Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor that acts as an anticoagulant. Deficiency of protein S increases the risk of thromboembolic events. We report a case of isolated protein S deficiency in a 39-year-old woman suffering arterial occlusion in both lower legs. She underwent a surgical procedure using thrombectomy and balloon angioplasty of her left lower extremity. Later, she had right trans-tibial amputation because of the reperfusion injury. Throughout the evaluation of thromboembolic events, we diagnosed a large thrombus in the right atrium and an asymptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient was successfully treated with right atrial thrombectomy and systemic anticoagulation. Careful evaluation for protein S levels may be necessary in patients with arterial thromboembolic events, especially young adults.
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A Rare Case of Left Atrial Mass with Nonhemorrhagic Infarct in a Patient of Inherited Thrombophilia Gurinder Mohan, Hargurdas Singh, Jivtesh Preet Singh, Akansha LNU, Kapeesh Khanna AMEI's Current Trends in Diagnosis & Treatment.2022; 5(2): 107. CrossRef
Central retinal vein occlusion as a presenting feature in a young patient with protein S deficiency Rupak Roy, Kumar Saurabh, Amit B Jain, Debmalya Das, Anindya K Majumder, Aneesha Lobo Clinical and Experimental Optometry.2015; 98(2): 190. CrossRef
Antiphospholipid syndrome is a thrombotic disorder characterized by arterial or venous thrombosis with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPA). We reported a 38- year-old man suffering deep vein thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. He underwent an interventional procedure of intravascular thrombolytic therapy and stent insertion due to deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities. On the next day of the procedure, he complained of low back pain, motor weakness in lower extremities, sensory loss and voiding difficulty. Lumbar MRI revealed epidural hematoma between T12 and L2 spine, resulting in cauda equina syndrome. Twenty days later, pulmonary thromboembolism was newly diagnosed. In laboratory test, aPA was detected. Therefore, he was finally diagnosed as antiphospholipid syndrome. We reported this unusual case with the review of literatures. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2005; 29: 231-234)