and early adequate management. Extensive research has aimed to accurately predict and sensitively detect a PS-SMD. Symptomatic therapies include conventional rehabilitation and local intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A). The latter is widely used, but primarily in the chronic phase of stroke. However, recent studies have shown the safety and efficacy of BoNT-A therapy even in the acute phase and early sub-acute phase after stroke, i.e., within three months post-stroke, leading to an improved long-term outcome in stroke rehabilitation. Local BoNT-A injections evolve as the primary approach in focal, multifocal, and segmental chronic or acute/subacute PS-SMD. Patients at high risk for or manifest PS-SMD should be identified by an early spasticity risk assessment. By doing so, PS-SMD can be integral part of the patient-centered goal-setting process of a multiprofessional spasticity-experienced team. The benefit of an early PS-SMD treatment by BoNT-A should predominate putative degenerative muscle changes due to long-term BoNT-A therapy by far. This, as early treatment effectively avoids complications typically associated with a PS-SMD, i.e., contractures, pain, skin lesions. The management of PS-SMD requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Early assessment, patient-centered goal setting, early intervention, and early use of BoNT-A therapy prevents from PS-SMD complications and may improve rehabilitation outcome after stroke.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • How many stroke survivors develop problematic spasticity requiring pharmacological therapy? An international (Europe and USA) observational study protocol
    Richard D Zorowitz, Laura Serrano Barrenechea, Simon Butet, Sergiu Groppa, David Hernández Herrero, Rama Prasad, Susan Sandars, Seema Meloni, Simon Page, Pascal Maisonobe, Alessandro Picelli
    BMJ Open.2025; 15(1): e087404.     CrossRef
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    Salvatore Facciorusso, Stefania Spina, Alessandro Picelli, Alessio Baricich, Gerard E. Francisco, Franco Molteni, Jörg Wissel, Andrea Santamato
    Toxins.2024; 16(4): 184.     CrossRef
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    María Gabriela González Chico, Xaviera Elizabeth Medina Godoy, Miliana Esperanza Estupiñan Bazurto, María José López Becerra
    Más Vita.2024; 6(2): 82.     CrossRef
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    María Jesús Antón, Montserrat Molina, José Gabriel Pérez, Santiago Pina, Noemí Tapiador, Beatriz De La Calle, Mónica Martínez, Paula Ortega, María Belén Ruspaggiari, Consuelo Tudela, Marta Conejo, Pedro Leno, Marta López, Carmen Marhuenda, Carlos Arias-Ca
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    Joon-Ho Shin
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 439.     CrossRef
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  • 6 Crossref

Others

Disaster Response and Management: The Integral Role of Rehabilitation
Bhasker Amatya, Fary Khan
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(4):237-260.   Published online August 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23071
With the increasing frequency of disasters and the significant upsurge of survivors with severe impairments and long-term disabling conditions, there is a greater focus on the importance of rehabilitation in disaster management. During disasters, rehabilitation services confront a greater load due to the influx of victims, management of persons with pre-existing disabilities and chronic conditions, and longer-term care continuum. Despite robust consensus amongst the international disaster response and management community for the rehabilitation-inclusive disaster management process, rehabilitation is still less prioritised. Evidence supports the early involvement of rehabilitation professionals in disaster response and management for minimising mortality and disability, and improving clinical outcomes and participation in disaster survivors. In the last two decades, there have been substantial developments in disaster response/management processes including the World Health Organization Emergency Medical Team (EMT) initiative, which provides a standardized structured plan to provide effective and coordinated care during disasters. However, rehabilitation-inclusive disaster management plans are yet to be developed and/or implemented in many disaster-prone countries. Strong leadership and effective action from national and international bodies are required to strengthen national rehabilitation capacity (services and skilled workforce) and empower international and local EMTs and health services for comprehensive disaster management in future calamities. This narrative review highlights the role of rehabilitation and current developments in disaster rehabilitation; challenges and key future perspectives in this area.

Citations

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  • Rehabilitation under fire: insights from SUMC
    Alan Friedman, Cheryl Benjamin, Iuly Treger
    The Lancet.2025; 405(10487): 1338.     CrossRef
  • Afet Sonrası Tıbbi Rehabilitasyon Süreci ve Küresel Gelişmeler
    Cem Zafer Yıldır
    Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2024; 19(1): 134.     CrossRef
  • Development and implementation of a rehabilitation triage algorithm for disasters in the subacute phase: an experience from the 2024 Noto peninsula earthquake
    Shigehito Shiota, Naoya Orita, Yuma Tsubakita, Masaya Ichimoto, Noboru Shimada, Naoya Goto, Tomohiro Hirota, Shunsuke Taito, Kazuhiko Hirata, Yukio Mikami
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    Linda Abou-Abbas, Diana Sabbagh, Rodolfo Rossi, Lavanya Vijayasingham, Maria Rita Lteif, Haya Rawi, Rouba Mitri, Hala Al Sultan, Aicha Benyaich, Ahmad AL-MOSA, Claudia Truppa
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Original Article

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

Validation of Wearable Digital Devices for Heart Rate Measurement During Exercise Test in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Chul Kim, Jun Hyeong Song, Seung Hyoun Kim
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(4):261-271.   Published online August 4, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23019
Objective
To assess the accuracy of recently commercialized wearable devices in heart rate (HR) measurement during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) under gradual increase in exercise intensity, while wearable devices with HR monitors are reported to be less accurate in different exercise intensities.
Methods
CPX was performed for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Twelve lead electrocardiograph (ECG) was the gold standard and Apple watch 7 (AW7), Galaxy watch 4 (GW4) and Bio Patch Mobicare 200 (MC200) were applied for comparison. Paired absolute difference (PAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were evaluated for each device.
Results
Forty-four participants with CAD were included. All the devices showed MAPE under 2% and ICC above 0.9 in rest, exercise and recovery phases (MC200=0.999, GW4=0.997, AW7=0.998). When comparing exercise and recovery phase, PAD of MC200 and AW7 in recovery phase were significantly bigger than PAD of exercise phase (p<0.05). Although not significant, PAD of GW4 tended to be bigger in recovery phase, too. Also, when stratified by HR 20, ICC of all the devices were highest under HR of 100, and ICC decreased as HR increased. However, except for ICC of GW4 at HR above 160 (=0.867), all ICCs exceeded 0.9 indicating excellent accuracy.
Conclusion
The HR measurement of the devices validated in this study shows a high concordance with the ECG device, so CAD patients may benefit from the devices during high-intensity exercise under conditions where HR is measured reliably.

