Objective
To develop and validate a clinically actionable prediction model for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in cardiac surgery patients, focusing on modifiable preoperative risk factors amenable to targeted optimization.
Methods
In this prospective observational cohort study, 492 adults undergoing open-chest cardiac surgery between August 15, 2023 and December 31, 2023 were analyzed. Prespecified predictors included gas exchange variables, pulmonary function, inspiratory muscle strength, and physical performance. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to develop the prediction model. Discrimination was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).
Results
A total of 90 patients (14.1%) developed PPCs after surgery. Five independent predictors were identified: elevated arterial PaCO2 (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.26), oxygen desaturation (SpO2<93%) (OR 12.47, 95% CI 3.51–48.13), reduced gait speed (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04–0.71), lower FEV1/FVC ratio (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–1.00), and diminished inspiratory muscle strength (MIP % predicted) (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92–0.99). The model demonstrated good discriminative ability with an AUC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.80–0.93) in the training cohort and 0.87 (95% CI 0.74–0.93) in the validation cohort.
Conclusion
This parsimonious model achieved high predictive accuracy using five modifiable physiological variables. By targeting abnormalities in gas exchange, pulmonary mechanics, muscle strength, and functional reserve, the model offers a practical tool to guide individualized prehabilitation strategies for reducing PPC risk in cardiac surgery patients.

Citations

• Preoperative Albumin Infusion Reduced Pulmonary Complications in Elderly Patients With Hypoalbuminemia Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Single‐Center, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Controlled Pilot Trial
  Jie Liu, Shiqiang Chen, Yunxiao Bai, Yong Lv, Yanting Wang, Zhenzhen Xu, Nianguo Dong, Qingping Wu
  MedComm.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To examine back muscle activity and fatigue behavior in female patients with degenerative thoracolumbar kyphosis (DTK) using high-density surface electromyography (HDSEMG) and evaluate the effects of using a soft spinal orthosis.
Methods
Seven female participants with DTK (mean age: 73.6 years) were assessed during static standing and a weighted holding task with and without a soft spinal orthosis. HDSEMG signals were obtained from the lumbar erector spinae using a 64-electrode array. Time to fatigue (TTF), spatial displacement, and directional consistency of muscle activation were analyzed using the spatial center of activity (SCoA) and circular variance (CV).
Results
Orthosis use significantly reduced the sagittal vertical axis and low back pain. TTF was significantly prolonged during the weighted holding task with the orthosis (p=0.012), indicating delayed fatigue onset. SCoA displacement was significantly reduced in both tasks (p<0.001), whereas CV analysis demonstrated improved directional consistency of muscle activation.
Conclusion
HD-SEMG revealed early fatigue onset and unstable muscle activation patterns in patients with DTK, particularly during load-bearing tasks performed without orthotic support. Orthosis used improved endurance and neuromuscular efficiency by reducing spatial and directional variability in muscle recruitment. These findings underscore the utility of HDSEMG for elucidating the neuromuscular pathophysiology of DTK and support the use of spinal orthoses as a conservative treatment approach.

Objective
To compare the immediate recovery effects of cold compression (CC) and ischemic preconditioning with ice (IPCice) on muscle recovery, this study was conducted.
Methods
Athletes were randomly assigned to CC (n=12), IPCice (n=12), or control (n=12) groups. All participants completed a fatigue-inducing jump rope protocol targeting the gastrocnemius prior to recovery interventions. CC involved 20 minutes of alternating pressure (25–75 mmHg) on the gastrocnemius muscles. IPCice involved thigh cuffs inflated to 200 mmHg (2 minutes on/off cycles for 20 minutes) with manual ice application. Thirty-six amateur mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes. Muscle pain, congestion, strength, creatine kinase, muscle stiffness, perfusion, pressure pain threshold, reactive strength index, and total quality recovery were assessed at rest, post-exercise, post-treatment, and 48 hours later.
Results
Post-treatment, CC significantly improved perfusion (p<0.001) and reduced muscle soreness in both legs compared to IPCice and control (p≤0.02). CC also resulted in significantly higher PPT values (p≤0.006). Benefits on some variables remained at 48 hours.
Conclusion
Both modalities enhanced recovery following fatiguing exercise; however, CC demonstrated superior effectiveness in attenuating fatigue-related impairments, particularly in perfusion, soreness, and muscle function, highlighting its practical advantage over IPCice for MMA athletes.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most encountered spinal deformity in growing children, which may bring significant impacts on patients’ physical function, appearance, and overall quality of life. A physiatrist plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of AIS and longitudinal management through continuous care. Contemporary management for AIS is according to the skeletal maturity, the magnitude of the spinal curves, and the risk of progression. For mild curves, therapeutic exercises, particularly physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSE), are employed as a conservative approach to improve postural symmetry and reduce the risk of curve progression. Bracing is required for moderate curves from 25 to 45 degrees in skeletally immature cases. Strict compliance with bracing is critical for therapeutic success. In cases that are rapidly progressive or in severe curves exceeding 40 to 45 degrees, spinal fusion surgery is considered the definitive treatment. Recent advancements in non-fusion and motion-preserving techniques provide alternative options to traditional fusion surgery. To protect maximal neurological function, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is currently the trend for spinal deformity correction surgery. The care for AIS patients is an individualized, multidisciplinary, patient-centered, growth-sensitive approach, aiming to optimize outcomes and minimize long-term complications. This review outlines a comprehensive rehabilitation-oriented strategy for AIS patients from the perspective of a physiatrist, encompassing clinical assessment, conservative management with observation, therapeutic exercises, bracing, and further considerations in referral to spinal surgery.

Citations

• Evaluating the Effectiveness of sEMG Biofeedback for Posture Training and Scoliosis Management
  Yiu-Hong Wong, Mei-chun Cheung, Qi-Wen Emma Lei, Joanne Yip, Yoel A. Klug
  BioMed Research International.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Interrelationships among 3D spinal alignment variables during active self-correction in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis
  Arkadiusz Żurawski, Sun-Young Ha
  European Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Three-Dimensional Surface Topography for the Assessment of Spinal Alignment: A Cross-Sectional Study of Biomechanical Correlates
  Brigitte Osser, Csongor Toth, Gyongyi Osser, Laura Ioana Bondar, Liliana-Oana Pobirci, Florin Mihai Marcu, Ramona Nicoleta Suciu, Nicoleta Anamaria Pascalau, Adina Mincic, Corina Dalia Toderescu
  Diagnostics.2026; 16(10): 1445.     CrossRef
• Economic evaluation of school scoliosis screening in Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Gansu Province: a cost-utility analysis based on decision tree-Markov model
  Shaobo Yang, Juan Wang, Peiji Miao, Chen Zhang, Jin Huang, Xiaoyun Yuan, Yanxiang Zhang, Xiaohui Dou, Zhenheng Zhang, Zhe Liu, Jianjun Duan, Xueting Xu, Jiantao Wen, Shunjun Cui, Xiaole Zhu
  Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comment on “Automatic radiation-free evaluation of Cobb angle for spinal curvature based on fringe projection profilometry and deep learning technology”
  Y. M. Manu, Suresha Devaraju, B. M. Praveen
  Spine Deformity.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors Associated With Follow-Up Attendance After School Scoliosis Screening: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study
  Takuya Nagai, Syuji Kurogi, Kiyoshi Higa, Shota Amano, Takayuki Matsumoto, Takumi Takahashi, Naosuke Kamei
  Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the temporal and kinematic parameters of hyoid bone excursion (HBE) in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients with and without aspiration.
Methods
Videofluoroscopic swallowing study images from 28 HNC patients were divided into aspiration and non-aspiration groups. The kinematic parameters of HBE, including displacement, instantaneous velocity, and instantaneous acceleration, as well as the timing of reaching maximal values in these parameters, were analyzed.
Results
The timings of reaching maximal horizontal (2.37±1.10 seconds vs. 1.09±1.58 seconds, p=0.010; 0.68±0.28 vs. 0.37±0.26, p=0.010 for percentage of time), vertical (1.83±2.06 seconds vs. 0.86±1.42 seconds, p=0.020) and hypotenuse instantaneous velocities (2.36±1.96 seconds vs. 0.79±1.20 seconds, p=0.006; 0.60±0.33 vs. 0.33±0.24, p=0.028 for percentage of time), as well as the timings of reaching maximal horizontal (2.22±1.50 seconds vs. 0.90±1.26 seconds, p=0.009; 0.60±0.32 vs. 0.37±0.29, p=0.041 for percentage of time), vertical (2.09±1.94 seconds vs. 0.83±1.19 seconds, p=0.003), and hypotenuse instantaneous accelerations (2.49±1.93 seconds vs. 0.81±1.24 seconds, p=0.004; 0.65±0.34 vs. 0.34±0.28, p=0.026 for percentage of time) were significantly prolonged in the aspiration group. After signal smoothing, the aspiration group exhibited delayed timing in reaching maximal horizontal instantaneous velocity (2.07±1.09 seconds vs. 0.74±1.10 seconds, p=0.004; 0.58±0.29 vs. 0.32±0.24, p=0.017 for percentage of time), as well as maximal horizontal (2.18±1.16 seconds vs. 1.12±1.46 seconds, p=0.008) and hypotenuse accelerations (2.21±2.50 seconds vs. 0.81±1.21 seconds, p=0.011). There were no significant between-group differences in other kinematic parameters, except for horizontal displacement (7.66±6.26 mm vs. 12.14±5.82 mm, p=0.042).
Conclusion
The timings of reaching maximal instantaneous velocities and accelerations of HBE, rather than the maximum values of these kinematic parameters, may be critical parameters related to aspiration in HNC patients.

Objective
To investigate muscle tone changes over time in contralateral homonymous muscles when unilateral muscles are stimulated, using F-wave measurements, we examined whether vibratory stimulation on the contralateral homonymous muscle of the affected side may reduce spasticity, whose optimal duration remains unclear.
Methods
Vibratory stimulation was applied to the right hand of healthy adults, using parameters of 80 Hz frequency, 0.4 mm amplitude, 400 g load, and 195 seconds of duration on the abductor digiti minimi muscle. F-wave was measured in the left hand before stimulation, at seven intervals during stimulation, and immediately after.
Results
The F/M amplitude ratio decreased immediately at stimulation onset, at 30 seconds, and at 60 seconds compared to baseline. A least-squares analysis revealed a negative slope from baseline to 60 seconds (f(x)=-0.11x+1.12), while the slope became positive after 90 seconds, continuing after stimulation ended (f(x)=0.04x+0.82).
Conclusion
Unilateral vibratory stimulation may decrease excitability in the spinal anterior horn cells of the contralateral homonymous muscle for up to 75 seconds post-stimulation, suggesting a potential mechanism for spasticity management.

The effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of IMT in enhancing breathing muscle strength, pulmonary function, and quality of life (QoL) among patients with cervical SCI. A search was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases through December 2023. This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Library Handbook. The meta-analysis used mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences to pool the results. The Risk of Bias 2 and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. This systematic review included five randomized controlled trials (202 participants). The results of the meta-analysis showed that IMT significantly improved maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) with MD 12.13 cmH2O (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.22 to 20.03), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) with MD 8.98 cmH2O (95% CI 6.96 to 11.00), and vital capacity (VC) with MD 0.25 L (95% CI 0.21 to 0.28). There were no significant improvements in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and QoL. The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate, owing to bias and heterogeneity. Our results showed that IMT may improve MIP, MEP, and VC, but not FEV1, FVC, or QoL, in patients with cervical SCI. Further large-scale studies are required to determine this effect’s optimal dosage and duration.

Citations

• Rewiring the Lung–CNS Axis After Spinal Cord Injury
  HaiRong Wu, Xiaolong Li, Wenjun Zhao, Yihan Li, Hang Zhang, Heng Yin, Xiaofeng Gu
  Journal of Inflammation Research.2026; Volume 19: 1.     CrossRef
• Effects of whole-body vibration training on sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Jaewon Beom, Jae-Young Lim, Sang Yoon Lee
  Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• RESPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING IN SPORTS AND REHABILITATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
  Martyna Łubianka, Wiktor Słyś
  International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Electrostimulation With the Laparoscopic Implantation of Neuroprosthesis Procedure Combined With Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy on the Functional Rehabilitation of Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Quasirandomized Prospective Contro
  Wellington Contiero, Augusta Ribeiro Morgado, Victor Croos-Bezerra, Cristiano Soares Simões, João Angelo Ferres Brogin, Jean Faber, Nucelio Lemos
  Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Determinants for improving respiratory muscle training after spinal cord injury using real-world clinical data
  Gabi Mueller, Marianne Tanner, Amelie Gruber, Sabrina Alessandri, Claudio Perret, Andreas Limacher
  Spinal Cord.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the effects of modified stepping exercises over six weeks on functional mobility and individual lower extremity muscle strength in community-dwelling older individuals.
Methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial design was conducted in thirty-two older adults who completed a modified stepping exercises program (n=16 for soft-surface stepping exercise; n=16 for firm-surface stepping exercise). These exercises were practiced for 50 minutes/day, three days/week, over six weeks. They were assessed for their functional mobility relating to levels of independence at baseline, after 4 weeks, after 6 weeks of intervention, and at 1 month after the last intervention sessions.
Results
Both groups showed significant improvements in functional mobility, lower extremity muscle strength, and walking speed after 4 and 6 weeks of intervention, as well as at the one-month follow-up. However, the soft-surface stepping exercise group exhibited significantly greater improvements in dynamic balance (p=0.035) and lower extremity muscle strength (p=0.015) compared to the firm-surface stepping exercise group after 6 weeks of intervention. Additionally, the soft-surface group demonstrated superior gains in hip flexor (p=0.041), hip extensor (p=0.047), hip adductor (p=0.026), and hip abductor strength (p=0.046), with these enhancements maintained at the one-month follow-up.
Conclusion
Soft-surface stepping exercise that involves whole-body movements offers a promising alternative to promote independence and safety among community-dwelling older adults. This study underscores the need for future research to evaluate the sustained impact of these benefits post-intervention, particularly during a retention period following the intervention.

Objective
To determine the effectiveness of adding inspiratory muscle training (IMT) alongside a pulmonary rehabilitation protocol in terms of inspiratory muscle strength, lung function, and exercise capacity in burned adults.
Methods
A randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled study. Fifty-two adult patients with burn injuries, more than 20 years old and at least 20% total body surface area, were assigned randomly either to the experimental or the conventional group. The participants in the experimental group were given IMT plus a pulmonary rehabilitation program; the conventional group received only a pulmonary rehabilitation program. The interventions were performed for 8 weeks. At the beginning and after 8 weeks of training, the respiratory muscles’ strength, lung function and exercise capacity were all examined.
Results
After 2 months of training, the experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements than conventional group in maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, 6-minute walk test, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (p<0.05).
Conclusion
An 8-week IMT program coupled with pulmonary rehabilitation increases respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary functions, and functional capacity in burn patients. IMT is a beneficial and efficient therapy that can be easily implemented for burn patients.

Citations

• The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Fatigue Among Burn Patients in Iraq
  Zahraa Fayyadh Abd Hussein Al-Amiri, Alaa Jawad Kadhim, Hadi Ahmadi Chenari, Steven L. Baumann
  Nursing Science Quarterly.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To develop a computerized visuomotor integration system for assessment and training of visual perception impairments and evaluate its safety and feasibility in patients with a stroke. Visual field defects and spatial neglect lead to substantial poststroke impairment. Most diagnostic assessments are anchored in traditional methods, and clinical effects of rehabilitation treatments are limited.
Methods
The CoTras Vision system included two evaluations and four training modules. The evaluation modules were based on the Albert’s test and Star cancellation test, and training modules were based on visual tracking, central-peripheral integration, and visuomotor perception techniques. Bland–Altman plots for agreement with the traditional paper-and-pencil test were performed, and the modified Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Simulator Sickness Questionnaire were conducted.
Results
Ten patients with acute stroke completed the study. Bland–Altman plots revealed good agreements for Albert’s test (mean difference, -0.3±4.5) and Star cancellation test (mean difference, 0.3±0.7). The mean±standard deviation scores of the modified Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, Patient Satisfaction Survey, and Simulator Sickness Questionnaire were 84.7±30.6, 40.5±7.9, and 34.0±34.5 respectively.
Conclusion
The CoTras Vision system is feasible and safe in patients with stroke. Most patients had a high degree of motivation to use the system and did not experience severe adverse events. Further studies are needed to confirm its usefulness in stroke patients with visual field defects and hemineglect symptoms. Furthermore, a large, well-designed, randomized controlled trial will be needed to confirm the treatment effect of the CoTras Vision system.

Citations

• Tablet computer-based cognitive training for visuomotor integration in children with developmental delay: a pilot study
  Jee Hyun Suh, Soo Jeong Han, Sun Ah Choi, Hyesung Yang, Sihyun Park
  BMC Pediatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of light-emitting diode (LED) and their dual-wavelengths as a treatment strategy for osteoarthritis.
Methods
We induced osteoarthritis in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intra-articular injection of sodium iodoacetate into the right rear knee joint. The animals with lesions were divided into an untreated group and an LED-treated group (n=7 each). In the LED-treated group, the lesioned knee was irradiated with lasers (850 and 940 nm) and dose (3.15 J/cm²) for 20 minutes per session, twice a week for 4 weeks. Knee joint tissues were stained and scanned using an in vivo micro-computed tomography (CT) scanner. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Several functional tests (lines crossed, rotational movement, rearing, and latency to remain rotating rod) were performed 24 hours before LED treatment and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment.
Results
LED-treated rats showed improved locomotor function and suppressed matrix-degrading cytokines. Micro-CT images indicated that LED therapy had a preserving effect on cartilage and cortical bone.
Conclusion
LED treatment using wavelengths of 850 and 940 nm resulted in significant functional, anatomical, and histologic improvements without adverse events in a rat model. Further research is required to determine the optimal wavelength, duration, and combination method, which will maximize treatment effectiveness.

Citations

• Effects of Dual Wavelength Photobiomodulation on Osseointegration in Grafted Areas
  Lucas de Sousa Goulart Pereira, Julia Raulino Lima, Elcio Marcantonio, Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares, Suzane Cristina Pigossi, Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes de Oliveira
  Lasers in Surgery and Medicine.2026; 58(5): 429.     CrossRef
• BTEX-K Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis Through Regulating the NF-κB and PPAR-γ Signaling Pathways in Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis Mice
  Joonpyo Hong, Jin-Ho Lee, Ga Young Lee, Jin-Hwan Oh, Hana Lee, Han Sung Kim, Tack-Joong Kim
  Biomedicines.2025; 13(7): 1524.     CrossRef
• Photobiomodulation Literature Watch December 2023
  James D. Carroll
  Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery.2024; 42(10): 660.     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness (DT), and indices of sarcopenia.
Methods
This study included 45 healthy elderly volunteers (21 male and 24 female) aged 65 years or older. Sarcopenia indices, including hand grip strength (HGS) and body mass index-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM/BMI), were measured using a hand grip dynamometer and bioimpedance analysis, respectively. Calf circumference (CC) and gait speed were also measured. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were obtained using a spirometer, as a measure of respiratory muscle strength. DT was evaluated through ultrasonography. The association between indices of sarcopenia, respiratory muscle strength, and DT was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation test, and univariate and multiple regression analysis.
Results
ASM/BMI (r=0.609, p<0.01), CC (r=0.499, p<0.01), HGS (r=0.759, p<0.01), and gait speed (r=0.319, p<0.05) were significantly correlated with DT. In the univariate linear regression analysis, MIP was significantly associated with age (p=0.003), DT (p<0.001), HGS (p=0.002), CC (p=0.013), and gait speed (p=0.026). MEP was significantly associated with sex (p=0.001), BMI (p=0.033), ASM/BMI (p=0.003), DT (p<0.001), HGS (p<0.001), CC (p=0.001) and gait speed (p=0.004). In the multiple linear regression analysis, age (p=0.001), DT (p<0.001), and ASM/BMI (p=0.008) showed significant association with MIP. DT (p<0.001) and gait speed (p=0.050) were associated with MEP.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that respiratory muscle strength is associated with DT and indices of sarcopenia. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.

Citations

• Association between diaphragm thickness and postoperative complications in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
  Shoji Kuriyama, Motoko Konno, Naoko Mori, Sumire Shibano, Shinogu Takashima, Tsubasa Matsuo, Yusuke Sato, Kyoko Nomura, Yoshihiro Minamiya, Kazuhiro Imai
  Surgery Today.2026; 56(3): 293.     CrossRef
• Lumbar paraspinal muscle quality and disability in older adults: insights from the SarcoSpine cohort
  Dong Hyun Kim, Yoon-Hee Choi, JooHee Lee, Sang Yoon Lee
  BMC Geriatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Identifying dynapenia using ventilatory parameters in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: cross-sectional analysis of the FUNNEL+ study
  C. García-Conejo, C. Roldán-Jiménez, M.A. Pérez-Velasco, R. Gómez-Huelgas, L.M. Pérez-Belmonte, A.I. Cuesta-Vargas
  Revista Clínica Española (English Edition).2026; 226(4): 502494.     CrossRef
• Identificación de la dinapenia mediante parámetros ventilatorios en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca con fracción de eyección preservada: análisis transversal del estudio FUNNEL+
  C. García-Conejo, C. Roldán-Jiménez, M.A. Pérez-Velasco, R. Gómez-Huelgas, L.M. Pérez-Belmonte, A.I. Cuesta-Vargas
  Revista Clínica Española.2026; 226(4): 502494.     CrossRef
• Sleep-disordered breathing as a risk factor for sarcopenia in the elderly: a narrative review
  Ahmad Jasem Abdulsalam, Mohammad Abdulsalam, Sulaiman Khadadah, Diaa Shehab, Ahmed S. BaHammam
  Sleep and Breathing.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Identifying key diaphragm ultrasound predictors for early screening of respiratory sarcopenia
  Liulei Wu, Liangliang Qiu, Siyao Gao, Congni Ye, Jie Chen, Jing Xu, Li Kang, Xiang Xu
  Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Role of Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Identifying Sarcopenia in COPD Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Nur Aleyna Yetkin, Sibel Akın, Derya Kocaslan, Burcu Baran, Bilal Rabahoglu, Fatma Sema Oymak, Nuri Tutar, İnci Gulmez
  International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.2025; Volume 20: 1.     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Takahiro Shinohara, Toru Yamada, Shuji Ouchi, Suguru Mabuchi, Ryoichi Hanazawa, Kazuharu Nakagawa, Kanako Yoshimi, Tatsuya Mayama, Ayane Horike, Kenji Toyoshima, Yoshiaki Tamura, Atsushi Araki, Haruka Tohara, Akihiro Hirakawa, Takuma Kimura, Takeshi Ishid
  Diagnostics.2025; 15(1): 90.     CrossRef
• Descriptive Epidemiology and Prognostic Significance of Diaphragm Thickness in the General Population: The Nagahama Study
  Yasuharu Tabara, Takeshi Matsumoto, Kimihiko Murase, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Kazuya Setoh, Tomoko Wakamura, Toyohiro Hirai, Kazuo Chin, Fumihiko Matsuda
  Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Diaphragm thickness and ICU admission risk in elderly COVID-19 patients: a CT-based analysis
  Mercan Tastemur, Cagla Ozdemir, Esin Olcucuoğlu, Gunes Arik, Ihsan Ates, Kamile Silay
  BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Handgrip Strength and Lung Function in Adults: The Role of Sex and Age
  Shiqi Deng, Urme Binte Sayeed, Yukiko Wagatsuma
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of simultaneous aerobic and inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm function, respiratory muscle strength, endurance, and fatigue index: randomized-controlled trial
  Zeliha Çelik, Nevin A. Güzel, Seriyye Allahverdiyeva, Halit Nahit Şendur, Mahi Nur Cerit
  European Journal of Applied Physiology.2025; 125(12): 3769.     CrossRef
• Association between diaphragm excursion and whole-body muscle mass in older adults: an observational study
  Shuji Ouchi, Toru Yamada, Takahiro Shinohara, Suguru Mabuchi, Kazuharu Nakagawa, Kanako Yoshimi, Ayane Horike, Tatsuya Mayama, Kenji Toyoshima, Yoshiaki Tamura, Atsushi Araki, Ryoichi Hanazawa, Akihiro Hirakawa, Hiroyuki Ichige, Takeshi Ishida, Takuma Kim
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Short-term resistance training enhances functional and physiological markers in older women: implications for biomechanical and health interventions in aging
  Mine Akkuş Uçar, Coşkun Yılmaz, Hakan Hüseyin Soylu, Barış Sarıakçalı, Cemalettin Budak, Korhan Kavuran, Mehmet Vakif Durmuşoğlu, Levent Ceylan
  Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Parâmetros de capacidade funcional para predizer desfecho hospitalar em pessoas idosas frágeis
  Fernanda Bueno Pilastri, Nise Ribeiro Marques, Julia Fantim Lopez, Francieli da Silva, Marcelo Tavella Navega
  Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Parameters of physical capacity to predict in-hospital outcome in frailty older adults
  Fernanda Bueno Pilastri, Nise Ribeiro Marques, Julia Fantim Lopez, Francieli da Silva, Marcelo Tavella Navega
  Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Diaphragm Morphology and Function in Neurocritical Care Patients: Uncovering Key Correlations With Respiratory Muscle Strength Under Mechanical Ventilation
  Naiara Kássia Macêdo da Silva Bezerra, Elis Fernanda Araújo Lima de Oliveira, Bárbara Bernardo Figueirêdo, Paulo Adriano Schwingel, Paulo André Freire Magalhães
  Physiotherapy Research International.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sonoelastographic evaluation of diaphragmatic thickness and stiffness in dialysis patients
  Nurullah Dag, Haci Bayram Berktas, Aysun Gunduz Uslu, Veysel Burulday
  BMC Medical Imaging.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Tai Chi combined with Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization on postural control and balance in post-stroke patients with sarcopenia: protocol for a randomised single-blind controlled trial
  Jie Zhuang, Dorota Duhova, Lei Song, Tingting Meng, Mengxue Sun, Zekai Hu, Jue Wang, Junwen Long, Yimin Shen, Yueren Liu, Wenshu Guo, Jin Hu, Fen Rao, Tingting Shi, Xu-chen Tao, Lei Fang
  BMJ Open.2025; 15(10): e107506.     CrossRef
• Waiting is the hardest part: patient, caregiver and clinician perspectives on shaping prehabilitation support strategies in liver transplantation
  Suzanne M Lester, Bronwen Connolly, Brenda O’Neill, Johnny Cash, Roger McCorry, Judy M Bradley
  Frontline Gastroenterology.2025; : flgastro-2025-103374.     CrossRef
• Respiratory Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review
  Tae Sung Park, Hari Ryu, Myung-Jun Shin
  Annals of CardioPulmonary Rehabilitation.2025; 5(2): 23.     CrossRef
• Definition, diagnosis, and treatment of respiratory sarcopenia
  Shinjiro Miyazaki, Akira Tamaki, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Hidenori Arai
  Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care.2024; 27(3): 210.     CrossRef
• Diaphragm Ultrasound in Different Clinical Scenarios: A Review with a Focus on Older Patients
  Carmine Siniscalchi, Antonio Nouvenne, Nicoletta Cerundolo, Tiziana Meschi, Andrea Ticinesi
  Geriatrics.2024; 9(3): 70.     CrossRef
• Appropriate body position and site for diaphragm ultrasound: Comparison with inspiratory mouth pressure
  Kazunori Okada, Akiko Kamiya, Yusuke Yanagi, Masahiro Nakabachi, Yasuhiro Hayashi, Michito Murayama, Sanae Kaga
  WFUMB Ultrasound Open.2024; 2(2): 100052.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of the Functional Reserve and Exercise Tolerance in Patients with CHF in Clinical Trials (Consent Document of the Editorial board of the Journal of Cardiology, the Board of the Society of Specialists in Heart Failure (SSHF) and Working Group “N
  Yu. L. Begrambekova, G. P. Arutynov, M. G. Glezer, N. A. Karanadze, E. A. Kolesnikova, T. A. Lelyavina, A. S. Lishuta, Ya. A. Orlova, Yu. N. Belenkov
  Kardiologiia.2024; 64(7): 4.     CrossRef
• Validating respiratory sarcopenia diagnostic criteria by mortality based on a position paper by four professional organizations: Insights from the Otassha study
  Takeshi Kera, Hisashi Kawai, Manami Ejiri, Keigo Imamura, Hirohiko Hirano, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Kazushige Ihara, Shuichi Obuchi
  Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2024; 24(9): 948.     CrossRef
• Evaluating Respiratory Muscle Strength in Sarcopenia Screening among Older Men in South Korea: A Retrospective Analysis
  Tae Sung Park, Sa-Eun Park, Ki-Hun Kim, Sang Hun Kim, Myung Hun Jang, Myung-Jun Shin, Yun Kyung Jeon
  The World Journal of Men's Health.2024; 42(4): 890.     CrossRef
• Tongue pressure, respiratory muscle and limb strength and functional exercise capacity in oesophageal cancer
  Takuya Fukushima, Makoto Yamasaki, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Yasuaki Arima, Takashi Harino, Soshi Hori, Yuki Hashimoto, Masaya Kotsuka, Kentaro Inoue, Kimitaka Hase, Jiro Nakano
  BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care.2024; 14(4): 434.     CrossRef

Objective
To assess the accuracy of recently commercialized wearable devices in heart rate (HR) measurement during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) under gradual increase in exercise intensity, while wearable devices with HR monitors are reported to be less accurate in different exercise intensities.
Methods
CPX was performed for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Twelve lead electrocardiograph (ECG) was the gold standard and Apple watch 7 (AW7), Galaxy watch 4 (GW4) and Bio Patch Mobicare 200 (MC200) were applied for comparison. Paired absolute difference (PAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were evaluated for each device.
Results
Forty-four participants with CAD were included. All the devices showed MAPE under 2% and ICC above 0.9 in rest, exercise and recovery phases (MC200=0.999, GW4=0.997, AW7=0.998). When comparing exercise and recovery phase, PAD of MC200 and AW7 in recovery phase were significantly bigger than PAD of exercise phase (p<0.05). Although not significant, PAD of GW4 tended to be bigger in recovery phase, too. Also, when stratified by HR 20, ICC of all the devices were highest under HR of 100, and ICC decreased as HR increased. However, except for ICC of GW4 at HR above 160 (=0.867), all ICCs exceeded 0.9 indicating excellent accuracy.
Conclusion
The HR measurement of the devices validated in this study shows a high concordance with the ECG device, so CAD patients may benefit from the devices during high-intensity exercise under conditions where HR is measured reliably.