Citations

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  • Prognostic Factors for Responders of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation—Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
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    IEEE Sensors Letters.2024; 8(7): 1.     CrossRef
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    Chul Kim, Jun Hyeong Song, Seung Hyoun Kim
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(4): 249.     CrossRef
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    Fernandes Haniel
    Annals of Musculoskeletal Medicine.2023; 7(2): 016.     CrossRef
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    Fernandes Haniel
    Journal of Sports Medicine and Therapy.2023; 8(4): 051.     CrossRef
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Editorial

Pediatric rehabilitation

Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy: Pros and Cons
Sung-Rae Cho
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(1):1-3.   Published online February 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23003

Citations

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  • Efficacy, Indications, and Safety of Intrathecal Baclofen Pump: A Narrative Review
    Alan D. Kaye, Se Yun Cheon, Morgan H. Roque, Caroline Gibbs, Karlee R. Mott, Alex M. Wandler, Syeda T. Munir, Junyu Lin, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Harish Siddaiah, Sarah H. Myers, Kristin Nicole Bembenick, Sahar Shekoohi
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    Billy McBenedict, Wilhelmina Hauwanga, Anna Pogodina, Jeshua Nathaniel Devan, Kang Suen Goh, Ryan Chun Chien Yau, Berley Alphonse, Lorena Adolphsson, Bruno Lima Pessôa
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    Mahdi Masrour, Amir Zare, Ana Presedo, Mohammad Hossein Nabian
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    Ahmad Khalid Madadi, Moon-Jun Sohn
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    Juan J Medina-Pérez, Andrés Vega-Rosas, Rubén A Martínez-Espinosa, Daniel Chávez-González, Silvia G Coubert-Pelayo
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 6 Crossref

Original Article

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

A Pulmonary Telerehabilitation Program Improves Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in Young Females Post-COVID-19 Patients
Ashwag S. Alsharidah, FatmaAlzahraa H. Kamel, Afrah A. Alanazi, Enas A. Alhawsah, Hajar K. Alharbi, Zahrah O. Alrshedi, Maged A. Basha
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(6):502-510.   Published online November 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23060
Objective
To examine the impact of telerehabilitation training on exercise capacity, lung function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in comparison to no rehabilitation for post-COVID-19 symptoms in adult females.
Methods
A randomized controlled trial of 48 females after mild to moderate COVID-19 survival were equally and randomly assigned to one of two groups: intervention group or control group. Three sessions per week for 6 weeks of a telerehabilitation program provided via a smartphone to the intervention group. Spirometry was used to quantify lung function, a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) measured in meters to measure exercise capacity, and the Short Form Health Survey-36 was used to assess HRQOL.
Results
After treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in forced vital capacity (FVC) or forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between groups (p>0.05), but the 6MWT of the intervention group increased significantly more than that of the control group (p=0.001). The percent of change in 6MWT for the intervention group and control group was 14.22% and 4.21%, respectively. After therapy, the intervention group’s HRQOL significantly improved when compared to the control group’s (p=0.001).
Conclusion
This study showed that a telerehabilitation programs improved exercise capacity and HRQOL in young females post-COVID-19 compared to no rehabilitation.

Citations

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  • Physical Therapy Outcome Measures Used in Persons With Long Covid: A Systematic Review of Interventional Studies Up to 1-Year Postglobal Health Emergency
    Andrea Lopes Sauers, Liana Johnson, Marissa Mortensen, Laura Bianca Dorásio da Silva, Luciana Angélica da Silva de Jesus, Jaime González, Cristino Oliveira
    Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal.2025; 36(2): 105.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of Telerehabilitation Protocols for Improving Functionality in Post-COVID-19 Patients
    Jose Luis Estela-Zape, Valeria Sanclemente-Cardoza, Leidy Tatiana Ordoñez-Mora
    Life.2025; 15(1): 44.     CrossRef
  • Practical Recommendations for Exercise Training in Patients with Long COVID with or without Post-exertional Malaise: A Best Practice Proposal
    Rainer Gloeckl, Ralf H. Zwick, Ulrich Fürlinger, Tessa Schneeberger, Daniela Leitl, Inga Jarosch, Uta Behrends, Carmen Scheibenbogen, Andreas Rembert Koczulla
    Sports Medicine - Open.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of telerehabilitation in patients with post-COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
    Jiang Yang, Huiru Li, Hulei Zhao, Yang Xie, Jiansheng Li, Minghang Wang
    BMJ Open.2024; 14(7): e074325.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of telerehabilitation versus face-to-face pulmonary rehabilitation on physical function and quality of life in people with post COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
    Oliver MARTÍNEZ-POZAS, Camilo CORBELLINI, Juan N. CUENCA-ZALDÍVAR, Érika MELÉNDEZ-OLIVA, Pierluigi SINATTI, Eleuterio A. SÁNCHEZ ROMERO
    European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 6,132 View
  • 93 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref

Review Article

Pediatric rehabilitation

Early Neurodevelopmental Assessments of Neonates Discharged From the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Physiatrist’s Perspective
Sung Eun Hyun, Jeong-Yi Kwon, Bo Young Hong, Jin A Yoon, Ja Young Choi, Jiyeon Hong, Seong-Eun Koh, Eun Jae Ko, Seung Ki Kim, Min-Keun Song, Sook-Hee Yi, AhRa Cho, Bum Sun Kwon
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(3):147-161.   Published online June 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23038
The survival rate of children admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) after birth is on the increase; hence, proper evaluation and care of their neurodevelopment has become an important issue. Neurodevelopmental assessments of individual domains regarding motor, language, cognition, and sensory perception are crucial in planning prompt interventions for neonates requiring immediate support and rehabilitation treatment. These assessments are essential for identifying areas of weakness and designing targeted interventions to improve future functional outcomes and the quality of lives for both the infants and their families. However, initial stratification of risk to select those who are in danger of neurodevelopmental disorders is also important in terms of cost-effectiveness. Efficient and robust functional evaluations to recognize early signs of developmental disorders will help NICU graduates receive interventions and enhance functional capabilities if needed. Several age-dependent, domain-specific neurodevelopmental assessment tools are available; therefore, this review summarizes the characteristics of these tools and aims to develop multidimensional, standardized, and regular follow-up plans for NICU graduates in Korea.