Citations

• The accuracy of Apple Watch measurements: a living systematic review and meta-analysis
  Rory Lambe, Maximus Baldwin, Ben O’Grady, Moritz Schumann, Brian Caulfield, Cailbhe Doherty
  npj Digital Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Is my smartwatch a valid witness? A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Marcello Sicbaldi, Laura Bartoli, Jose Albites-Sanabria, Ilaria D’Ascanio, Alessandro Silvani, Lorenzo Chiari, Alberto Camon, Luca Palmerini
  Forensic Science International.2026; 384: 112901.     CrossRef
• Safety considerations and adverse events associated with exercise across medical disciplines
  Amin Roshdy Soliman, Gehad Maghraby, Farouk Mostafa Faris, Amany Abouzeid, Rabab Mahmoud Ahmed, Ebtesam Fahmy, Mona Hegazy, Alia A. Saleh, Shereen Abdelghaffar, Inass Shaltout
  The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Heart Rate Estimation Using the Galaxy Watch During Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Cross-Sectional Validation Study
  Allan Inoue, João Paulo Ferreira Soares, Felipe Antunes-Santos, Alexandre Ferreira, Alberto Gonçalves, João Arthur Alcântara, Marcelo Rodrigues dos Santos
  JMIR Cardio.2026; 10: e81917.     CrossRef
• Physiological load estimation in athletes using ECG-derived features and gradient-boosted modeling
  Mei Li, Jichao Xu
  Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparison of heart rate measurement accuracy among commercially available photoplethysmography-based wearable devices across exercise intensities
  Yoonyoung Jeong, Sehwa Yoon, Jaehee Lee, Woo-Min Jeong, Min-Seong Ha
  Physical Activity and Nutrition.2026; 30(2): 142.     CrossRef
• Prognostic Factors for Responders of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation—Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
  Chul Kim, Hee-Eun Choi, Chin Kook Rhee, Jae Ha Lee, Ju Hyun Oh, Jun Hyeong Song
  Healthcare.2025; 13(3): 308.     CrossRef
• Wearable Devices for Exercise Prescription and Physical Activity Monitoring in Patients with Various Cardiovascular Conditions
  Tasuku Terada, Matheus Hausen, Kimberley L. Way, Carley D. O’Neill, Isabela Roque Marçal, Paul Dorian, Jennifer L. Reed
  CJC Open.2025; 7(5): 695.     CrossRef
• Apple watch accuracy in monitoring health metrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Ju-Pil Choe, Minsoo Kang
  Physiological Measurement.2025; 46(4): 04TR01.     CrossRef
• Continuous heart rate measurements in patients with cardiac disease: Device comparison and development of a novel artefact removal procedure
  Paulien Vermunicht, Katsiaryna Makayed, Christophe Buyck, Lieselotte Knaepen, Juan Sebastian Piedrahita Giraldo, Sebastiaan Naessens, Wendy Hens, Emeline Van Craenenbroeck, Kris Laukens, Lien Desteghe, Hein Heidbuchel
  DIGITAL HEALTH.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Evaluating the Accuracy of Low-Cost Wearable Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring
  Tatiana Pereira Filgueiras, Pedro Bertemes-Filho, Fabrício Noveletto
  Micromachines.2025; 16(7): 791.     CrossRef
• Validation of heart rate measured by the consumer-level wearable device Fitbit: a cross-sectional observational study
  Daisuke Higuchi, Yuko Takahashi, Shigeya Tanaka, Yosuke Tomita
  Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2025; 37(11): 561.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of ECG Waveform Accuracy in the CardioBAN Wearable Device: An Initial Analysis
  Inês Escrivães, Diogo Lopes, João L. Vilaça, Leonor Varela-Lema, Pedro Morais
  Applied Sciences.2025; 15(24): 13143.     CrossRef
• Analysis of a Medically Certified, Wrist-Worn Sensor for the Assessment of Heart Rate and Energy Expenditure During Daily Activities in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure or Coronary Artery Disease and Recreational Athletes: Validation Study
  Ignace L J De Lathauwer, Valerie A A van Es, Mayke M C J van Leunen, Steven Onkelinx, Rutger W M Brouwers, Danny A J P van de Sande, Mathias Funk, Hareld M C Kemps
  JMIR Cardio.2025; 9: e69343.     CrossRef
• Validity of Heart Rate Measurement Using Wearable Devices During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Prospective Pilot Validation Study
  Kazufumi Kitagaki, Yuji Hongo, Rie Futai, Takeshi Hasegawa, Hiroshi Morikawa, Hisashi Shimoyama
  JMIR Cardio.2025; 9: e77911.     CrossRef
• The representation of different populations in studies assessing the validity of consumer wearable PPG-based measurements: scoping review (Preprint)
  Rebecca M. Schipper, Fatime Oumar Djibrillah, Meyke Roosink, Laura Winkens, Arlene John, Eric Hazebroek, Annemieke Witteveen, Agnes A.M. Berendsen
  JMIR mHealth and uHealth.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Assessment of Samsung Galaxy Watch4 PPG-Based Heart Rate During Light-to-Vigorous Physical Activities
  Caíque Santos Lima, Felipe Capiteli Bertocco, José Igor Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Thiago Mattos Frota de Souza, Emely Pujólli da Silva, Fernando J. Von Zuben
  IEEE Sensors Letters.2024; 8(7): 1.     CrossRef
• The Accessibility and Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Pandemic Era
  Chul Kim, Jun Hyeong Song, Seung Hyoun Kim
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(4): 249.     CrossRef
• The eTRIMP method for bodybuilding training load assessment: A review with a case study
  Fernandes Haniel
  Annals of Musculoskeletal Medicine.2023; 7(2): 016.     CrossRef
• Recommendations for Measurement of Bodybuilding Internal Training Load by eTRIMP Method
  Haniel Fernandes
  Journal of Sports Medicine and Therapy.2023; 8(4): 051.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the clinical and swallowing characteristics related to respiratory infection in patients with parkinsonism.
Methods
One hundred and forty-two patients with parkinsonism who underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) were enrolled in this study. The initial clinical and VFSS characteristics were compared between patients with and without a history of respiratory infection in the past year. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to identify clinical and swallowing characteristics related to respiratory infections.
Results
Patients with respiratory infections were older (74.75±10.20 years vs. 70.70±8.83 years, p=0.037), had a higher Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage (stage IV–V, 67.9% vs. 49.1%; p=0.047), and were more likely to have a diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) (67.9% vs. 41.2%, p=0.011) than those without respiratory infections. Among VFSS findings, bolus formation, premature bolus loss, oral transit time, pyriform sinus residues, pharyngeal wall coatings, and penetration/aspiration were significantly worse in patients with respiratory infections (p<0.05). Regarding clinical characteristics, higher H&Y stage (odds ratio [OR], 3.174; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.226–8.216; p=0.017) and diagnosis of IPD (OR, 0.280, 95% CI, 0.111–0.706; p=0.007) were significantly related to respiratory infections in the multivariate analysis. Among VFSS findings, pyriform sinus residue (OR, 14.615; 95% CI, 2.257–94.623; p=0.005) and premature bolus loss (OR, 5.151; 95% CI, 1.047–25.338; p=0.044) were also significantly associated with respiratory infection.
Conclusion
This study suggests that disease severity, diagnosis, pyriform sinus residue, and premature bolus loss observed in VFSS are associated with respiratory infection in patients with parkinsonism.

Objective
To assess the impact of a “one-stop”, multi-modal, hospital-associated-home-based prehabilitation model, helmed by a small core team, on newly diagnosed gastrointestinal and urological cancer patients planned for surgery.
Methods
This is a retrospective study in a tertiary public hospital, involving all newly diagnosed gastrointestinal and urological cancer patients planned for surgery. The primary outcome measure was the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Other outcomes included physical, psychological and quality-of-life measures, and patient satisfaction surveys, taken at baseline, pre-operatively (post-prehabilitation), and at 3 months post-operatively.
Results
When comparing the baseline to pre-operatively (post-prehabilitation), there was a statistically significant improvement in the 6MWT (21.52 m, p<0.001), 30-Second Sit to Stand test (STS) (1.08 repetitions, p<0.001), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) (0.83 seconds, p=0.014) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (total score 1.77, p<0.001). These were sustained (6MWT: 0.22, p=0.964; STS: 0.08 repetitions, p=0.863; TUG: 0.04 seconds, p=0.939) or further improved (HADS total score 2.06, p=0.003) at 3 months post-operatively. There was also a statistically significant improvement in the EuroQol-5 dimension health score (health-related quality-of-life measure) from baseline to 3 months post-operatively (7.04 points, p=0.001), with more than 90% overall patient satisfaction reported.
Conclusion
Prehabilitation applied via our model resulted in significant improvements in functional capacity, psychological and quality-of-life outcomes, sustained at 3 months post-operatively, and is a feasible and effective approach that is well-received by our patients.

Citations

• Effects of a functional training prehabilitation program supported by the Prehab® App on functional capacity in preoperative oncological patients
  Monique Messaggi-Sartor, Raquel Sebio Garcia, Marta Amor-Barbosa, David Blanco, Graciela Martinez-Pallí
  Supportive Care in Cancer.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A prototype smartwatch for monitoring dynamic, compound and plyometric exercises in cancer prehabilitation: a development and validation study
  San San Tay, Hanushyah Devi, Shannon Yap, Abbas Bin Zainul Abideen, Xuan Han Koh, Daniel Leong
  Frontiers in Digital Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Integrating Physiatry and Palliative Care in Outpatient Oncology: A Clinical Framework for Bidirectional Referral and Co-Management
  Emmanuel G. Villalpando, Jamie Fertal, Finly Zachariah, Jeannine M. Brant, Jessica T. Cheng
  Current Oncology.2026; 33(7): 387.     CrossRef
• Feasibility, User Acceptance, and Outcomes of Using a Cancer Prehabilitation App for Exercise: Pilot Cohort Study
  Fuquan Zhang, Deepali Bang, Christine Alejandro Visperas, Mon Hnin Tun, San San Tay
  JMIR Formative Research.2025; 9: e64427.     CrossRef
• Participation and Adherence to Prehabilitation Programs for Colorectal Cancer
  Misha Sier, Eva Godina, Omar Mollema, Maud Cox, Thais Tweed, Jan Greve, Jan Stoot
  Nutrients.2025; 17(11): 1792.     CrossRef
• Measures of preoperative anxiety: Part two
  Katarzyna Nowicka-Sauer, Adam Zemła, Dorota Banaszkiewicz, Bartosz G. Trzeciak, Krzysztof Jarmoszewicz
  Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy.2024; 56(1): 9.     CrossRef
• Prevention and treatment of noncognitive complications
  André van Zundert, Stephen P. Gatt, Tom Christophe van Zundert
  Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia.2023; 17(4): 557.     CrossRef

Objective
To define the effect of the inspiratory method and cough timing on peak cough flow (PCF).
Methods
We investigated the effect of measurement conditions on PCF in healthy subjects (n=10). We then compared obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases (n=20) to assess for similar results in respiratory diseases. The PCF was measured under four conditions: before coughing, without maneuver 1 or with maneuver 2 a temporary respiratory pause (4–6 seconds) after rapid inspiration, and without maneuver 3 or with maneuver 4 a temporary respiratory pause after slow inspiration. After the measurements were completed, the PCF between the four conditions was compared for each subject group, and the effect size was calculated.
Results
PCF of maneuvers 1 and 3 were significantly higher than maneuver 4 in healthy subjects (476.34±102.05 L/min and 463.44±107.14 L/min vs. 429.54±116.83 L/min, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) and patients with restrictive pulmonary disease (381.96±145.31 L/min, 354.60±157.36 L/min vs. 296.94±137.49 L/min, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). In obstructive pulmonary disease, maneuver 1 was significantly higher than maneuver 4 (327.42±154.73 L/min vs. 279.48±141.10 L/min, p<0.05). The largest effect sizes were shown by maneuvers 4 and 1.
Conclusion
PCF depends on changes in inspiratory speed before coughing and on temporary respiratory pauses after maximal inspiration. It will become necessary to unify the measurement methods for coughing strength and present appropriate coughing methods.

Citations

• Objective Assessment of the Cough: Listening to the Patient’s Voice. A Narrative Review
  Tai Joon An
  Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2026; 89(2): 193.     CrossRef
• Factors related to pre-operative cough strength in cardiac surgical patients: a cross-sectional study
  Yan Zhang, Zheng Lin, Yuhong Chen, Liang Hong, Xiao Shen
  Heart & Lung.2024; 63: 128.     CrossRef

Objective
To explore the effects of tactile stimulation using air pressure at the auricular branch of the vagus nerve on autonomic activity in healthy individuals.
Methods
Three types of tactile stimulation were used in this study: continuous low-amplitude, continuous high-amplitude, and pulsed airflow. The tactile stimulations were provided to the cymba concha to investigate autonomic activity in 22 healthy participants. The mean heart rate (HR) and parameters of HR variability, including the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) were compared at baseline, stimulation, and recovery periods.
Results
Two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of time on HR (p=0.001), SDNN (p=0.003), and RMSSD (p<0.001). These parameters showed significant differences between baseline and stimulation periods and baseline and recovery periods in the post-hoc analyses. There were no significant differences in the changes induced by stimulation type and the interaction between time and stimulation type for all parameters. One-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that HR, SDNN, and RMSSD did not differ significantly among the three time periods during sham stimulation.
Conclusion
Parasympathetic activity can be enhanced by auricular tactile stimulation using air pressure, targeting the cymba concha. Further studies are warranted to investigate the optimal stimulation parameters for potential clinical significance.

Citations

• Bridging the gap from mechanism to clinic: a translational perspective on taVNS for gastrointestinal disorders
  Jian Cui, Jingxue Zhao, Shuanglin Zhou
  Frontiers in Neuroscience.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of tactile auricular vagus nerve stimulation using heated and humidified airflow on cardiac autonomic activity: a pilot experimental study
  Soohyun Wi, Sungwoo Park, Byung-Mo Oh, Han Gil Seo, Yae Lim Lee, Woo Hyung Lee
  Clinical Autonomic Research.2025; 35(3): 519.     CrossRef
• Auricular neuromodulation may act through interoception modulation
  Frédéric Canini, Damien Claverie, Florence Weill, Christine Pailler, Béatrice Paquier, Mireille Michel-Cherqui, Sonia Pellissier, Marion Trousselard, Emmanuel Sagui
  Brain Research.2025; 1863: 149736.     CrossRef
• Stroking Stimuli to the Ear to Enhance Pleasant and Non-arousing Feelings while Listening to Sounds
  Yuta GOTO, Shogo OKAMOTO
  International Journal of Affective Engineering.2024; 23(3): 251.     CrossRef
• Relaxation Effects of Auricular Vibration Stimuli Synchronized with Music
  Yuta GOTO, Shogo OKAMOTO
  International Symposium on Affective Science and Engineering.2024; ISASE2024: 1.     CrossRef

Objective
To prove the hypothesis that the parameters of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) during will be more deteriorated in neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) than in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
Methods
This retrospective study reviewed the data of 69 patients (NMS=32, AIS=37) who underwent scoliosis surgery under IONM. The amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and the amplitude and the latency of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were examined. Demographic, preoperative, perioperative and postoperative data were analyzed to determine whether they affected the IONM parameters for each group.
Results
Of the items analyzed, the bleeding amount was the only significant risk factor for SEP latency deterioration in the NMS group only. The amplitude of SEP and MEP did not correlate with the hemodynamic parameters. The NMS/AIS ratios of the bleeding-related parameters were higher in the order of bleeding amount/weight (2.62, p<0.01), bleeding amount/body mass index (2.13, p<0.01), and bleeding amount (1.56, p<0.01). This study suggests that SEP latency is more vulnerable than SEP or MEP amplitude in ischemic conditions during scoliosis surgery.
Conclusion
In NMS patients, it should be considered that the bleeding amount can have a critical effect on intraoperative electrophysiological deterioration.

Citations

• Cerebral Perfusion Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Blood Pressure Management in Neurosurgical and Endovascular Aneurysm Interventions
  Shubham Petkar, Vivek Chakole, Roshan Nisal, Vishnu Priya
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Improvement in functional motor scores in patients with non-ambulatory spinal muscle atrophy during Nusinersen treatment in South Korea: a single center study
  Jin A. Yoon, Yuju Jeong, Jiae Lee, Dong Jun Lee, Kyung Nam Lee, Yong Beom Shin
  BMC Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To clarify the profile of cognitive dysfunction and the effects of intensive exercise in spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD).
Methods
We enrolled 60 healthy controls and 16 patients with purely cerebellar type SCD without gait disturbance or organic changes other than cerebellar changes. To assess cognitive function, we evaluated the participants using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese (MoCA-J) at admission and after intensive exercise.
Results
Compared to the controls, SCD patients showed significant cognitive decline. As a result of intensive exercise, significant improvements in motor and cognitive functions were observed: the MMSE score improved from 27.7±1.9 to 29.0±1.3 points (p<0.001); the FAB score improved from 14.8±2.2 to 15.8±2.0 points (p=0.002); and the MoCA-J score improved from 24.6±2.2 to 26.7±1.9 points (p<0.001). For sub-scores, significant improvements were noted in serial 7, lexical fluency, motor series, and delayed recall.
Conclusion
Our study indicates that intensive exercise can be effective not only for motor dysfunction but also for cognitive dysfunction (Clinical Trial Registration No. UMIN-CTR: UMIN000040079).

Citations

• Exercise and cognition in people with degenerative cerebellar ataxia: a narrative review
  Chelsea E. Macpherson, Meghan Bjalme-Evans, Fatima Awad, Sheng-Han Kuo, Lori Quinn
  Neurodegenerative Disease Management.2026; 16(1): 81.     CrossRef
• Home-based Hybrid Assistive Limb Lumbar Type Telerehabilitation in Spinocerebellar Ataxias: A Nonrandomized Open-label Trial
  Yoshiyuki Kishimoto, Shinichiro Yamada, Atsushi Hashizume, Daisuke Ito, Shota Komori, Takahiro Kawase, Ayano Kondo, Yu Mori, Kazuki Obara, Munetaka Yamamoto, Yachiyo Kuwatsuka, Masahiko Ando, Tomokazu Abe, Yoshihiro Yasunaga, Masahisa Katsuno
  The Cerebellum.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To assess the accuracies and validities of popular smart bands for heart rate (HR) measurement in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients during a graded exercise test (GXT).
Methods
Seventy-eight patients were randomly assigned to wear two different smart bands out of three possible choices: Samsung Galaxy Fit 2, Xiaomi Mi Band 5, or Partron PWB-250 on each wrist. A 12-lead exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) and patch-type single-lead ECG were used to assess the comparative HR accuracy of the smart bands. The HR was recorded during the GXT using the modified Bruce protocol.
Results
The concordance correlation coefficients (r_c) were calculated to provide a measure of agreement between each device and the ECG. In all conditions, the Mi Band 5 and Galaxy Fit 2’ correlations were r_c>0.90, while the PWB-250 correlation was r_c=0.58 at rest. When evaluating the accuracy according to the magnitude of HR, all smart bands performed well (r_c>0.90) when the HR was below 100 but accuracy tended to decrease with higher HR values.
Conclusion
This study showed that the three smart bands had a high level of accuracy for HR measurements during low-intensity exercise. However, during moderate-intensity and high-intensity exercise, all the three smart bands performed less accurately. Further studies are needed to find a more optimal smart band for HR measurement that can be used for precise HR monitoring during formal cardiac rehabilitation exercise training, including at high and maximal intensity (Clinical Trial Registration No. cris.nih.go.kr/KCT0007036).

Citations

• Is my smartwatch a valid witness? A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Marcello Sicbaldi, Laura Bartoli, Jose Albites-Sanabria, Ilaria D’Ascanio, Alessandro Silvani, Lorenzo Chiari, Alberto Camon, Luca Palmerini
  Forensic Science International.2026; 384: 112901.     CrossRef
• Psychological and physiological moderators of perceived exertion in aerobics: a repeated-measures study
  Xiaoxue Gao, Jincheng Zhao, Tongkai Zhao, Yong-Gwan Song, Yuyao Zhi, Xinyi He
  Frontiers in Psychology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Validation of the Use of a Smart Band in Recording Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in the 6-Minute Walk Test
  Rosa María Ortiz-Gutiérrez, José Javier López-Marcos, José Luis Maté-Muñoz, Paloma Moreta-de-Esteban, Patricia Martín-Casas
  Sensors.2025; 25(8): 2621.     CrossRef
• Validity of Heart Rate Measurement Using Wearable Devices During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Prospective Pilot Validation Study
  Kazufumi Kitagaki, Yuji Hongo, Rie Futai, Takeshi Hasegawa, Hiroshi Morikawa, Hisashi Shimoyama
  JMIR Cardio.2025; 9: e77911.     CrossRef
• İŞE BAĞLI DİNLENME SÜRELERİNİN MAKİNE ÖĞRENMESİ İLE TAHMİN EDİLMESİ
  Melis Türksever, Emin Kahya, N. Fırat Özkan
  Endüstri Mühendisliği.2025; 36(3): 367.     CrossRef
• The Accessibility and Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Pandemic Era
  Chul Kim, Jun Hyeong Song, Seung Hyoun Kim
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(4): 249.     CrossRef
• An Evaluation of the Effect of App-Based Exercise Prescription Using Reinforcement Learning on Satisfaction and Exercise Intensity: Randomized Crossover Trial
  Cailbhe Doherty, Rory Lambe, Ben O’Grady, Diarmuid O’Reilly-Morgan, Barry Smyth, Aonghus Lawlor, Neil Hurley, Elias Tragos
  JMIR mHealth and uHealth.2024; 12: e49443.     CrossRef
• Women’s Involvement in Steady Exercise (WISE): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
  Irene Ferrando-Terradez, Lirios Dueñas, Ivana Parčina, Nemanja Ćopić, Svetlana Petronijević, Gianfranco Beltrami, Fabio Pezzoni, Constanza San Martín-Valenzuela, Maarten Gijssel, Stefano Moliterni, Panagiotis Papageorgiou, Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
  Healthcare.2023; 11(9): 1279.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the association of trunk fat and muscle composition, lumbar disc space narrowing, and low back pain in middle-aged farmers.
Methods
Fat and muscle areas were identified using standard Hounsfield unit ranges for adipose tissue and skeletal muscle with computed tomography images at the mid-L4 vertebral level. Trunk fat mass, muscle mass, and fat/muscle mass ratio were calculated. Low back pain was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The L4/5-disc space and low back pain were also assessed.
Results
Male had a higher total trunk, back, psoas, and abdominal muscle mass, and visceral fat; female had a higher subcutaneous fat mass and fat/muscle ratio. Pearson correlation coefficients with ODI for waist circumference, total fat mass, visceral fat mass, and fat/muscle ratio were all significant in female; only the fat/muscle ratio was significant in male. Pearson correlation coefficients with L4/5-disc space narrowing grades for visceral fat mass, total, back, and psoas muscle mass, and fat/muscle ratio, were all significant in female; total and back muscle mass, and fat/muscle ratio in male.
Conclusion
There were significant relationships between: fat indicators with low back pain; trunk muscle mass with lumbar disc degeneration; and fat/muscle ratio with both lumbar disc degeneration and low back pain. The fat/muscle ratio may be a useful index for low back pain.

Citations

• Causal associations between abdominal obesity, dietary patterns, and intervertebral disc degeneration: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study with clinical validation
  YiTing Wang, JiaoYi Pan, ZhongHao Dai, BaiTong Zhao, XingYong Mao, GuoYu Ling, ZiTong Zhang, ZeZhong Liu, Xu Wang, Bing Xu
  Frontiers in Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Lumbar paraspinal muscle quality and disability in older adults: insights from the SarcoSpine cohort
  Dong Hyun Kim, Yoon-Hee Choi, JooHee Lee, Sang Yoon Lee
  BMC Geriatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Associations of dietary factors and early-life agricultural occupational background with body composition among older adults with type 2 diabetes in suburban Chengdu: A cross-sectional study
  Jinjie Song, Jinfeng Gao, Yangyang Yan, Li Zhong, Xue Wang, Ximin Mou, Xiaoping Yu
  Medicine.2026; 105(27): e49534.     CrossRef
• Analysis of influencing factors and predictive performance of lumbar disc herniation in elderly patients with osteoporosis
  Zheng Gong, Kun Shi, Weiwei Meng, Yinjuan Tang, Zhipeng Song, Shaohua Chen, Shunchao Liu, Jiyang Zhu, Jun Zhuang, Wencheng Ye, Xiaonan Liu
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between a body shape index and low back pain: a cross-sectional study highlighting gender-specific differences in NHANES data
  Shiwei Xie, Heng Xiao, Gengwu Li, Jigen Zheng, Fan Zhang, Yuping Lan, Mingwei Luo
  BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Biomechanical changes in females with poly cystic ovarian syndrome: a case–control study
  Eman E. Kamal, Hamada A. Hamada, Reda Sayed Ashour, Amel M. Yousef, Rovan M. Elbesh
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the Relationship Between Low Back Pain, Physical Activity, Posture, and Body Composition in Older Women
  Barbara Rosolek, Dan Iulian Alexe, Krystyna Gawlik, Elena Adelina Panaet, Ilie Mihai, Bogdan Alexandru Antohe, Anna Zwierzchowska
  Healthcare.2025; 13(9): 1054.     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Trunk Muscle Thickness, Disability, and Pain in Middle and Old Aged Patients With Low Back Pain
  Ruchi Basista, Deepika Singla, Abhinav Jain
  Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.2025; 24(1-4): 318.     CrossRef
• Association of Body Mass Index and Central Obesity with Spinopelvic Alignment Parameters in a Chinese Population: A Prospective Study
  Hao Qi, Zenghui Zhao, Feiyu Zu, Chenxi Wang, Chenchen Wang, Zuzhuo Zhang, Xiaonan Tian, Dan Su, Zhaoxuan Wang, Rui Xue, Zhiyong Hou, Wei Chen, Di Zhang
  World Neurosurgery.2024; 189: e153.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Intraabdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Volume and Muscle Volume on Lumbar Vertebrae Degeneration
  Rabia Mihriban Kilinc, Fatih İlker Can
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fat Hounsfield Unit Reference Interval Derived through an Indirect Method
  Marian Pop, Marius Mărușteri
  Diagnostics.2023; 13(11): 1913.     CrossRef
• Relationships Between Skeletal Muscle Mass, Lumbar Lordosis, and Chronic Low Back Pain in the Elderly
  Myung Woo Park, Sang Jun Park, Sun Gun Chung
  Neurospine.2023; 20(3): 959.     CrossRef
• Back Extensor Strength as a Potential Marker of Frailty Using Propensity Score Matching and Machine Learning
  Taewook Kim, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park, Eun Kyoung Kang, Sora Baek
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(19): 6156.     CrossRef
• Comprehensive Physical Work Capacity Evaluations for Korean Farmers Assessed in Healthy Volunteers
  Seungsu Jeong, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park, Sora Baek
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 468.     CrossRef
• The Relationship Between Low Back Pain and Sagittal Spinal Alignment and Back Muscle Mass in Korean Fishery Workers
  Minjung Kook, Insuh Kim, Jeongyeon Seo, Hyundong Kim, Heesung Nam, Nami Han
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 459.     CrossRef

Objective
To compare the predicted and actual maximal heart rate (HRmax) values in the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).
Methods
We retrospectively investigated 1,060 patients who underwent a CPET between January 2016 and April 2020 at our institution’s cardiopulmonary rehabilitation center. The following patients were included: those aged >20 years, those tested with a treadmill, and those who underwent symptom-limited maximum exercise testing— reaching ≥85% of the predicted HRmax (62% if taking beta-blockers) and highest respiratory exchange ratio ≥1.1. Ultimately, 827 patients were included in this study. Data on diagnosis, history of taking beta-blockers, age, body mass index (BMI), and CPET parameters were collected. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age, betablockers, BMI (low <18.5 kg/m², normal, and high ≥25 kg/m²), and risk classification.
Results
There was a significant difference between the actual HRmax and the predicted value (p<0.001). Betablocker administration resulted in a significant difference in the actual HRmax (p<0.001). There were significant differences in the moderate-to-high-risk and low-risk groups and the normal BMI and high BMI groups (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the elderly and younger groups. We suggest new formulae for HRmax of cardiopulmonary patients: estimated HRmax=183-0.76×age (the beta-blocker group) and etimated HRmax=210-0.91×age (the non-beta-blocker group).
Conclusion
Age-predicted HRmax was significantly different from the actual HRmax of patients with cardiopulmonary disease, especially in the beta-blocker group. For participants with high BMI and moderate-tosevere risk, the actual HRmax was significantly lower than the predicted HRmax.

Citations

• MITO-VATION: Feasibility of a technology-supported structured home exercise program in Mitochondrial Disease
  Jeremey Thomas Horne, Natalie E. Allen, Serene S. Paul, Judith Walker, Carolyn Sue, Hisham Al-Obaidi
  PLOS Digital Health.2026; 5(2): e0001257.     CrossRef
• Diagnosing chronotropic incompetence: a scoping review of current approaches and their application in a cardiac rehabilitation cohort
  Margot Vermeiren, Nore Primus, Kato Heyns, Véronique Cornelissen, Rik Willems, Tim Van Puyvelde, Joris Ector, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Peter Sinnaeve
  European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Alterations in submaximal cardiopulmonary indicators in CVD patients participating in APBCRE—a comprehensive CPET-based study
  Yukun Liang, Mei Ma
  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prognostic Factors for Responders of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation—Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
  Chul Kim, Hee-Eun Choi, Chin Kook Rhee, Jae Ha Lee, Ju Hyun Oh, Jun Hyeong Song
  Healthcare.2025; 13(3): 308.     CrossRef
• Free-Living Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Based on Accelerometry Versus Heart Rate in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
  Joona Neuvonen, Timo Aittokoski, Timo Rantalainen, Jukka Lipponen, Lotta Palmberg, Soren Brage, Tomas I. Gonzales, Erja Portegijs, Taina Rantanen, Laura Karavirta
  Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Validity Study of the Age-Predicted Maximum Heart Rate Equations in Athletes
  祥昊 付
  Advances in Clinical Medicine.2025; 15(07): 152.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of a digital lifestyle intervention on health-related QUAlity of life in non-small cell LUng CAncer survivors following inpatient rehabilitation: protocol of the QUALUCA Swiss multicentre randomised controlled trial
  Manuel Weber, Anja Maria Raab, Kai-Uwe Schmitt, Gilbert Büsching, Thimo Marcin, Marc Spielmanns, Milo Alan Puhan, Anja Frei
  BMJ Open.2024; 14(3): e081397.     CrossRef
• High-intensity interval training improves bone remodeling, lipid profile, and physical function in multiple sclerosis patients
  Alessandra Amato, Patrizia Proia, Anna Alioto, Carlo Rossi, Andrea Pagliaro, Paolo Ragonese, Giuseppe Schirò, Giuseppe Salemi, Rosalia Caldarella, Sonya Vasto, Robert Nowak, Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak, Giuseppe Musumeci, Sara Baldassano
  Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between short-term exposure to high-level particulate matter (PM1 , PM2.5, and PM10) of smoke Peganum harmala seeds with blood pressure: A quasi-experimental study
  Yadolah Fakhri, Ibrahim Ziad Abdullah, Ayham Issam Qasem Al-issa, Elham Rahmanzadeh, Somayeh Hoseinvandtabar, Somayyeh Dehghani, Mahdi Ghorbanian, Amin Ghanbarnejad
  Environmental Health Engineering and Management.2024; 11(4): 419.     CrossRef
• Exergaming in older adults: the effects of game characteristics on brain activity and physical activity
  Helen Müller, Jochen Baumeister, Ellen Marie Bardal, Beatrix Vereijken, Nina Skjæret-Maroni
  Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To utilize pulmonary function parameters as predictive factors for dysphagia in individuals with cervical spinal cord injuries (CSCIs).
Methods
Medical records of 78 individuals with CSCIs were retrospectively reviewed. The pulmonary function was evaluated using spirometry and peak flow meter, whereas the swallowing function was assessed using a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. Participants were divided into the non-penetration-aspiration group (score 1 on the Penetration-Aspiration Scale [PAS]) and penetration-aspiration group (scores 2–8 on the PAS). Individuals with pharyngeal residue grade scores >1 were included in the pharyngeal residue group.
Results
The mean age was significantly higher in the penetration-aspiration and pharyngeal residue groups. In this study, individuals with clinical features, such as advanced age, history of tracheostomy, anterior surgical approach, and higher neurological level of injury, had significantly more penetration-aspiration or pharyngeal residue. Individuals in the penetration-aspiration group had significantly lower peak cough flow (PCF) levels. Individuals in the pharyngeal residue group had a significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of PCF and FEV1 on the PAS, the cutoff value was 140 L/min and 37.5% of the predicted value, respectively.
Conclusion
Low PCF and FEV1 values may predict the risk of dysphagia in individuals with CSCIs. In these individuals, active evaluation of swallowing is recommended to confirm dysphagia.