Citations

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  • Recurrent peripheral intravenous catheterization in neonates: A case series
    Stephanie Hall, Emily Larsen, Linda Cobbald, Nicole Marsh, Linda McLaughlin, Mari Takashima, Robert S. Ware, Amanda Ulman, Deanne August
    Nursing in Critical Care.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Improvement in functional motor scores in patients with non-ambulatory spinal muscle atrophy during Nusinersen treatment in South Korea: a single center study
    Jin A. Yoon, Yuju Jeong, Jiae Lee, Dong Jun Lee, Kyung Nam Lee, Yong Beom Shin
    BMC Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ravi Gajula, Veerabadram Yeshala, Nagalakshmi Gogikar, Rakesh Kotha
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Performance of Activities of Daily Living in Typically Developing Children in Korea: Normative Value of K-MBI
    Mi-Jeong Yoon, Sungwoo Paek, Jongbin Lee, Youngdeok Hwang, Joon-Sung Kim, Yeun-Jie Yoo, Bo Young Hong
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(4): 281.     CrossRef
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    Natalia V. Andrushchenko, Alexander B. Palchik, Marina V. Osipova
    Russian Family Doctor.2024; 28(4): 24.     CrossRef
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  • 5 Crossref

Original Articles

Dysphagia

Correlation Between Articulatory Diadochokinetic Parameters and Dysphagia Parameters in Subacute Stroke Patients
Back Min Oh, Hyun Seok, Sang-Hyun Kim, Seung Yeol Lee, Su Jung Park, Beom Jin Kim, Hyun Jung Kim
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(3):192-204.   Published online June 12, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23018
Objective
To determine correlations of alternation motor rate (AMR), sequential motor rate (SMR), and maximum phonation time (MPT) with the severity of dysphagia in subacute stroke patients.
Methods
This was a retrospective chart review study. Data of 171 subacute stroke patients were analyzed. Patient’s AMR, SMR, and MPT data were collected from their language evaluations. Video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was done. Data of dysphagia scales including penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcomes Measurement System (ASHA-NOMS) scale, clinical dysphagia scale (CDS), and videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale (VDS) were obtained. AMR, SMR, and MPT were compared between a non-aspirator group and an aspirator group. Correlations of AMR, SMR, and MPT with dysphagia scales were analyzed.
Results
AMR ("ka"), SMR, and modified Rankin Scale were significant associated factors between non-aspirator group and aspirator group, while AMR ("pa"), AMR ("ta"), and MPT were not. AMR, SMR, and MPT showed significant correlations with PAS score, ASHA-NOMS scale, CDS, VDS oral, and VDS pharyngeal scores. The cut-off value for distinguishing non-aspirator group and aspiration group was 18.5 for AMR ("ka") (sensitivity of 74.4%, specificity of 70.8%) and 7.5 for SMR (sensitivity of 89.9%, specificity of 61.0%). AMR and SMR were significantly lower in before-swallow aspiration group.
Conclusion
Articulatory diadochokinetic tasks that can be easily performed at the bedside would be particularly helpful in determining the oral feeding possibility of subacute stroke patients who cannot undergo VFSS, which is the gold standard for dysphagia assessment.

Citations

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  • Application of B+M-Mode Ultrasound in Evaluating Dysphagia in Elderly Stroke Patients
    Jiaying Shuai, Linping Pian, Li Tian, Linying Wang, Miaomiao Deng, Chen Cheng
    Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.2025; 51(2): 273.     CrossRef
  • Laryngeal and swallowing characteristics in elderly after stroke: a preliminary study
    Jonan Emi Valencia Cardenas, Cris Magna dos Santos Oliveira, Raquel Rodrigues Rosa, Gabriele Ramos de Luccas, Claudia Tiemi Mituuti, Kelly Cristina Alves Silverio, Alcione Ghedini Brasolotto, Giédre Berretin-Felix
    Audiology - Communication Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Características laríngeas e de deglutição em idosos pós-acidente vascular encefálico: um estudo preliminar
    Jonan Emi Valencia Cardenas, Cris Magna dos Santos Oliveira, Raquel Rodrigues Rosa, Gabriele Ramos de Luccas, Claudia Tiemi Mituuti, Kelly Cristina Alves Silverio, Alcione Ghedini Brasolotto, Giédre Berretin-Felix
    Audiology - Communication Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative analysis of speech assessment tools for individuals with dysarthria in Chile and worldwide
    Marcela Sanhueza-Garrido, Virginia García-Flores, Carlos Rojas-Zepeda, Jaime Crisosto-Alarcón
    Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología.2024; 4: 626.     CrossRef
  • Rehabilitation of Patients with Post-Stroke Dysarthria in the Russia and Abroad: a Literature Review
    Olga V. Loginova, Daria I. Bovtyuk
    Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 22(6): 100.     CrossRef
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  • 5 Crossref

Brain disorders

Validity and Reliability of the Thai Version of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire in Individuals With Parkinson’s disease
Arisa Taweekitikul, Phakamas Tanvijit, Pheeravut Tantisuvanitchkul, Prachaya Srivanitchapoom, Yuvadee Pitakpatapee, Fuengfa Khobkhun, Piyapong Akkathep
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(1):45-51.   Published online February 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22149
Objective
To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Thai version of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q) in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Methods
The FOG-Q was translated into Thai according to the standard process. Fifty-six individuals with PD participated in the study. The content validity was assessed using the content validity index (CVI). The construct validity was evaluated by correlating Thai FOG-Q with Thai version of the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) items 2.13 and 3.11, Thai version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rS). The correlation between Thai FOG-Q and clinical characteristics, for example, duration of PD and modified Hoehn and Yahr (mH&Y) stage was evaluated. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha (Cα) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively.
Results
The Thai FOG-Q had high content validity (CVI=0.96). The mean FOG-Q score was 9.0±4.9. The construct validity showed a strong positive correlation with MDS-UPDRS item 2.13 (rS=0.81), and moderate correlations with MDS-UPDRS item 3.11, FES-I, and TUG (rS=0.42–0.60). A negative correlation with BBS was found (rS=-0.32). It had a moderate correlation with mH&Y stage (rS=0.40). The Thai FOG-Q had good internal consistency (Cα=0.87) with excellent test-retest reliability (ICC=0.91).
Conclusion
The Thai FOG-Q has excellent validity and reliability. It is a useful instrument for the evaluation of FOG in individuals with PD.