Citations

• Clinical Predictors of Dysphagia in Acute and Subacute Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Observational Study
  Yong Beom Shin, Jin A Yoon, Byeong Ju Lee, Myung Hun Jang, Hyuk Jin Choi, Sang Hun Kim
  Dysphagia.2026; 41(1): 149.     CrossRef
• Association Between Oral and Pharyngeal Functions in Patients in Medical‐Dental Cooperation at an Acute Hospital
  Ryo Tagaino, Kana Saijo, Naru Shiraishi, Takamasa Komiyama, Kuniyuki Izumita, Takuma Hisaoka, Ai Hirano, Jun Ota, Yukio Katori, Toru Ogawa, Keiichi Sasaki, Nobuhiro Yoda, Hiroshi Egusa, Shigeto Koyama
  Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2026; 53(7): 1296.     CrossRef
• Methods of diagnosis and rehabilitation of dysphagia in patients with spinal cord injury: a systematic review
  Roberta ZUPO, Beatrice POGGI, Nicole CAGGIANO, Giulio VARRONE, Fabio CASTELLANA, Silvia NATOLI, Rodolfo SARDONE, Antonio NARDONE, Chiara PAVESE
  European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pulmonary function and sarcopenia as predictors of dysphagia in cervical spinal cord injury
  Su Ji Lee, Ji Cheol Shin
  Spinal Cord.2024; 62(1): 42.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of clinical factors predicting dysphagia in patients with traumatic and non-traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: a retrospective study
  Jin-Woo Choi, Dae Yeong Kim, Sun Young Joo, Donghwi Park, Min Cheol Chang
  Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Coordination Between Respiration and Swallowing in Patients With Dysphagia After Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: An Observational Case–Control Study
  Xuluan Xu, Qingsu Zhang, Yongqi Xie, Degang Yang, Feng Gao, Yongxue Yuan, Yu Zhang, Jianjun Li
  American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology.2024; 33(5): 2572.     CrossRef
• Flujo máximo de tos y evaluación de la deglución: Una revisión de literatura
  Amalia Nanjarí R , María del Carmen Campos
  Revista Científica Signos Fónicos.2024; 10(1): 7.     CrossRef
• Voluntary Cough Testing as a Clinical Indicator of Airway Protection in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
  Laura Pitts, Valerie K. Hamilton, Erin A. Walaszek, Stephanie Watts, Leora R. Cherney
  The Laryngoscope.2023; 133(6): 1434.     CrossRef
• Association between Anterior Surgical Approach and Dysphagia Severity in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
  Min Cheol Chang, Dae Yeong Kim, Jin-Woo Choi, Ho Yong Choi, Jin-Sung Park, Donghwi Park
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(9): 3227.     CrossRef
• Successful Continuation of Oral Intake in a Dysphagic and Tetraplegic Patient With Alternate Right and Left Complete Lateral Decubitus Positions in Rehabilitation
  Yoshinori Maki, Mayumi Takagawa, Akio Goda, Junichi Katsura, Ken Yanagibashi
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Laryngeal and swallow dysregulation following acute cervical spinal cord injury
  Teresa Pitts, Kimberly E. Iceman, Alyssa Huff, M. Nicholas Musselwhite, Michael L. Frazure, Kellyanna C. Young, Clinton L. Greene, Dena R. Howland
  Journal of Neurophysiology.2022; 128(2): 405.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the relationship between voluntary peak cough flow (PCF), oropharyngeal dysphagia, and pneumonia in patients who were evaluated with videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS).
Methods
Patients who underwent both VFSS and PCF measurement on the same day were enrolled retrospectively (n=821). Pneumonia (n=138) and control (n=683) groups were assigned based on presence of pneumonia within 1 month from the date of VFSS assessment. In addition, sex, age (<65 and ≥65 years), preceding conditions, modified Barthel Index (MBI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), PCF value (<160, ≥160 and <270, and ≥270 L/min), and presence of aspiration/penetration on VFSS were reviewed.
Results
Pneumonia group was more likely to be male (n=108; 78.3%), ≥65 years (n=121; 87.7%), with neurodegenerative (n=25; 18.1%) or other miscellaneous diseases (n=50; 36.2%), and in poor functional level with lower value of MBI (39.1±26.59). However, MMSE was not significantly different in comparison to that of the control group. The pneumonia group was also more likely to have dysphagia (82.6%) and lower value of PCF (<160 L/min, 70.3%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, male sex (odd ratio [OR]=6.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.70–16.26), other miscellaneous diseases as preceding conditions (OR=2.52; 95% CI, 1.14–5.58), dysphagia (OR=3.82; 95% CI, 1.42–10.23), and PCF <160 L/min (OR=14.34; 95% CI, 1.84–111.60) were factors significantly related with pneumonia.
Conclusion
Impaired swallowing and coughing function showed an independent association with the development of pneumonia. Patients with PCF <160 L/min require more attention with lung care and should be encouraged with voluntary coughing strategy to prevent possible pulmonary complications.

Citations

• Peak cough flow and diaphragmatic excursion during coughing in stroke patients with tracheostomy: a cross-sectional study
  Dan Li, Pengfei Yao, Juan Wang, Yulong Wang
  Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation.2026; 33(5): 542.     CrossRef
• Voluntary peak cough flow: A simple and effective tool to predict dysphagia across diverse etiologies
  Hakan Gölaç, Güzide Atalık, Adnan Gülaçtı, Ebru Şansal, Banu Tijen Ceylan, Metin Yılmaz
  European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2026; 283(3): 1869.     CrossRef
• Identifying the association between post-extubation laryngeal edema and aspiration in acute respiratory failure patients
  Lucas DM, Peterson R, Rieck J, Owusu M, McNally E, Scheel R, Cavanagh P, Langmore S, Kearney A, Levitt J, Siner J, Vojnik R, Warner H, Sakharkar M, Liu W, Rubio A, Moss M, Krisciunas GP
  European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2026; 283(4): 2551.     CrossRef
• Age better discriminates early dysphagia than cough function, respiratory muscle strength, or trunk control after mild stroke
  Monique Messaggi-Sartor, Anna Guillén-Solà, David Blanco, Ester Marco
  International Journal of Rehabilitation Research.2026; 49(2): 108.     CrossRef
• Bone Turnover Markers as Biomarkers of Cough Dysfunction and Respiratory Risk in Subacute Ischemic Stroke
  Ki-Hyeok Ku, Seung Don Yoo, Dong Hwan Kim, Seung Ah Lee, Sung Joon Chung, Jinkyeong Park, Sae Rom Kim, Eo Jin Park
  Diagnostics.2026; 16(7): 1008.     CrossRef
• Predictors of Pneumonia in Patients With Penetration-Aspirations Detected on Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing
  Raviv Allon, Elad Babayof, Yonatan Lahav, Yael Shapira-Galitz
  Dysphagia.2025; 40(5): 1205.     CrossRef
• The Effect of a Complex Breathing Training Program on Pulmonary Function and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
  Dong-Yeon Kang
  Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2025; 20(2): 127.     CrossRef
• Prognostic value of cough force measured by peak expiratory flow in a 4-year longitudinal cohort study of geriatric patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia
  Kiril Stoev, Rainer Wirth, Bendix Labeit, Paul Muhle, Sonja Suntrup-Krueger, Rainer Dziewas, Gero Lueg, Ulrike Sonja Trampisch, Maryam Pourhassan
  Frontiers in Aging.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Classifying neurogenic dysphagia as a movement disorder
  Corinne A Jones, Maggie-Lee Huckabee, Georgia A Malandraki, David Paydarfar
  Brain.2025; 148(10): 3456.     CrossRef
• Does Cough Peak Flow Hold the Key to Safer Swallowing Assessments in Acute Brain Injury?
  Fabiana Nery Ribeiro Oliveira, Fernando de Aguiar Lemos, Thaís Ferreira Lopes Diniz Maia, Maria Deborah Monteiro de Albuquerque, Armèle Dornelas de Andrade, Paulo André Freire Magalhães, Yujie Chen
  International Journal of Clinical Practice.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sound‐based cough peak flow estimation in patients with neuromuscular disorders
  Bernat Bertran Recasens, Ana Balañá Corberó, Juana María Martínez Llorens, Anna Guillen‐Sola, Montserrat Villatoro Moreno, Greta García Escobar, Yasutaka Umayahara, Zu Soh, Toshio Tsuji, Miguel Ángel Rubio
  Muscle & Nerve.2024; 69(2): 213.     CrossRef
• Differences in cough strength, respiratory function, and physical performance in older adults with and without low swallowing function in the repetitive saliva swallowing test
  Hideo Kaneko, Akari Suzuki, Yoshiharu Nagai, Jun Horie
  Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2024; 36(5): 273.     CrossRef
• Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Cough Strength in Older People With Frailty: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
  Tatsuya Morishita, Shusuke Toyama, Kazuaki Suyama, Fumiya Nagata, Masatoshi Itaki, Takako Tanaka, Shuntaro Sato, Yuji Ishimatsu, Terumitsu Sawai, Ryo Kozu
  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2024; 105(11): 2062.     CrossRef
• Effects of Home-Based Daily Respiratory Muscle Training on Swallowing Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Stroke: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
  Mónica Zapata-Soria, Irene Cabrera-Martos, Alejandro Heredia-Ciuró, Esther Prados-Román, Javier Martín-Nuñez, Marie Carmen Valenza
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(18): 5547.     CrossRef
• Flujo máximo de tos y evaluación de la deglución: Una revisión de literatura
  Amalia Nanjarí R , María del Carmen Campos
  Revista Científica Signos Fónicos.2024; 10(1): 7.     CrossRef
• Metabolic and ventilatory changes during postural change from the supine position to the reclining position in bedridden older patients
  Yoji Yamada, Yuji Mitani, Akio Yamamoto, Kazumo Miura, Kanji Yamada, Yukari Oki, Yutaro Oki, Yasumichi Maejima, Yoko Kurumatani, Akira Ishikawa
  Medicine.2023; 102(10): e33250.     CrossRef
• Correlation Between Articulatory Diadochokinetic Parameters and Dysphagia Parameters in Subacute Stroke Patients
  Back Min Oh, Hyun Seok, Sang-Hyun Kim, Seung Yeol Lee, Su Jung Park, Beom Jin Kim, Hyun Jung Kim
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(3): 192.     CrossRef
• Deterioration of Cough, Respiratory, and Vocal Cord Functions in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy
  Takashi Asakawa, Mieko Ogino, Naomi Tominaga, Naoto Ozaki, Jin Kubo, Wataru Kakuda
  Neurology International.2023; 15(4): 1227.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine the effects of an integrated training device for strength and balance on extremity muscle strength, postural balance, and cognition in older adults using a combination with various rehabilitation training games, in which balance, strength, and cognitive training were configured in a single device.
Methods
This prospective study included 20 healthy participants aged 65–85 years. Participants trained for 30 minutes daily, 3 days weekly, for 6 weeks with an integrated training device for strength and balance (SBT-120; Man&Tel Inc., Gumi, Korea). Main outcomes were measured using the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Manual Muscle Test. Measurements were taken at three time points: T0 (pretreatment), T1 (immediately after treatment), and T2 (4 weeks after treatment).
Results
All 20 patients completed the training, and TUG, FRT, and BBS scores significantly improved at T1 and T2 compared to T0. Mean TUG scores decreased by 0.99±2.00 at T1 and 1.05±1.55 at T2 compared to T0. Mean FRT scores increased by 6.13±4.26 at T1 and 6.75±4.79 at T2 compared to T0. BBS scores increased by 0.60±0.94 at T1 and 0.45±1.15 at T2 compared to T0. Moreover, muscle strength and cognition (K-MMSE and K-MoCA scores) increased after training.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that an integrated training device for strength and balance can be a safe and useful tool for older adults.

Citations

• Effects of Comprehensive Activity Training Program on Cognitive and Physical Abilities Among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment
  Chutima Thongwachira, Teeranut Harnirattisai, Diana Morris
  The Journal of Behavioral Science.2025; 20(1): 30.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate whether lumbar lordosis (LL) and lumbar segmental lordosis (LSL) are related to sex, age, low back pain (LBP), and lumbar disc space narrowing (DSN).
Methods
A total of 569 farmers were recruited. In lateral spine radiograph, LL (L1–L5) and LSL (L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5) were measured using Cobb’s method. The differences in LSL values (ΔLSL) according to the presence or absence of a DSN were calculated as LSL_DSN – LSL_noDSN for each DSN level.
Results
In male, the lateral spine radiograph showed significantly greater L4-LSL and L5-LSL and smaller L1-LSL and L2-LSL compared to female. LLs in the 50–59 and ≥60 years age groups were significantly smaller compared to those in the <50 years age group. In subjects with LBP, LL and L4-LSL were significantly smaller than in those without. The ΔLSLs at the disc level with DSN showed the greatest decrease: L1-ΔLSL (Δ-3.99°), L2-ΔLSL (Δ-3.31°), L3-ΔLSL (Δ-2.87°), L4-ΔLSL (Δ-3.31°), and L5-ΔLSL (Δ-4.44°) in L1/2, L2/3, L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 DSN, respectively. Conversely, distant ΔLSLs were inversely increased: L1-LSL (Δ0.75°) with L4/5 DSN and L2-LSL (Δ0.94°) with L5/S1 DSN.
Conclusion
Sagittal plane alignment was significantly associated with sex, age, LBP, and DSN. LSLs around the levels of DSN were decreased, and there was compensational increase of LSL distant to the DSN to maintain the overall LL.

Citations

• Segmental asymmetry and multiplanar motion of the lumbar spine: Cadaveric insights into spinal pathologies
  Asghar Rezaei, Alexander Hooke, Babak Dashtdar, Areonna Schreiber, Abdelrahman M. Hamouda, Kai-Nan An, Benjamin Elder, Kenton Kaufman, Lichun Lu
  Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials.2026; 173: 107230.     CrossRef
• Minimally invasive biportal endoscopic spinal surgery for central canal stenosis in low-grade degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: clinical outcomes and implications: a retrospective observational study
  Wongthawat Liawrungrueang, Ho-Jin Lee, Sang Bum Kim, Sang Hyeok Lee, Sang Shin Lee, Ju-Eun Kim
  Asian Spine Journal.2025; 19(2): 242.     CrossRef
• MRI study on the influence of lumbosacral vertebral body and disc factors on lumbar lordosis in children
  Hong Ren, Nan Lin, Peng Zhao, Huizhi Han, Hui Zhao, Lianxiang Xiao, Mimi Tian, Xiangtao Lin
  European Spine Journal.2024; 33(12): 4449.     CrossRef
• Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korean Farmers: Survey on Occupational Diseases in 2020 and 2022
  Jinheum Kim, Kanwoo Youn, Jinwoo Park
  Healthcare.2024; 12(20): 2026.     CrossRef
• Imaging observation of intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with old thoracolumbar fracture-related kyphotic deformity
  Xi-long Cui, Ao Ding, Wen Yin, Wan-mei Yang, Wei Zhang, Hao Wu, Ji-shi Jiang, Yun-lei Zhai, Zi-kai Hua, Hai-yang Yu
  Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association Between Ergonomic Burden Assessed Using 20-Item Agricultural Work-Related Ergonomic Risk Questionnaire and Shoulder, Low Back, and Leg Pain in Korean Farmers
  Sora Baek, Jintae Park, Eun Kyoung Kang, Gowun Kim, Hyocher Kim, Hee-Won Park
  Journal of Agromedicine.2023; 28(3): 532.     CrossRef
• The Relationship Between Low Back Pain and Sagittal Spinal Alignment and Back Muscle Mass in Korean Fishery Workers
  Minjung Kook, Insuh Kim, Jeongyeon Seo, Hyundong Kim, Heesung Nam, Nami Han
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 459.     CrossRef

To determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength (RMS), and functional capacity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated patients who underwent cardiac surgery were included in this review. Meta-analysis performed using a random-effects model showed that the mean difference in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, 6-minute walk distance, and RMS was 3.47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 6.36), 5.80% (95% CI, 2.03 to 9.56), 78.05 m (95% CI, 60.92 to 95.18), and 4.8 cmH₂O (95% CI, -4.00 to 13.4), respectively. There is strong evidence that IMT improves inspiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and functional capacity, and reduces the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Citations