Citations

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  • Validity, reliability, and measurement error of the Japanese version of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire for patients with Parkinson’s disease
    Katsuya Sakai, Tsubasa Kawasaki, Hiroya Kiminarita, Kichol Kim, Jyunya Ogawa
    Physiotherapy Theory and Practice.2025; 41(4): 820.     CrossRef
  • A Graph‐Theoretic Approach to Detection of Parkinsonian Freezing of Gait From Videos
    Qi Liu, Jie Bao, Xu Zhang, Chuan Shi, Catherine Liu, Rui Luo
    Statistics in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Psychometric properties of outcome measures for freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Prisca Proietti, Ilaria Ruotolo, Alessandra Carlizza, Alessandro Ugolini, Giovanni Galeoto, Giovanni Fabbrini, Giovanni Sellitto
    Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • The validation of a Japanese version of the New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (NFOG-Q)
    Seira Taniguchi, Kohei Marumoto, Yuta Kajiyama, Gajanan Revankar, Michiko Inoue, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Rika Kayano, Eiji Mizuta, Ryuichi Takahashi, Emi Shirahata, Chizu Saeki, Tatsuhiko Ozono, Yasuyoshi Kimura, Kensuke Ikenaka, Hideki Mochizuki
    Neurological Sciences.2024; 45(7): 3147.     CrossRef
  • A VO2peak prediction model in older adults' patients with Parkinson's disease
    Jaime Vásquez-Gómez, Armando Cifuentes-Amigo, Marcelo Castillo-Retamal, Antonio R. Zamunér
    Experimental Gerontology.2023; 181: 112285.     CrossRef
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  • 5 Crossref

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

The Effect of Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors Management
Chul Kim, Seok Hyeon Lee
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(4):272-281.   Published online August 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23041
Objective
To compare the efficacy of home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) and center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) in cardiovascular risk factor management.
Methods
We performed retrospective review of the electronic medical records of 72 patients who were hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome and participated in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program for the first time. The participants were stratified into the HBCR group, receiving educational programs and performing self-exercise at home, and the CBCR group, participating in electrocardiogram monitoring monitoring exercise training in hospital settings. The results of the Lifestyle Questionnaire survey were investigated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.
Results
Both groups showed significant improvements in serum low-density lipoprotein levels, frequency of alcohol consumption, eating habits and psychological status. Moderate-intensity exercise duration and the maximal metabolic equivalents values improved significantly in both groups but slightly more in the CBCR group. However, the number of current smokers increased in both groups, and no significant changes were found in body mass index, serum glycated hemoglobin levels, serum high-density lipoprotein levels, or high-intensity exercise duration.
Conclusion
Regardless of the CR program type, a patient’s lifestyle can be modified. Therefore, patients should continue participating in any type of CR program.

Citations

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  • Actualización en rehabilitación cardiaca en el paciente crítico cardiovascular: una revisión de tema
    Juan Santiago Serna-Trejos, Carlos Andrés Castro-Galvis, Stefanya Geraldine Bermúdez-Moyano, Laura Catalina Rodríguez-Fonseca, Álvaro Andrés Montenegro-Apraez, Jorge Fernando Miño-Bernal, Lina María Salazar-Rodríguez, Valentina Bravo-Echeverry
    Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The cytoplasmic sensor, the AIM2 inflammasome: A precise therapeutic target in vascular and metabolic diseases
    Jiuguo Lin, Jiaojiao Wang, Jian Fang, Meihang Li, Suowen Xu, Peter J. Little, Dongmei Zhang, Zhiping Liu
    British Journal of Pharmacology.2024; 181(12): 1695.     CrossRef
  • Cardiac rehabilitation centers in Romania: Where are we now?
    Mihaela Mandu, Gabriel Olteanu, Andreea Elena Lăcraru, Gelu Onose, Narcisa Lazăr, Liviu Șerbănoiu, Maria-Alexandra Ciucă-Pană, Ioana Andone, Aura Spinu, Andreea Ancuta Vataman, Gabriela Dogaru, Ștefan Busnatu
    Balneo and PRM Research Journal.2024; 15(Vol.15, no): 707.     CrossRef
  • Optimizing Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure: Comprehensive Insights, Barriers, and Future Strategies
    Francisco Epelde
    Medicina.2024; 60(10): 1583.     CrossRef
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  • 3 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref

Pediatric rehabilitation

Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen Pump on Scoliosis in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-Analysis
Soolim Lee, Cheolhwan Hyun, Kyungmin KIM, Hyo Eun Kwon, Minwoo Woo, Seong-Eun Koh
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(1):11-18.   Published online January 4, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22108
Objective
To systematically review the effect of intrathecal baclofen pump insertion in children with cerebral palsy (CP) with respect to scoliosis.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases up to June 2022. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies with a quantitative study design; (2) studies with a study group of children with CP; (3) studies comparing scoliosis in children with and without an intrathecal baclofen pump; and (4) studies with Cobb’s angle as a parameter.
Results
Of the 183 studies found, four studies, all of which were retrospective comparative studies, met the aforementioned inclusion criteria. All studies were homogeneous (I2=0%, p=0.53) and intrathecal baclofen pump insertion accelerated the progression of scoliosis (standard mean difference=0.27; 95% confidence interval=0.07–0.48).
Conclusion
Intrathecal baclofen pumps have been used to alleviate spasticity in children with CP, thus aiding their daily activities and movements. However, their advantages and disadvantages should be reviewed after sufficient time considering the pumps’ negative effect on the course of scoliosis.

Citations

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  • From childhood to adulthood: Long-term assessment of continuous intrathecal baclofen therapy in non-ambulant spastic cerebral palsy
    B.H.M. Martens, M. Iskander, D.L. Soudant, G.F. Vles, L.A. Bonouvrié, O.P.M. Teernstra, J.S.H. Vles, R.J. Vermeulen
    European Journal of Paediatric Neurology.2025; 56: 17.     CrossRef
  • Pre-op considerations in neuromuscular scoliosis deformity surgery: proceedings of the half day course at the 58th annual meeting of the Scoliosis Research Society
    Michelle C. Welborn, Gregory Redding, Patrick Evers, Lindsey Nicol, David F. Bauer, Rajiv R. Iyer, Selina Poon, Steven Hwang
    Spine Deformity.2024; 12(4): 867.     CrossRef
  • Cervicothoracic ventral-dorsal rhizotomy for treatment of brachial hypertonia in cerebral palsy
    Sunny Abdelmageed, Mahalia Dalmage, James M. Mossner, Robin Trierweiler, Tim Krater, Jeffrey S. Raskin
    Child's Nervous System.2024; 40(9): 2835.     CrossRef
  • Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy: Pros and Cons
    Sung-Rae Cho
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(1): 1.     CrossRef
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Others

Smartphone Usage and Postural Stability in Individuals With Forward Head Posture: A Nintendo Wii Balance Board Analysis
Weerasak Tapanya, Noppharath Sangkarit
Ann Rehabil Med 2024;48(4):289-300.   Published online July 24, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.230034
Objective
To assess postural stability, specifically center of body sway during single-leg standing balance, among individuals with and without forward head posture (FHP) during smartphone use.
Methods
The research recruited 53 healthy smartphone users, aged 18–25, and categorized them into FHP group comprising 26 subjects and the normal (control) group with 27 subjects. Participants were assigned the task of maintaining balance while engaged in smartphone typing during single-leg standing. The experiment involved four specific conditions according to neck posture and stable of surface. The study meticulously quantified body center of pressure (COP) sway amplitudes using the Nintendo Wii Balance Board.
Results
The research revealed that individuals with FHP exhibited significantly greater body sway compared to the control group when using smartphones. Notably, distinct variations were observed in path length sway, anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) sway amplitude, particularly evident when maintaining flexed neck positions on a soft surface while engaged with smartphones.
Conclusion
These findings strongly suggest that individuals with FHP encounter deteriorated postural stability during smartphone use, particularly in challenging head positions.

Citations

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  • Validity of a qualitative visual method for diagnosing forward head posture
    Shohei Shibasaki, Tomonori Kishino, Yoriko Sei, Keiichiro Harashima, Konomi Sakata, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Takashi Watanabe
    Musculoskeletal Science and Practice.2025; 76: 103282.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of balance in overweight and obese young adults: utilizing centre of pressure displacement variables in the single leg sit-to-stand test
    Noppharath Sangkarit, Weerasak Tapanya, Patchareeya Amput, Chananya Muangchuen, Piyaporn Seeta, Worrasak Paleeta
    International Journal of Adolescence and Youth.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluating fall risk in community-dwelling older adults through balance assessment with the Nintendo Wii Balance Board
    Weerasak Tapanya, Noppharath Sangkarit, Puttipong Poncumhak, Saisunee Konsanit
    Human Movement.2025; 26(1): 161.     CrossRef
  • 5,508 View
  • 99 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref

Review Article

Spinal cord injury

Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Jong Mi Park, Yong Wook Kim, Su Ji Lee, Ji Cheol Shin
Ann Rehabil Med 2024;48(3):171-191.   Published online June 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.230039
Spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation emphasizes locomotion. Robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) is widely used in clinical settings because of its benefits; however, its efficacy remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of RAGT in patients with SCI. We searched international and domestic databases for articles published until April 18, 2024. The meta-analysis employed a random effects model to determine the effect size as either mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD). Evidence quality was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Twenty-three studies with a total of 690 participants were included in the final analysis. The overall pooled effect size for improvement in activities of daily living was 0.24, with SMD (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.04–0.43; GRADE: high) favoring RAGT over conventional rehabilitation. Muscular strength (MD, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.02–0.44; GRADE: high), walking index for SCI (MD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.07–0.55; GRADE: moderate) and 6 min walk test distance (MD, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.14–0.63; GRADE: moderate) showed significant improvement in the robot group. Subgroup analysis revealed that subacute patients and intervention periods >2 months were more effective. This meta-analysis revealed that RAGT significantly improved activities of daily living, muscular strength, and walking abilities. Additional studies are needed to identify the optimal treatment protocol and specific patient groups for which the protocol is most effective.

Citations

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  • Effects of Unpredictable Perturbation Training on a Split-Belt Treadmill on Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Kap-Soo Han, Myoung-Hwan Ko
    Geriatrics.2025; 10(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • Advances and New Therapies in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
    Antonio Montoto-Marqués, Jesús Benito-Penalva, María Elena Ferreiro-Velasco, Mark Andrew Wright, Sebastian Salvador-De la Barrera, Hatice Kumru, Nelson Gaitán-Pérez, Agustin Hernández-Navarro, Antonio Rodríguez-Sotillo, Fernando Martins Braga, Angela Pale
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(7): 2203.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing on functional independence outcomes after hospitalization and rehabilitation in children with spinal cord injury
    Hong-Bo Zhao, Xiang-Jiang Rong, Qi Zhang, Ting-Ting Ma, He Yan, Tian-Tian Zhou, Yan-Qing Zhang
    BMC Pediatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 139 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref

Original Articles

Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

Efficacy and Safety of High Density LED Irradiation Therapy for Patients With Hand Osteoarthritis: A Single-Center Clinical Study
Kyungmin Kim, Sung Hoon Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Sang Yeol Yong, Won Woo Choi, Sun Jung Kim, Hyuk Do Kim, Kyung Joon Oh, Dae Ryong Kang, Sehwa Hong, Jiseon Hong
Ann Rehabil Med 2024;48(1):50-56.   Published online December 12, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23127
Objective
To assess the safety and effectiveness of high-density light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation therapy in patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA) and compare the pre- and post-intervention symptoms.
Methods
Twenty-three patients with hand OA underwent eight sessions of high-density LED irradiation therapy directed at the five most painful areas in the finger joints. Each session lasted for 18 minutes; and the sessions were conducted twice a week, for 4 weeks. We evaluated the degree of pain using the visual analogue scale, ring size, and passive range of motion (flexion+extension) for two most painful joints from the baseline to post-therapy (weeks 4 and 6).
Results
High-density LED irradiation therapy significantly reduced the pain posttreatment compared with that observed at the baseline (p<0.001). Although improvements were observed in ring size and joint range of motion at 4 and 6 weeks, they were not statistically significant (p>0.05). No adverse events were observed.
Conclusion
We examined the safety and effectiveness of high-density LED irradiation therapy in reducing pain and hand swelling and improving joint mobility in patients with hand OA. These results suggest that high-density LED irradiation therapy has the potential to be an important strategy for managing hand OA.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Letter to the Editor: Efficacy and Safety of High Density LED Irradiation Therapy for Patients With Hand Osteoarthritis: A Single-Center Clinical Study
    Vanshika Agarwal, Jeyanthi. S, Adarsh Sharma
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 49(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Response: Efficacy and Safety of High Density LED Irradiation Therapy for Patients With Hand Osteoarthritis: A Single-Center Clinical Study (Ann Rehabil Med 2024;48:50-6)
    Jiseon Hong
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 49(1): 3.     CrossRef
  • Photobiomodulation Literature Watch December 2023
    James D. Carroll
    Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery.2024; 42(10): 660.     CrossRef
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  • 3 Crossref