• Effect of Breathing Exercises to Prevent Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Pilot Study
  Chao Li, Cuiyuan Huo, Hongli Li, Ruitian Ding, Ping Zhang
  Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nursing Care Across the Clinical Continuum of TAVI: A Systematic Review of Multidisciplinary Roles
  Anna Jendrzejczak, Jadwiga Klukow, Joanna Czerwik-Marcinkowska, Wojciech Styk, Szymon Zmorzynski
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(13): 4535.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Pursed Lip Breathing Exercises on Patients' Post‐Bronchoscopy Recovery Parameters: A Nurse‐Led Quasi‐Experimental Study
  Rasha Abdulhalim Alqadi, Azza Ibrahim Abdelkader Habiba, Hanaa Hamad Mohamed El Sayed Akl, Engy AbdelRhman Khamis, Daniel Joseph E. Berdida
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Inspiratory Muscle Training Improved Cardiorespiratory Performance in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Chitima Kulchanarat, Suphannee Choeirod, Supattra Thadatheerapat, Dusarkorn Piathip, Opas Satdhabudha, Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat
  Advances in Respiratory Medicine.2025; 93(3): 10.     CrossRef
• Benefits of Cardiac Rehabilitation: Mechanisms to Restore Function and Clinical Impact
  Abdulla A. Damluji, Corey R. Tomczak, Stephanie Hiser, Deirdre E. O’Neill, Parag Goyal, Quinn R. Pack, Stephen J. Foulkes, Todd M. Brown, Mark J. Haykowsky, Dale M. Needham, Daniel E. Forman
  Circulation Research.2025; 137(2): 255.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Active Cycle of Breathing Technique in Improving Physiological and Functional Outcomes Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Narrative Review
  Arnengsih Nazir
  Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2025; Volume 18: 5431.     CrossRef
• Effects of Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Cardiomyopathy: Systematic Review
  Hanifa Suleman, Zohaib Shahid, Muhammad Naveed Babur, Abdul Wadood, Khizar Abid, Muhammad Ali Khan, Asna Waseem
  The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences.2025; 5(1): 233.     CrossRef
• Respiratory therapy with positive expiratory pressure in patients after left ventricle geometric reconstruction
  Maksim L. Mamalyga, Mikhail M. Alshibaya, Mark A. Zatenko, Sergey A. Danilov, Gela G. Getsadze, Sergey L. Babak
  RUDN Journal of Medicine.2025; 29(2): 162.     CrossRef
• Respiratory Muscle Training Combinations in Amateur Runners: A Randomized Trial of Pulmonary Function, Respiratory Muscle Strength, and Exercise Capacity
  Eunho Lee, Jinseop Kim
  Bioengineering.2025; 13(1): 11.     CrossRef
• Can resistance prehabilitation training bring additional benefits in valvular cardiac surgery? protocol for a randomized controlled trial
  Jorge Montero-Cámara, Francisco José Ferrer-Sargues, María José Segrera Rovira, Adrián Sarria Cabello, David Cuesta Peredo, Juan Antonio Margarit Calabuig, Noemí Valtueña-Gimeno, María Luz Sánchez-Sánchez, Robert Jeenchen Chen
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(5): e0303163.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of improving coordination abilities after cardiac surgery: a review
  Natalya V. Arkhipova, Svetlana A. Pomeshkina, Evgeniy V. Bykov
  Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 23(3): 52.     CrossRef
• Inspiratory Muscle Training in Phase 1 and 2 Postoperative Cardiac Rehabilitation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
  Clênia Oliveira Araújo, Carla Cristina Araújo Alves, Francisco R A dos Santos, Lawrence P Cahalin, Graziella França Bernardelli Cipriano, Gerson Cipriano
  Physical Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery
  Linqi Fang, Anqi Cheng, Zhaohua Zhu, Mengming Shao, Guoai Wang
  Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention.2024; 44(5): 324.     CrossRef
• Effects of preoperative respiratory muscle training for improvement of postoperative health related quality of life in mitral valve replacement patients
  Umama Umar, Ahad Hussain, Komal Tariq
  Physiotherapy Research International.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Benefits from Implementing Low- to High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review
  Aphrodite Evangelodimou, Irini Patsaki, Alexandros Andrikopoulos, Foteini Chatzivasiloglou, Stavros Dimopoulos
  Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2024; 11(12): 380.     CrossRef
• The impact of threshold-loaded inspiratory muscle training and respiratory biofeedback on preserving inspiratory muscle strength and vital capacity after CABG: a randomized clinical trial
  Bahareh Mehregan-Far
  American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease.2024; 14(6): 375.     CrossRef
• Distinguishing science from pseudoscience in commercial respiratory interventions: an evidence-based guide for health and exercise professionals
  Camilla R. Illidi, Lee M. Romer, Michael A. Johnson, Neil C. Williams, Harry B. Rossiter, Richard Casaburi, Nicholas B. Tiller
  European Journal of Applied Physiology.2023; 123(8): 1599.     CrossRef
• Inspiratory Muscle and Functional Performance of Patients Entering Cardiac Rehabilitation after Cardiac Valve Replacement
  Sabine Gempel, Meryl Cohen, Eryn Milian, Melany Vidret, Andrew Smith, Ian Jones, Yessenia Orozco, Neva Kirk-Sanchez, Lawrence P. Cahalin
  Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2023; 10(4): 142.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Effects of Liuzijue Exercise and Conventional Respiratory Training on Patients after Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Qiao-li Zhang, Min Ge, Cheng Chen, Fu-dong Fan, Yan Jin, Ning Zhang, Lei Wang
  Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine.2023; 29(7): 579.     CrossRef
• Inspiratory muscle training to reduce risk of pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yuping Xiang, Qin Zhao, Tinahui Luo, Ling Zeng
  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on pre- and post-operative transcatheter aortic valve replacement prognoses
  Jieru Zou, Jie Yuan, Jingjin Liu, Qingshan Geng
  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) on Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Sisi Zhang, Bo Li, Xiaoping Meng, Houjuan Zuo, Dayi Hu
  Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Resistance exercise for cardiac rehabilitation
  Danielle L. Kirkman, Duck-chul Lee, Salvatore Carbone
  Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases.2022; 70: 66.     CrossRef
• Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Different Musculoskeletal Disorders
  E. D. Bazdyrev, N. A. Terentyeva, N. A. Galimova, K. E. Krivoshapova, O. L. Barbarash
  Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology.2022; 18(4): 393.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the combined effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and integrated neuromuscular inhibition (INI) on myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius.
Methods
Sixty subjects aged 18–24 years old with active myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius were studied. Participants were assigned randomly to either group A who received ESWT one session/week, group B who received INI three sessions/week, or group C who received ESWT in addition to INI. All groups completed 4 weeks of intervention. The following main outcome measures were evaluated at baseline and after 4 weeks of intervention: pain intensity, functional disability, pressure pain threshold (PPT), sympathetic skin response (SSR), and neuromuscular junction response (NMJR).
Results
Within-group analysis revealed a significant decline in visual analog scale (VAS), Arabic neck disability index (ANDI), and NMJR and incline in PPT and SSR latency post-intervention (p<0.001). Multiple comparison analysis showed a substantial difference between the groups, while the major changes favored group C (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Combined treatment with ESWT and INI for treating myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius is more effective than using only one of the two approaches in terms of clinical, functional, and neurophysiological aspects.

Citations

• Effect of integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique on subjects with neck pain and forward head posture: a randomized controlled trial
  Rania Reffat Ali, Somaya Nady Mohamed Elsayed, Ragia Mohamed Kamel, Ebtisam Mohamed Fahmy, Hend Ahmed Hamdy
  Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy.2025; 33(5): 401.     CrossRef
• Electrostatic electricity of wool fabrics as a novel therapeutic approach for neuropathic pain relief
  Hussien S. A. Meabed, Rehab Elanwar, Hanan Hosny, Marwa A. Elgaly, Manal M. Gaber, T. A. Aya Ewais, Mohamed Fareed Mehleb, Reem M. Sabry
  The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Therapeutic effect of focused-extracorporeal shockwave therapy on muscular and adjacent tissue stiffness and pain changes in myofascial pain syndrome: A randomized controlled trial study
  Pijakkana Vasvit, Kultida Klarod, Oranat Sukkho, Sirirat Kiatkulanusorn, Phurichaya Werasirirat, Xue-Qiang Wang, Yong-Hui Zhang, Juntip Namsawang, Pornpimol Muanjai, Nongnuch Luangpon
  Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2025; 92: 103203.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Versus Postisometric Relaxation Technique on Rhomboid Latent Myofascial Trigger Points: A Randomized Clinical Trial
  Aliaa M. Elabd, Omar M. Elabd, Waleed T. Mansour, Radwa F. Hammam
  Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics.2025; 48(1-5): 214.     CrossRef
• The State of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Myofascial Pain Syndrome—A Scoping Review and a Call for Standardized Protocols
  Hannes Müller-Ehrenberg, Jacopo Bonavita, Yunfeng Sun, Carla Stecco, Federico Giordani
  Life.2025; 15(10): 1501.     CrossRef
• Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave on Upper Trapezius Trigger Points in Patients With Cervicogenic Headache
  Radwa F. Hammam, Ahmed M. Alshimy, Omar M. Elabd, Aliaa M. Elabd
  American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2024; 103(11): 1000.     CrossRef
• Effect of ischemic compressions versus extracorporeal shockwave therapy on myofascial trigger points: A protocol of a randomized controlled trial
  Melissa Nahomi Kuroda, Guilherme Thomaz de Aquino Nava, Caroline Baldini Prudencio, Daiane Affonso Paulo, Isadora Peixouto, Maiki Yoshi Moroshima, Mariana de Almeida Lourenço, Caroline Nogueira da Silva, Angélica Mércia Pascon Barbosa, Cristiane Rodrigues
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(3): e0283337.     CrossRef
• Water therapies (hydrotherapy, balneotherapy or aqua therapy) for patients with cancer: a systematic review
  Maren Reger, Sabine Kutschan, Maren Freuding, Thorsten Schmidt, Lena Josfeld, Jutta Huebner
  Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2022; 148(6): 1277.     CrossRef
• Does shockwave therapy have a role on trigger thumb?—a single-case design
  Pankaj Verma, Deepak Kumar Pradhan, Sandeep Singh
  Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Immediate effect of shock wave versus muscle energy technique in cases of quadratus lumborum myofascial pain
  Hessa Al Shehhi, Mouza Lootah, Ibrahim Moustafa, Tamer Shousha
  Fizjoterapia Polska.2022; 22(4): 148.     CrossRef
• Usefulness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Myofascial Pain Syndrome
  Chang Han Lee, Shi-Uk Lee
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(4): 261.     CrossRef

Objective
To examine whether patients who participated in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program after hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome maintained cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the community.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study including 78 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery at our hospital’s cardiovascular center and participated in a CR program and a 5-year follow-up evaluation. Patients were divided into a center-based CR (CBCR) group, participating in an electrocardiography-monitored exercise training in a hospital setting, and a home-based CR (HBCR) group, receiving aerobic exercise training and performed self-exercise at home.
Results
No significant differences were found between groups (p>0.05), except the proportion of non-smokers (CBCR 59.5% vs. HBCR 31.7%; p=0.01). In both groups, the maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) increased significantly during the first 12 weeks of follow-up and remained at a steady state for the first year, but it decreased after the 1-year follow-up. Particularly, VO_2max at 5 years decreased below the baseline value in the HBCR group. In the low CRF group, the CRF level significantly improved at 12 weeks, peaked at 1 year, and was still significantly different from the baseline value after 5 years. The high CRF group did not show any significant increase over time relative to the baseline value, but most patients in the high CRF group maintained relatively appropriate CRF levels after 5 years.
Conclusion
Continuous support should be provided to patients to maintain optimal CRF levels after completing a CR program.

Citations

• 12-Month Outcomes for Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: Experience from the Veteran Affairs
  Kariann R. Drwal, Bonnie J. Wakefield, Adrienne Wagenblast, Delanie Hurst, Bjarni Haraldsson, Ramzi N. El Accaoui
  Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention.2026; 46(1): 44.     CrossRef
• Change in exercise capacity, physical activity and motivation for physical activity at 12 months after a cardiac rehabilitation program in coronary heart disease patients: a prospective, monocentric and observational study
  Paul Da Ros Vettoretto, Anne-Armelle Bouffart, Youna Gourronc, Anne-Charlotte Baron, Marie Gaume, Florian Congnard, Bénédicte Noury-Desvaux, Pierre-Yves de Müllenheim
  PeerJ.2025; 13: e18885.     CrossRef
• The effectiveness of mindful walking based on the timing it right framework in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure
  Qin Lu, Jingjing Lu, Yeping Zheng, Juanqin Shen, Xia Zhao, Jianjiang Xu, Xiaoping Gu, Zhenliang Chu
  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Accessibility and Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Pandemic Era
  Chul Kim, Jun Hyeong Song, Seung Hyoun Kim
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(4): 249.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Cardiovascular Risk Factors Management
  Chul Kim, Seok Hyeon Lee
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(4): 272.     CrossRef
• Fact Sheet on Cardiac Rehabilitation for Cardiovascular Disease in South Korea
  Ki-Hong Kim, Jae-Young Han
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(5): 318.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the correlation between videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and radionuclide salivagram findings in chronic brain-injured patients with dysphagia.
Methods
Medical records of chronic brain-injured patients who underwent radionuclide salivagram and VFSS were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to salivagram findings. Differences in patient characteristics and clinical factors, including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC), feeding method, tracheostomy state, and VFSS findings between the two groups were investigated.
Results
A total of 124 patients were included in this study. There were no significant differences in MMSE, MBI, FAC, feeding method, and presence of tracheostomy between the two groups. However, the incidence of aspiration pneumonia history was significantly higher in the positive salivagram group. The Functional Dysphagia Scale (FDS) was significantly associated with positive salivagram findings, especially in the pharyngeal phase. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that laryngeal elevation and epiglottic closure was statistically significant FDS parameter in predicting salivary aspiration on a salivagram (odds ratio=1.100; 95% confidence interval, 1.017–1.190; p=0.018). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of FDS in the pharyngeal phase showed that an optimum sensitivity and specificity of 55.1% and 65.4%, respectively, when the cut-off value was 39.
Conclusion
In chronic brain-injured patients, inappropriate laryngeal elevation and epiglottic closure is predictive variable for salivary aspiration. Therefore, performing a radionuclide salivagram in patients with FDS of 39 or less in the pharyngeal phase for prevents aspiration pneumonia from salivary aspiration.

Citations

• Correlation Between Clinical Characteristics and Radionuclide Salivagram Findings in Infants With Congenital Laryngeal Developmental Anomalies
  Yun Liu, Xue Wang, Li-bo Wang, Xin-rong Sun
  Journal of Voice.2025; 39(6): 1597.     CrossRef
• Understanding the Drooling Evaluation
  Kyoung-chul Min, Sang-min Seo, Hee-soon Woo
  Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2022; 12(2): 85.     CrossRef

Objective
To identify the variables of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) that are useful for predicting the risk of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients with dysphagia.
Methods
A total of 251 patients (aged 65 years or more) were included and divided into a pneumonia group (n=133) and a non-pneumonia group (n=118). The pneumonia group included patients who had been diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia, and individuals in the non-pneumonia group did not have pneumonia but were referred for VFSS. The medical records and results of VFSS were reviewed and compared between the groups retrospectively.
Results
The pneumonia group exhibited a male preponderance and a higher 8-point Penetration-Aspiration Scale (8PPAS) score. The mean values of 8PPAS score for swallowing thick liquid and rice porridge was significantly higher in the pneumonia group. The pharyngeal delay time (PDT) and pharyngeal transit time (PTT) were significantly longer in the pneumonia group. The amounts of vallecular and pyriform sinus residue were increased in the pneumonia group. The delay in swallowing reflex and the decrease in laryngeal elevation were more frequently observed in the pneumonia group. Among those variables, PDT and PTT were identified as significant predictors of aspiration pneumonia based on logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion
The present study delineated the findings of VFSS, suggesting an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients with dysphagia. The results demonstrate that prolonged PDT and PTT are significant predictors of aspiration pneumonia.