Electrodiagnosis

Prognostic Value of Electroneuronography in Severe Cases of Facial Palsy
Minwoo Woo, Doyoung Yuk, Seo Won Choi, Jongmin Lee, Hyun Haeng Lee
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(6):511-518.   Published online November 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23082
Objective
To examine the prognostic value of electroneuronography (ENoG) in predicting functional recovery in severe cases of acute facial palsy.
Methods
Patients with severe degrees of facial palsy (initial House–Brackmann [HB] grades IV to VI) with available electrodiagnostic studies conducted 2–4 weeks after symptom onset were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were categorized into “good recovery” and “poor recovery” groups, with the former showing mild to no dysfunction (HB I to III) and the latter exhibiting moderate to severe dysfunction (HB IV to VI) on follow-up evaluation, 2 months after onset. ENoG amplitudes in four facial muscles (frontalis, nasalis, orbicularis oculi, and orbicularis oris), as well as age, sex, affected side, disease etiology, comorbidities, and laboratory findings, were compared between the two groups.
Results
Thirty-seven patients were included. Twenty-nine of the patients showed “good recovery,” and eight showed “poor recovery” at 2 months after symptom onset. Univariate analysis yielded no significant difference in age, sex, affected side, disease etiology, comorbidities, and laboratory findings between the two groups. Preserved ENoG amplitudes (individual, average, and trimmed means) were significantly higher in the good recovery group than in the poor recovery group (p<0.005). Sex (p=0.038) and the ENoG of the nasalis muscle, acquired 2–4 weeks from symptom onset (p=0.004), showed significant differences in multivariate regression analysis.
Conclusion
This study suggests that the female sex and lower ENoG of the nasalis muscle, acquired 2–4 weeks from symptom onset, have negative prognostic value for the 2-month functional outcome of severe facial palsy cases.

Citations

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  • Management of facial nerve trauma
    Rachel C. Greiner, Gavriel D. Kohlberg, G. Nina Lu
    Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery.2024; 32(4): 234.     CrossRef
  • Predictive Value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Idiopathic Facial Nerve Palsy
    Longdong Xu, Tingting Guo, Xihua Sheng, Huaping Du, Ying Tang
    International Journal of General Medicine.2024; Volume 17: 2635.     CrossRef
  • Study protocol for a randomized trial comparing two electroacupuncture waveforms for different severity groups of Bell palsy
    Zhiyuan Bian, Jiawei Wang, Fei Fang, Binyan Yu, Yan Shi, Yijia Wan, Mei Hong, Conghua Ji, Xiaomei Shao, Yi Liang, Jianqiao Fang, Jing Sun
    Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,543 View
  • 97 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref

Review Article

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

Fact Sheet on Cardiac Rehabilitation for Cardiovascular Disease in South Korea
Ki-Hong Kim, Jae-Young Han
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(5):318-325.   Published online October 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23050
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant health challenge globally, including in Korea, due to its status as a leading cause of death and its impact on cardiopulmonary function. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a well-established program that not only aids in restoring cardiopulmonary function, but also improves physical and social conditions. The benefits of CR are widely recognized, and it is implemented globally. While the effectiveness of CR has been proven in Korea, it is underutilized. This fact sheet summarizes the current status of CR in Korea, including the prevalence of CVD, the clinical practice guidelines for CR programs, and the challenges of implementing CR in Korea.

Citations

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  • The Accessibility and Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Pandemic Era
    Chul Kim, Jun Hyeong Song, Seung Hyoun Kim
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(4): 249.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation with Optimized Exercise Prescriptions Using a Mobile Healthcare App in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Hyun-Seok Jo, Hyeong-Min Kim, Chae-Hyun Go, Hae-Young Yu, Hyeng-Kyu Park, Jae-Young Han
    Life.2024; 14(9): 1122.     CrossRef
  • Cardiac rehabilitation for patients with coronary artery disease
    Jang Woo Lee
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(9): 566.     CrossRef
  • 4,056 View
  • 51 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref

Original Article

Spinal cord injury

Epidemiology and Assessment of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury With Concomitant Brain Injury: An Observational Study in a Regional Trauma Center
Tae Woong Yang, Dong Ho Yoo, Sungchul Huh, Myung Hun Jang, Yong Beom Shin, Sang Hun Kim
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(5):385-392.   Published online October 12, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23054
Objective
To analyze the epidemiological information of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to suggest points to be aware of during the initial physical examination of patients with SCI.
Methods
This study was a retrospective, observational study conducted in a regional trauma center. All the records of patients diagnosed with traumatic SCI between 2016 and 2020 were reviewed. A total of 627 patients with confirmed traumatic SCI were hospitalized. A retrospective study was conducted on 363 individuals.
Results
The epidemiological data of 363 individuals were investigated. Changes in American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) scores in patients with SCI were evaluated. The initial evaluation was performed on average 11 days after the injury, and a follow-up examination was performed 43 days after. Fourteen of the 24 patients identified as having AIS A and SCI with concomitant TBI in the initial evaluation showed neurologic level of injury (NLI) recovery with AIS B or more. The conversion rate in patients with SCI and concomitant TBI exceeded that reported in previous studies in individuals with SCI.
Conclusions
Physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments caused by TBI present significant challenges in rehabilitating patients with SCI. In this study, the influence of concomitant TBI lesions could have caused the initial AIS assessment to be incorrect.

Citations

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  • Neurologic Decline After Spinal Cord Injury
    Zakari R. Dymock, Sara Shahid Salles
    Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America.2025; 36(1): 47.     CrossRef
  • Screening and outcomes of co-occurring traumatic brain injury among people with spinal cord injury: a scoping review
    Deborah L. Snell, Phoebe Wynands, Jennifer Dunn, Joanne Nunnerley, Alice Theadom
    Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 57: jrm41897.     CrossRef
  • The Critical Management of Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review
    Emilio Moreno-González, Antonio Ibarra
    Clinics and Practice.2024; 15(1): 2.     CrossRef
  • 2,911 View
  • 67 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref

Review Article

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients in the Postoperative Phase of Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
André Luiz Lisboa Cordeiro, Lucas Oliveira Soares, Mansueto Gomes-Neto, Jefferson Petto
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(3):162-172.   Published online June 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23022
To review the evidence about inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in patients in postoperative of cardiac surgery. We conducted this systematic review used the databases Ovid, LILACS, CINAHL, PubMed, PEDro, and CENTRAL. Randomized clinical trials that addressed IMT after cardiac surgery were selected. The outcomes assessed were maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), tidal volume (TV), peak expiratory flow (PEF), functional capacity (6-minute walk test) and length of hospital stay. The mean difference between groups and the respective 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and used to quantify the effect of continuous outcomes. Seven studies were selected. The IMT was superior to the control over MIP 15.77 cmH2O (95% CI, 5.95–25.49), MEP 15.87 cmH2O (95% CI, 1.16–30.58), PEF 40.98 L/min (95% CI, 4.64–77.32), TV 184.75 mL (95% CI, 19.72–349.77), hospital stay -1.25 days (95% CI, -1.77 to -0.72), but without impact on functional capacity 29.93 m (95% CI, -27.59 to 87.45). Based on the results presented, IMT was beneficial as a form of treatment for patients after cardiac surgery.

Citations

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  • Effect of inspiratory muscle training in esophageal cancer patients receiving esophagectomy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Jianhua Su, Wei Huang, Pengming Yu, Fatma Abdelfattah Hegazy
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(7): e0307069.     CrossRef
  • Benefits from Implementing Low- to High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review
    Aphrodite Evangelodimou, Irini Patsaki, Alexandros Andrikopoulos, Foteini Chatzivasiloglou, Stavros Dimopoulos
    Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2024; 11(12): 380.     CrossRef
  • The impact of threshold-loaded inspiratory muscle training and respiratory biofeedback on preserving inspiratory muscle strength and vital capacity after CABG: a randomized clinical trial
    Bahareh Mehregan-Far
    American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease.2024; 14(6): 375.     CrossRef
  • 3,450 View
  • 125 Download
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  • 3 Crossref
Original Articles

Brain disorders

Delirium After Traumatic Brain Injury: Prediction by Location and Size of Brain Lesion
Soo Jeong Han, Jee Hyun Suh, Ja Young Lee, Soo Jin Kim
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(3):214-221.   Published online June 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23008
Objective
To examine (1) the location of brain lesion that would predict post-traumatic delirium and (2) the association between volume of brain lesion and occurrence of delirium in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing medical records of 68 TBI patients, categorized into two groups: the delirious group (n=38) and non-delirious group (n=30). The location and volume of TBI were investigated with the 3D Slicer software.
Results
The TBI region in the delirious group mainly involved the frontal or temporal lobe (p=0.038). All 36 delirious patients had brain injury on the right side (p=0.046). The volume of hemorrhage in the delirious group was larger by about 95 mL compared to the non-delirious group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.382).
Conclusion
Patients with delirium after TBI had significantly different injury site and side, but not lesion size compared to patients without delirium.

Citations

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  • Clinical Utility and Performance of the Traditional Chinese Version of the 4-As Test for Delirium due to Traumatic Brain Injury
    Yun-Hsuan Lai, Chia-Jou Lin, I-Chang Su, Sheng-Wen Huang, Chia-Chi Hsiao, Ying-Ling Jao, Pin-Yuan Chen, Victoria Traynor, Chuan-Ya Lee, Ting-Jhen Chen, Mu-Hsing Ho, Hsiao-Yean Chiu
    Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Post–Intensive Care Syndrome in Neurocritical Care Patients
    Neha S. Dangayach, Natalie Kreitzer, Brandon Foreman, Jenna Tosto-Mancuso
    Seminars in Neurology.2024; 44(03): 398.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for delirium occurring after deep brain stimulation surgery in patients with Parkinson’s disease
    Enes Ozluk, Gulsah Ozturk
    Acta Neurochirurgica.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 6,655 View
  • 160 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref

Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation

Phase Angle Is Associated With Handgrip Strength in Older Patients With Heart Failure
Wataru Kawakami, Takuya Umehara, Yoshitaka Iwamoto, Makoto Takahashi, Nobuhisa Katayama
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(2):129-137.   Published online March 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22138
Objective
To assess the relationships between phase angle and muscle mass, strength, and physical function in patients with heart failure.
Methods
This study used a cross-sectional design. The analysis included 51 patients with heart failure. The Short Physical Performance Battery, one-leg standing time, handgrip strength, phase angle, and skeletal muscle index were measured. To identify explanatory variables of phase angle, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed.
Results
Handgrip strength was found to be an explanatory variable of phase angle independent of age, sex, and body mass index. This model was able to explain 30.4% of the model variance for phase angle.
Conclusion
In patients with heart failure, improving muscle strength rather than muscle mass or physical function might be more important for improving phase angle. Handgrip strength is an important outcome for improving prognosis in patients with heart failure.

Citations

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  • Phase Angle and Impedance Ratio as Indicators of Physical Function and Fear of Falling in Older Adult Women: Cross-Sectional Analysis
    Danielle A Sterner, Jeffrey R Stout, Kworweinski Lafontant, Joon-Hyuk Park, David H Fukuda, Ladda Thiamwong
    JMIR Aging.2024; 7: e53975.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Sarcopenia in older adult patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional and follow-up study
    Sang Hun Kim, Cho Hui Hong, Myung-Jun Shin, Ki Uk Kim, Tae Sung Park, Jun Yong Park, Yong Beom Shin
    BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Malnutrition in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Insights from Morphofunctional Assessment and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria
    María Teresa Zarco-Martín, Carmen Freire, María Carmen Andreo-López, Socorro Leyva-Martínez, María Luisa Fernández-Soto
    Nutrients.2024; 16(16): 2625.     CrossRef
  • 6,140 View
  • 111 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref

Cancer rehabilitation

Outcomes of a Multi-Modal Hospital-Associated Home-Based Cancer Prehabilitation Program
Kah Meng Kwok, San San Tay
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(1):52-67.   Published online January 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22126
Objective
To assess the impact of a “one-stop”, multi-modal, hospital-associated-home-based prehabilitation model, helmed by a small core team, on newly diagnosed gastrointestinal and urological cancer patients planned for surgery.
Methods
This is a retrospective study in a tertiary public hospital, involving all newly diagnosed gastrointestinal and urological cancer patients planned for surgery. The primary outcome measure was the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Other outcomes included physical, psychological and quality-of-life measures, and patient satisfaction surveys, taken at baseline, pre-operatively (post-prehabilitation), and at 3 months post-operatively.
Results
When comparing the baseline to pre-operatively (post-prehabilitation), there was a statistically significant improvement in the 6MWT (21.52 m, p<0.001), 30-Second Sit to Stand test (STS) (1.08 repetitions, p<0.001), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) (0.83 seconds, p=0.014) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (total score 1.77, p<0.001). These were sustained (6MWT: 0.22, p=0.964; STS: 0.08 repetitions, p=0.863; TUG: 0.04 seconds, p=0.939) or further improved (HADS total score 2.06, p=0.003) at 3 months post-operatively. There was also a statistically significant improvement in the EuroQol-5 dimension health score (health-related quality-of-life measure) from baseline to 3 months post-operatively (7.04 points, p=0.001), with more than 90% overall patient satisfaction reported.
Conclusion
Prehabilitation applied via our model resulted in significant improvements in functional capacity, psychological and quality-of-life outcomes, sustained at 3 months post-operatively, and is a feasible and effective approach that is well-received by our patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Feasibility, User Acceptance, and Outcomes of Using a Cancer Prehabilitation App for Exercise: Pilot Cohort Study
    Fuquan Zhang, Deepali Bang, Christine Alejandro Visperas, Mon Hnin Tun, San San Tay
    JMIR Formative Research.2025; 9: e64427.     CrossRef
  • Measures of preoperative anxiety: Part two
    Katarzyna Nowicka-Sauer, Adam Zemła, Dorota Banaszkiewicz, Bartosz G. Trzeciak, Krzysztof Jarmoszewicz
    Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy.2024; 56(1): 9.     CrossRef
  • Prevention and treatment of noncognitive complications
    André van Zundert, Stephen P. Gatt, Tom Christophe van Zundert
    Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia.2023; 17(4): 557.     CrossRef
  • 4,977 View
  • 113 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref

Brain disorders

Effects of Home-Based Boxing Training on Trunk Performance, Balance, and Enjoyment of Patients With Chronic Stroke
Jeerawan Kerdsawatmongkon, Nomjit Nualnetr, Olan Isariyapan, Nithra Kitreerawutiwong, Waroonnapa Srisoparb
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(1):36-44.   Published online January 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22127
Objective
To investigate the effect of 6 weeks of home-based boxing training on trunk performance, balance, fear of falling, and level of therapy enjoyment in individuals with chronic stroke.
Methods
Eighteen participants with chronic stroke were randomly divided into boxing and control groups (9 patients per group). The boxing group received home-based boxing training for 25 minutes plus balance and trunk exercise training for 15 minutes, while the control group received only home-based balance and trunk exercise training for 40 minutes, three days a week for 6 weeks. The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) were assessed at baseline, and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-training. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to determine differences between pre- and post-training within and between groups. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results
The TIS scores significantly increased from 13 to 17 points in the boxing group (p<0.05) compared to an increase from 15 to 17 points in the control group (p<0.05). The Mini-BESTest scores significantly increased from 14 to 22 points in the boxing group (p<0.05) compared to an increase from 17 to 20 points in the control group (p<0.05). There were no differences in the TIS, Mini-BESTest, ABC, and PACES scores between the two groups.
Conclusion
Home-based boxing training with balance and trunk exercise training had a similar training effect compared to home-based balance and trunk exercise training.

Citations

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  • Therapeutic Intervention for Trunk Control Impairments in Central Nervous System Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Methods and Efficacy
    Hiroaki Yamashita, Tatsuya Yamaoka, Ryota Shimomura, Sachimori Ichimura, Yuuki Murata, Akihiro Itoh, Tatsuya Mima, Satoko Koganemaru
    Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 10: n/a.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Taekwondo intervention on balance ability: A meta-analysis and systematic review
    Zhengfa Han, Hanyu Ju, Artur Kruszewski
    PLOS ONE.2025; 20(2): e0317844.     CrossRef
  • Interactive Cognitive Motor Training: A Promising Approach for Sustainable Improvement of Balance in Older Adults
    Longhai Zhang, Jiawei Guo, Jing Zhang, Ling Zhang, Yanbing Li, Shutong Yang, Wenfei Zhu, Fei Guo
    Sustainability.2023; 15(18): 13407.     CrossRef
  • 6,002 View
  • 139 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref

Others

Exploratory Investigation of the Effects of Tactile Stimulation Using Air Pressure at the Auricular Vagus Nerve on Heart Rate Variability
Hyun Jeong Lee, Soohyun Wi, Sungwoo Park, Byung-Mo Oh, Han Gil Seo, Woo Hyung Lee
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(1):68-77.   Published online January 4, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22119
Objective
To explore the effects of tactile stimulation using air pressure at the auricular branch of the vagus nerve on autonomic activity in healthy individuals.
Methods
Three types of tactile stimulation were used in this study: continuous low-amplitude, continuous high-amplitude, and pulsed airflow. The tactile stimulations were provided to the cymba concha to investigate autonomic activity in 22 healthy participants. The mean heart rate (HR) and parameters of HR variability, including the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) were compared at baseline, stimulation, and recovery periods.
Results
Two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of time on HR (p=0.001), SDNN (p=0.003), and RMSSD (p<0.001). These parameters showed significant differences between baseline and stimulation periods and baseline and recovery periods in the post-hoc analyses. There were no significant differences in the changes induced by stimulation type and the interaction between time and stimulation type for all parameters. One-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that HR, SDNN, and RMSSD did not differ significantly among the three time periods during sham stimulation.
Conclusion
Parasympathetic activity can be enhanced by auricular tactile stimulation using air pressure, targeting the cymba concha. Further studies are warranted to investigate the optimal stimulation parameters for potential clinical significance.

Citations

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  • Stroking Stimuli to the Ear to Enhance Pleasant and Non-arousing Feelings while Listening to Sounds
    Yuta GOTO, Shogo OKAMOTO
    International Journal of Affective Engineering.2024; 23(3): 251.     CrossRef
  • Relaxation Effects of Auricular Vibration Stimuli Synchronized with Music
    Yuta GOTO, Shogo OKAMOTO
    International Symposium on Affective Science and Engineering.2024; ISASE2024: 1.     CrossRef
  • Effects of tactile auricular vagus nerve stimulation using heated and humidified airflow on cardiac autonomic activity: a pilot experimental study
    Soohyun Wi, Sungwoo Park, Byung-Mo Oh, Han Gil Seo, Yae Lim Lee, Woo Hyung Lee
    Clinical Autonomic Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,832 View
  • 116 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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