Citations

• Clinical Predictors of Dysphagia in Acute and Subacute Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Observational Study
  Yong Beom Shin, Jin A Yoon, Byeong Ju Lee, Myung Hun Jang, Hyuk Jin Choi, Sang Hun Kim
  Dysphagia.2026; 41(1): 149.     CrossRef
• Pneumonia in frail older adults: from diagnosis to optimized management
  Kosaku Komiya, Yuki Yoshimatsu, Akihiko Hagiwara, Ryohei Kudoh, Hisayuki Shuto, Izumi Yamatani, Akihiko Goto
  Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy.2026; 32(2): 102914.     CrossRef
• Association Between Findings on Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies and Pneumonia Onset in Residents of Elderly Care Facilities
  Takafumi Yamano, Ryusei Nuita, Kensuke Kawamoto, Fumitaka Omori, Kaori Wada, Miho Tanaka
  Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Assessing the Performance and Reliability of Deep Learning Autosegmentation in Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
  Wei-Kai Chuang, Bing-Fong Lin, Yu-Hao Lee, Po-Hsun Su, Yung-Shuo Kao, Chia-Feng Lu
  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Lactoferrin–chitosan composite hydrogel: a dysphagia-oriented carrier for sustained ergothioneine delivery
  Ziang Tian, Ling Liu, Hanyuan Luo, Xiaojuan Lei, Jichun Zhao, Lin Lei, Zhigang Xu, Kaihong Zeng, Jian Ming
  Food Research International.2026; 237: 119228.     CrossRef
• Clinical Profile of Outpatients Undergoing Swallowing Evaluation and Its Association with Pneumonia History: A Videofluoroscopic Study
  Ayşe Kübra Söyler, Numan Demir, Selen Serel Arslan, Inci Nur Saltik-Temizel, Ömer Faruk Yaşaroğlu, Hasan Erkan Kilinç, Aynur Ayşe Karaduman
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(8): 2990.     CrossRef
• Association Between Masticatory Difficulty and Chronic Cough in a Korean Population
  Chang Wan Kim, Tae Sic Lee, Chun Sung Byun, Yon Chul Park
  International Dental Journal.2025; 75(2): 496.     CrossRef
• Research on Intelligent Diagnosis Method of Swallowing Signal Based on Complex Electrical Impedance Myography
  Xu Chu, Shaoshuai Yu, Fu Zhang, Yuxiang Yang, Letian Fu, Qi Liu
  IEEE Sensors Journal.2025; 25(4): 5969.     CrossRef
• The Brain Lesion Affecting Dysphagia in Patient with Supratentorial Stroke
  Jeon-Woong Kang, Seong-Hoon Lim, Dae-Hyun Jang, Min-Wook Kim, Jaewon Kim
  NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal.2025; 56(3): 340.     CrossRef
• Predictors of Pneumonia in Patients With Penetration-Aspirations Detected on Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing
  Raviv Allon, Elad Babayof, Yonatan Lahav, Yael Shapira-Galitz
  Dysphagia.2025; 40(5): 1205.     CrossRef
• Collaboration Between Acute Care Hospitals and Nursing Homes for Dysphagia Management: A Comparative Study of Patients With and Without Pneumonia-Related Hospitalization
  Takafumi Yamano, Shoichi Kimura, Fumitaka Omori, Kaori Wada, Miho Tanaka, Takashi Tsutsumi
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparison of Geniohyoid Muscle Morphology Assessment Using Conventional and Handheld Ultrasound Devices
  Tetsuo Ota, Mai Sano, Mitsugu Yoneda
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Multi-Center Validation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Video Analysis Platform for Automatic Evaluation of Swallowing Disorders
  Chang-Won Jeong, Dong-Wook Lim, Si-Hyeong Noh, Hee-Kyung Moon, Chul Park, Nayeon Ko, Min-Su Kim
  Diagnostics.2025; 16(1): 45.     CrossRef
• Comparison of swallowing dynamics between jelly and thickened liquid commonly used for swallowing training in Japan
  Mineka Yoshikawa, Jun Kayashita, Masahiro Nakamori, Toshikazu Nagasaki, Shin Masuda, Mitsuyoshi Yoshida
  Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Tongue pressure during swallowing is an independent risk factor for aspiration pneumonia in middle‐aged and older hospitalized patients: An observational study
  Yen‐Chin Chen, En‐Ni Ku, Che‐Wei Lin, Pei‐Fang Tsai, Jiun‐Ling Wang, Yu‐Fen Yen, Nai‐Ying Ko, Wen‐Chieh Ko, Nan‐Yao Lee
  Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2024; 24(S1): 351.     CrossRef
• Swallowing dysfunction between the community-living older adults with and without comorbid conditions using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROM)
  Himanshu Verma, Sourabh Kumar, Atul Sharma, Roshani Mishra, Banumathy Nagamani
  Geriatric Nursing.2024; 56: 64.     CrossRef
• Contribution of Wireless Wi-Fi Intraoral Cameras to the Assessment of Swallowing Safety and Efficiency
  José Vergara, Anna Miles, Juliana Lopes de Moraes, Carlos Takahiro Chone
  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.2024; 67(3): 821.     CrossRef
• Oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing in removable complete denture wearers
  Marina Rodrigues Montaldi, Cláudia Helena Lovato da Silva, Adriana Barbosa Ribeiro, Camila Borba de Araujo, Caroline Vieira Fortes, Roberto Oliveira Dantas
  RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Short-term cortical activation changes associated with postural compensation in swallowing
  Kelsey L. Murray, Seng Mun Wong, Erin Kamarunas
  Experimental Brain Research.2024; 242(11): 2623.     CrossRef
• Quantitative prediction of aspiration risk in head and neck cancer patients treated with radiation therapy
  Hannah C. Liu, Casey W. Williamson, Jingjing Zou, Jacob R. Todd, Tyler J. Nelson, Lindsay M. Hill, Kristen E. Linnemeyer, Gerald Henderson, Puja Madgula, Brian Faung, Assuntina G. Sacco, Lucas K. Vitzthum, Philip A. Weissbrod, Liza S. Blumenfeld, Loren K.
  Oral Oncology.2023; 136: 106247.     CrossRef
• Correlation Between Articulatory Diadochokinetic Parameters and Dysphagia Parameters in Subacute Stroke Patients
  Back Min Oh, Hyun Seok, Sang-Hyun Kim, Seung Yeol Lee, Su Jung Park, Beom Jin Kim, Hyun Jung Kim
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(3): 192.     CrossRef
• Effects of Carbonated Thickened Drinks on Pharyngeal Swallowing with a Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing in Older Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
  Motoyoshi Morishita, Masahiko Okubo, Tatsuro Sekine
  Healthcare.2022; 10(9): 1769.     CrossRef
• Aspiration pneumonia after cerebrovascular stroke: a comparison between patients with and without dysphagia
  N. A. Moulaei, N Ramroodi, S. M. N. A. Tabatabaie, H. A. Danesh, H. A. Khazaie
  Anesteziologie a intenzivní medicína.2022; 33(3-4): 148.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate differences in the relative sizes of the ankle-stabilizing muscles in individuals with versus without flexible flat feet and to determine predictors of symptom severity.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 30 patients with symptomatic flexible flat feet and 24 normal controls. The following were evaluated: foot posture index, resting calcaneal stance position angle, radiographic findings (calcaneal pitch, Meary’s angle, talocalcaneal angle, talonavicular coverage angle [TNCA]), foot function index (FFI), and cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the tibialis anterior (TA), tibialis posterior (TP), and peroneus longus (PL) upon ultrasonographic examination. To address morphometric differences among participants, individual muscle measurements were normalized to proportions of total muscle CSA. Between-group differences were evaluated with independent t-tests. Correlations between muscle ratios, radiographic parameters, and FFI scores were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which parameters predicted severe symptoms.
Results
The relative size of the TP was significantly greater and those of the TA and PL were significantly smaller in patients with flat feet than in normal controls. Correlations were found among relative muscle CSA ratios, radiographic parameters, and FFI score. Linear regression analysis confirmed that the TNCA and the relative CSA of the PL were independent predictors of symptom severity.
Conclusion
This study found significant differences in the relative CSAs of the ankle muscles in patients with flexible flat feet versus individuals without flat feet; these differences were significantly correlated with anatomic abnormalities. Symptoms were more severe in patients with relatively greater forefoot abduction and relatively smaller PL.

Citations

• Plantar pressures in symptomatic and asymptomatic flexible flatfeet: how do they differ?
  Victoria Blackwood, Kelly A. Jeans, Rusty L. Hartman, Kirsten Tulchin-Francis, Jacob R. Zide, Anthony I. Riccio
  Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B.2026; 35(3): 250.     CrossRef
• Does severity of the flatfoot deformity affect pain and mobility in adolescents with symptomatic flatfoot
  Matthew William, Daniel E. Pereira, Beltran Torres-Izquierdo, Claire Schaibley, Pooya Hosseinzadeh
  Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B.2025; 34(2): 189.     CrossRef
• 정상발 및 평발 집단의 발목관절 토크 및 만성발목불안정증(CAI)의 특성 차이
  석경 안, 상근 조, 승재 김
  The Korean Journal of Physical Education.2024; 63(5): 339.     CrossRef
• Relation of Flatfoot Severity with Flexibility and Isometric Strength of the Foot and Trunk Extensors in Children
  Min Hwan Kim, Sangha Cha, Jae Eun Choi, Minsoo Jeon, Ja Young Choi, Shin-Seung Yang
  Children.2022; 10(1): 19.     CrossRef
• Effect of Foot Orthoses in Children With Symptomatic Flexible Flatfoot Based on Ultrasonography of the Ankle Invertor and Evertor Muscles
  Dong Joon Cho, So Young Ahn, Soo-Kyung Bok
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(6): 459.     CrossRef
• Biomechanical Evidence From Ultrasonography Supports Rigid Foot Orthoses in Children With Flatfoot
  Joon-Ho Shin
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(6): 411.     CrossRef

Objective
To compare the convenience and effectiveness of the existing lumbosacral orthoses (LSO) (classic LSO and Cybertech) and a newly developed LSO (V-LSO) by analyzing postoperative data.
Methods
This prospective cohort study was performed from May 2019 to November 2019 and enrolled and analyzed 88 patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease scheduled for elective lumbar surgery. Three types of LSO that were provided according to the time of patient registration were applied for 6 weeks. Patients were randomized into the classic LSO group (n=31), Cybertech group (n=26), and V-LSO group (n=31). All patients were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) preoperatively and underwent plain lumbar radiography (anteroposterior and lateral views) 10 days postoperatively. Lumbar lordosis (LS angle) and frontal imbalance were measured with and without LSO. At the sixth postoperative week, a follow-up assessment with the ODI and orthosis questionnaire was conducted.
Results
No significant differences were found among the three groups in terms of the LS angle, frontal imbalance, ODI, and orthosis questionnaire results. When the change in the LS angle and frontal imbalance toward the reference value was defined as a positive change with and without LSO, the rate of positive change was significantly different in the V-LSO group (LS angle: 41.94% vs. 61.54% vs. 83.87%; p=0.003).
Conclusion
The newly developed LSO showed no difference regarding its effectiveness and compliance when compared with the existing LSO, but it was more effective in correcting lumbar lordosis.

Citations

• Bracing and Activity Restriction After Lumbar Discectomy Surgery: An International Survey of AO Spine Members
  Waeel O. Hamouda, Stipe Ćorluka, Sathish Muthu, Luca Ambrosio, Carla Cunha, Stjepan Ivandic, Mohamed A.R. Soliman, Fabrizio Russo, Sibylle Grad, In Ho Han, Gianluca Vadala, Hans-Jorg Meisel, Sam K. Cho, Tim S. Yoon, Jeffrey C. Wang, Amit Jain, Zorica Buse
  Neurospine.2026; 23(1): 109.     CrossRef
• Spine Bracing: When to Utilize—A Narrative Review
  John L. Cerillo, Alexander N. Becsey, Chai P. Sanghadia, Kevin T. Root, Brandon Lucke-Wold
  Biomechanics.2023; 3(1): 136.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine the patterns of tracheostomy cuff pressure changes with various air inflation amounts in different types of tracheostomy tubes to obtain basic data for appropriately managing longterm tracheostomy.
Methods
We performed tracheostomy on a 46-year-old male cadaver. Three types of tracheostomy tubes (single-cuffed, double-cuffed, and adjustable flange), divided into 8 different subtypes based on internal tube diameters and cuff diameters, were inserted into the cadaver. Air was inflated into the cuff, and starting with 1 mL air, the cuff pressure was subsequently measured using a manometer.
Results
For the 7.5 mm/14 mm tracheostomy tube, cuff inflation with 3 mL of air yielded a cuff pressure within the recommended range of 20–30 cmH₂O. The 7.5 mm/24 mm tracheostomy tube showed adequate cuff pressure at 5 mL of air inflation. Similar values were observed for the 8.0 mm/16 mm and 8.0 mm/27 mm tubes. Double-cuffed tracheostomy cuff pressures (7.5 mm/20 mm and 8.0 mm/20 mm tubes) at 3 mL air inflation had cuff pressures of 18–20 cmH₂O at both the proximal and distal sites. For the adjustable flange tracheostomy tube, cuff pressure at 6 mL of cuff air inflation was within the recommended range. Maximal cuff pressure was achieved at inflation with almost 14 mL of air, unlike other tube types.
Conclusion
Various types of tracheostomy tubes showed different cuff pressures after inflation. These values might aid in developing guidelines For patients who undergo tracheostomy and are discharged home without cuff pressure manometers, this standard might be helpful to develop guidelines.

Citations

• Tracheotomy
  Daniel Gorelik, Yixuan James Zheng, Franklin Wu, Ran A. Wang
  Medical Clinics of North America.2026; 110(1): 103.     CrossRef
• Tracheostomy-associated bleeding: prevention, recognition, and management of a potentially fatal complication
  Cen-Hung Lin, Hang-Tsung Liu, Ching-Hua Hsieh
  Postgraduate Medical Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Rethinking tracheostomy care: cuffless tubes for patients with aspiration
  Bettina Arca-Tschudi, Ludwig D. Schelosky, Paul Diesener, Svetlana Politz Geleva, Karsten Krakow
  Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fluid-Filled Tracheal Tube Cuffs: Implications for Speech, Sealing, and Safety
  Thomas C. Blakeman
  Respiratory Care.2025; 70(7): 930.     CrossRef
• Impact of Low‐Volume, Low‐Pressure Tracheostomy Cuffs on Acute Mucosal Injury in Swine
  Alexandra J. Berges, Ioan A. Lina, Rafael Ospino, Hsiu‐Wen Tsai, Dacheng Ding, Jessica M. Izzi, Alexander T. Hillel
  Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.2022; 167(4): 716.     CrossRef

Objective
To verify the pharyngeal width at rest as a measurement that could be used to assess changes in the degree of dysphagia over time in stroke patients.
Methods
In a cohort of stroke patients, we performed serial measurements of the pharyngeal width at the midpoints of the second (C2) and third (C3) cervical vertebral bodies using lateral neck X-rays while the patients were at rest. The JOSCYL width, a parameter named after the first initial of each developers’ surname and defined as the average value of the upper and lower pharyngeal widths, was used to formulate the JOSCYL scale, which was calculated as the JOSCYL width × 100/neck circumference. All patients also underwent serial videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs). The Spearman correlation analysis was used to detect correlations between the serial VFSS results, JOSCYL widths, and JOSCYL scale values.
Results
Over time, we observed significant positive and negative correlations of change in the JOSCYL width and scale with changes in the Penetration-Aspiration Scale and the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale scores, respectively.
Conclusion
The JOSCYL width and JOSCYL scale clearly reflected changes in dysphagia in stroke patients over time. These parameters may provide an easier method for evaluating whether post-stroke dysphagia has been alleviated.

Citations

• Pharyngeal Structure and Dysphagia in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders
  Eunjee Lee, Gyu Jin Kim, Hyewon Ryu, Kwang-Ik Jung, Woo-Kyoung Yoo, Suk Hoon Ohn
  Dysphagia.2024; 39(3): 468.     CrossRef
• Prediction of Pharyngeal 3D Volume Using 2D Lateral Area Measurements During Swallowing
  Howell Henrian G. Bayona, Yoko Inamoto, Eichii Saitoh, Keiko Aihara, Masanao Kobayashi, Yohei Otaka
  Dysphagia.2024; 39(5): 783.     CrossRef
• The influence of pharyngeal width on post-stroke laryngeal aspiration
  Wonil Kang, Jane Chung, Jeongeun Lee, Kwang-Ik Jung, Woo-Kyoung Yoo, Suk Hoon Ohn
  NeuroRehabilitation.2021; 49(3): 435.     CrossRef

Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (FSS) is a rare distal arthrogryposis syndrome. There are few reports on the respiratory insufficiency of FSS. Additionally, there is no detailed information on pulmonary functional evaluation. A 17-year-old male patient with FSS developed respiratory failure, leading him to be admitted to hospital several times for evaluation and treatment. Of those times he was admitted, two were due to pneumonia. His pulmonary functions were indicative of a restrictive lung disease potentially caused by severe scoliosis. After a non-invasive ventilatorwas applied correctly to the patient, pulmonary hypertension was normalized. His pulmonary function has been maintained for 13 years. Since receiving proper respiratory care, which includes assisted coughing methods, the patient has not developed pneumonia. It is important to properly evaluate the pulmonary function of patients who have FSS and scoliosis to eliminate the risk of long-term respiratory complications.

Citations

• Management of Respiratory Failure in ARSACS Using Non-Invasive Ventilation: A Case Report
  Hee Jae Park, Jihyun Kwon, Han Eol Cho
  Annals of CardioPulmonary Rehabilitation.2025; 5(1): 11.     CrossRef
• Letter: Precise Pulmonary Function Evaluation and Management of a Patient With Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome Associated With Recurrent Pneumonia and Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency (Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44:165-70)
  Mikaela I. Poling, Craig R. Dufresne
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2020; 44(5): 409.     CrossRef
• Response: Precise Pulmonary Function Evaluation and Management of a Patient With Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome Associated With Recurrent Pneumonia and Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency (Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44:165-70)
  Jihyun Park, Seong-Woong Kang, Won Ah Choi, Yewon Lee, Han Eol Cho
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2020; 44(5): 411.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the differences of spinal curvature, thoracic sagittal mobility, and respiratory strength between patients with chronic neck pain (CNP) and people without cervical pain, and to determine the correlation between respiratory strength and thoracic mobility in CNP patients.
Methods
A total of 78 participants were finally included in this study, of whom 30 had no cervical pain and 48 had CNP. The Neck Disability Index (NDI), cervical lordotic curvature, thoracic kyphotic curvature, thoracic sagittal range of motion (ROM), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured and analyzed.
Results
In males, thoracic sagittal ROM_MEP-MIP and MEP showed a significant difference between the no cervical pain group and the CNP group. In females, thoracic kyphotic curvature, thoracic sagittal ROM_MEP-MIP, MIP, and MEP were significantly different between the no cervical pain group and the CNP group. Thoracic kyphotic curvature was significantly correlated with MEP and MIP in all population groups, and significantly correlated with NDI in the female group. Thoracic sagittal ROM_MEP-MIP had a significant linear relationship with NDI, MEP, and MIP in all population groups.
Conclusion
The thoracic mobility during forced respiration was reduced in patients with CNP and was correlated with respiratory strength. Changes in the biomechanics of the cervicothoracic spine and rib cage due to CNP may contribute to impairment of respiratory strength.

Citations

• Optimal target localization for botulinum toxin A in treating splenius muscles dystonia based on the distribution of intramuscular nerves and spindles
  Xiaojiao He, Sifeng Wen, Xuan Liu, Yutong Li, Shengbo Yang
  Anatomical Science International.2026; 101(1): 44.     CrossRef
• Effect of cervicothoracic posture on respiratory muscle strength and upper extremity function in healthy young adults
  Nurel Erturk, Fatma Kubra Cekok, Volkan Deniz
  Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.2026; 39(3): 853.     CrossRef
• Predictive Factors for Respiratory Muscle Strength and Function in Chronic Neck Pain
  Sinem Ayyıldız Çınar, Birol Önal, Aynur Demirel, Halil Kamil Öge, Sevil Bilgin
  Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi.2026; 14(1): 79.     CrossRef
• Acute Effect of Thoracic Mobility Exercises on Respiratory Function and Thoracolumbar Mobility in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Crossover Trial
  Marcel Leak, Hugo Giambini, Kelly Cheever, Sakiko Oyama
  Journal of Sport Rehabilitation.2026; 35(6): 497.     CrossRef
• Extended Multicenter Study on the Postural Shirt for Women With Chronic Nonspecific Cervical Pain: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial
  Merce Avellanet, Aurelia Mena, Esther Pages, Anna Boada-Pladellorens
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Accuracy of equations for calculating normal values of maximal inspiratory mouth pressure in older men and women
  Francesco V. Ferraro, Ainoa Roldán, Mark A. Faghy
  Sport Sciences for Health.2025; 21(3): 2283.     CrossRef
• Anthropometric evaluation of trunk parameters in chronic low back pain: a comparative study with age- and sex-matched controls
  Martin Stribrny, Monika Svejdova, Andrew Busch, Jakub Novak, Tomas Kavka, Alena Kobesova
  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association Between Chronic Neck Pain and Increased Risk of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Adults: A Cohort Study Based on CHARLS
  Mingyang Yi, Zhen Zhang, Haixia Li, Junting Sai, Weike Li, Zhiwan Wang
  Journal of Pain Research.2025; Volume 18: 7275.     CrossRef
• Differences of diaphragmatic muscle contraction between female patients with chronic neck pain and asymptomatic controls: A case-control study based on ultrasonography
  Gamze Yalcinkaya Colak, Seher Ozyurek, Yesim Salik Sengul, Orhan Kalemci
  Musculoskeletal Science and Practice.2024; 69: 102894.     CrossRef
• Effect of Chronic Non-specific Neck Pain on Aerobic Capacity in Females
  Özlem MENEVŞE, Filiz ALTUĞ, Orçin TELLİ ATALAY
  Bezmialem Science.2024; 12(1): 55.     CrossRef
• Respiratory dysfunction in patients with chronic neck pain: systematic review and meta-analysis
  Ibai López-de-Uralde-Villanueva, Tamara del Corral, Rodrigo Salvador-Sánchez, Santiago Angulo-Díaz-Parreño, José-Javier López-Marcos, Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2023; 45(15): 2422.     CrossRef
• Respiratory Function Analysis in Patients with Chronic Pain: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Findings
  Ferran Cuenca-Martínez, Núria Sempere-Rubio, Elena Muñoz-Gómez, Sara Mollà-Casanova, Enrique Carrasco-González, Francisco M. Martínez-Arnau
  Healthcare.2023; 11(9): 1358.     CrossRef
• Impact of Indoor Air Quality and Breathing on Back and Neck Pain: A Systematic Review
  Ezequiel D Gherscovici, John M Mayer
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between Smartphone Addiction and Breathing Pattern in Sedentary Young College-Going Students – A Cross-Sectional Study
  IK Shah, A Kumar, S Rajasekar, AA Pathak, N Suvarna, K Gopal, R Muthukrishnan
  Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice.2023; 26(11): 1637.     CrossRef
• Chronic neck pain and respiratory dysfunction: a review paper
  Shruti P. Nair, Chaitrali S. Panchabhai, Vrushali Panhale
  Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of breathing re-education on endurance, strength of deep neck flexors and pulmonary function in patients with chronic neck pain: A randomised controlled trial
  Sahreen Anwar, Syed A. Arsalan, Hamayun Zafar, Ashfaq Ahmed, Syed A. Gillani, Asif Hanif
  South African Journal of Physiotherapy.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pulmonary Functions in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: A Case-Control Study
  Figen Dağ, Serkan Taş, Özlem Bölgen Çimen
  Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics.2022; 45(4): 290.     CrossRef
• A Comparative Study of a Novel Postural Garment Versus Exercise for Women with Nonspecific Cervical Pain
  Merce Avellanet, Anna Boada-Pladellorens, Esther Pages, Aleix Dorca, Betlem Sabria, Michael Pfeifer, Elvira Gea
  Spine.2021; 46(22): 1517.     CrossRef
• Neck Stabilization Exercises Enhance Respiratory Function after Stroke: Respiratory Function Index Change Trajectory Analyzed Using a Hierarchical Linear Model
  So-Hyun Kim, Sung-Hyoun Cho
  Medicina.2021; 57(12): 1312.     CrossRef

We report two cases of subacute combined degeneration (SCD) caused by nitrous oxide (N₂O) gas intoxication, which is rarely reported in Korea. Two patients recreationally inhaled N₂O gas daily for several months. They presented with paresthesia of limbs, voiding difficulty, and gait disturbance. The initial vitamin B₁₂ levels were normal or decreased, but homocysteine levels of the two patients were increased. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed T2-weighted hyperintensity in the bilateral dorsal columns of the cervical spinal cord. Electromyography and somatosensory evoked potential tests for both patients suggested posterior column lesion of the spinal cord combined with sensorimotor polyneuropathy. According to these findings, we concluded that the two patients had SCD. The patient’s symptoms partially improved after cessation of N₂O gas inhalation and the receiving of vitamin B₁₂ supplementation therapy. As the incidence of recreational N₂O gas inhalation is increasing in Korea, physicians must be alert to the N₂O induced SCD in patients presenting with progressive myelopathy.

Citations

• Trends in nitrous oxide abuse and misuse: a 22-year analysis of United States poison center data
  Courtney Temple, Amber Lin, Adrienne Hughes
  Clinical Toxicology.2026; 64(4): 282.     CrossRef
• The Toxic Legacy of Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Multisystem Complications From Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency
  Richa Tikaria, Adam Kapp, Samantha Shook, Ling Wang
  Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Neurotoxicity mechanisms and clinical implications of six common recreational drugs
  Jing Wang, Yulei Hao, Di Ma, Liangshu Feng, Feng Yang, Pingxu An, Xingqi Su, Jiachun Feng
  Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Current regulations in context: Scraping Australia's online nitrous oxide market
  Samuel Gresham, Jacques Eugene Raubenheimer
  International Journal of Drug Policy.2025; 139: 104773.     CrossRef
• Nitrous oxide use and psychiatric disorders: a retrospective clinical cohort study on prevalence and patterns
  Rebecca Paetow, Maike Franziska Dohrn, Michelle Finner-Prével, Leona Boesehans, Dariush Henning, Marcus Rust, Thomas Frodl
  Frontiers in Psychiatry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Neurological Manifestations Induced by Nitrous Oxide Abuse
  Maud Pichon, Loubna Majhadi, Anne-Marie Menn
  The Neurologist.2024; 29(2): 113.     CrossRef
• It is time to take nitrous oxide seriously without waiting for more evidence of harms
  Julaine Allan, Jacqui Cameron, Helen Simpson, Kenny Kor
  Addiction.2024; 119(4): 619.     CrossRef
• Nitrous oxide tank cold burn to the forearm: a case study and discussion of the literature
  Oliver Allen, Muireann Keating
  Emergency Nurse.2024; 32(4): 22.     CrossRef
• Mechanisms and recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of nitrous oxide-induced peripheral neuropathy: a narrative review
  Xiaodi Zou, Fangyu Yi, Weijie Zhou, Yanzhao Dong, Ahmad Alhaskawi, Haiying Zhou, Sohaib Hasan Abdullah Ezzi, Vishnu Goutham Kota, Mohamed Hasan Abdulla Hasan Abdulla, Olga Alenikova, Sahar Ahmed Abdalbary, Hui Lu, Changxin Wang
  Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Clinical case of funicular myelosis in combination with a concomitant genetic predisposition to folate cycle disorder
  O.D. Shulga , E.A. Popko, A.S. Chabanova , O.G. Kotsiuba , Q. Hussain
  Medicni perspektivi.2024; 29(2): 229.     CrossRef
• Nitrous Oxide-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Myelopathy in Whippets Abusers: A Report of Two Cases
  Fahim Barmak, Jamil Numan, Mariam Shabih, Justin Nolte, Jason Adams, Paul Ferguson, Syed Hashim A Inam
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Use of the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) in the management of nitrous oxide (N2O)-induced spinal cord injury
  Charlotte Buttery, Jonathan Birns, Jamie Gibson, Gareth David Jones
  BMJ Case Reports.2023; 16(2): e252529.     CrossRef
• Severe length‐dependent peripheral polyneuropathy in a patient with subacute combined spinal cord degeneration secondary to recreational nitrous oxide abuse: A case report and literature review
  Ventzislav Bonev, Mark Wyatt, Matthew J. Barton, Michael A. Leitch
  Clinical Case Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord Secondary to Nitrous Oxide Abuse
  Aamir Khan, Ayesha Zafar, Hira Hamid, Bilal Ahmad
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Case of Subacute Degeneration of the Spinal Cord Due to Vitamin B12 Deficiency Triggered by Nitrous Oxide Use
  Alvin Soh Weng Yan, Abuobeida Ali , Jordon Kong, Lewis Cooney, Junaid Akhtar, Tina Maheswaran, Michael Davies, Yash Prasad
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Update on Toxic Neuropathies
  Jannik Peters, Nathan P. Staff
  Current Treatment Options in Neurology.2022; 24(5): 203.     CrossRef
• Peripheral polyneuropathy and acute psychosis from chronic nitrous oxide poisoning: A case report with literature review
  Radhika Sood, Thibault Parent
  Medicine.2022; 101(31): e28611.     CrossRef
• Severe Isolated Peripheral Polyneuropathy without Myelopathy after Nitrous Oxide Abuse: A Case Report
  Seung-Min Baek, Seungbok Lee, Yu-Mi Kim, Eun-Sil Kim
  Journal of Electrodiagnosis and Neuromuscular Diseases.2022; 24(2): 50.     CrossRef
• A Systematic Review of Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use: Implications for Policy, Service Delivery and Individuals
  Julaine Allan, Jacqui Cameron, Juliana Bruno
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(18): 11567.     CrossRef
• Vitamin B12status in health and disease: a critical review. Diagnosis of deficiency and insufficiency – clinical and laboratory pitfalls
  Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora, Edgard Delvin, Andrew McCaddon, Kourosh R. Ahmadi, Dominic J. Harrington
  Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences.2021; 58(6): 399.     CrossRef
• Nitrous Oxide Abuse‐Induced Subacute Combined Degeneration: Classic Neuroimaging Findings on MRI
  A.K. Kirsch, S.M. Allison, S.A. Kilanowski
  Neurographics.2021; 11(2): 72.     CrossRef
• Spectrum of nitrous oxide intoxication related neurological disorders in Korea: a case series and literature review
  Jungsoo Lee, Yangmi Park, Hyunkee Kim, Nakhoon Kim, Wonjae Sung, Sanggon Lee, Jinseok Park
  Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology.2021; 23(1): 108.     CrossRef
• Nitrous oxide‐related neurological disorders: Clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological findings
  Jiwei Jiang, Xiuli Shang, Xiaoting Wang, Hanze Chen, Wenyi Li, Yanli Wang, Jun Xu
  Brain and Behavior.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Serum copper decrease and cerebellar atrophy in patients with nitrous oxide-induced subacute combined degeneration: two cases report
  Jie Cao, Lusen Ran, Chenchen Liu, Zhijun Li
  BMC Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Polyneuropathy Following Nitrous Oxide Abuse
  Jin Young Seo, Yerim Kim, Ji won Lee, Jong Seok Bae
  Korean Journal of Neuromuscular Disorders.2021; 13(2): 33.     CrossRef
• Subacute Combined Degeneration from Nitrous Oxide Abuse
  Monique A. Mogensen, James R. Fink
  PM&R.2020; 12(4): 428.     CrossRef

• Clinical, Electrophysiological and Radiological Features of Nitrous Oxide-Induced Neurological Disorders

  
  Lei Bao, Qing Li, Qingjie Li, Hao Chen, Ruixue Zhang, Hongjuan Shi, Guiyun Cui
  Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment.2020; Volume 16: 977.     CrossRef
• Happy Balloon Induced Myeloneuropathy
  Soo-Hyun Park, Ho-Sang Yoon, Paul Kim, Nam-Hee Kim
  Journal of the Korean Neurological Association.2020; 38(4): 327.     CrossRef

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in internal globus pallidus is considered to be a good option for controlling generalized dystonia in patients with this condition. In this relation, it is known that DBS has already been shown to have significant effects on primary dystonia, but is seen as controversial in secondary dystonia including cerebral palsy (CP). On the other hand, intrathecal baclofen (ITB) has been known to reduce spasticity and dystonia in patients who did not respond to oral medications or botulinum toxin treatment. Here, we report a patient with dystonic CP, who received the ITB pump implantation long after the DBS and who noted remarkable improvement in the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, Dystonia Rating Scale, Modified Barthel Index, and visual analog scale scores for pain after an ITB pump implantation was used as compared with DBS. To our knowledge, the present case report is the first to demonstrate the effects of an ITB pump on reducing pain and dystonia and improving quality of life and satisfaction, compared with DBS in a patient with CP.

Citations

• Stepwise surgical management of spasticity and dystonia in severe pediatric cerebral palsy: a case report involving selective dorsal rhizotomy, intrathecal baclofen therapy, and deep brain stimulation
  Jong Won Byun, Jae Meen Lee, Yong Beom Shin, Jin A. Yoon, Soo-Yeon Kim
  Child's Nervous System.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Intrathecal baclofen, selective dorsal rhizotomy, and extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the treatment of spasticity in cerebral palsy: a systematic review
  Amogh Kudva, Mickey E. Abraham, Justin Gold, Neal A. Patel, Julian L. Gendreau, Yehuda Herschman, Antonios Mammis
  Neurosurgical Review.2021; 44(6): 3209.     CrossRef

The population of adults diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) is increasing along with the survival rate of children born with the disability. Adults with CP need health services for the continued monitoring and management of their condition. Moreover, the development of additional health problems in adulthood increases the need for ongoing access to health services. Adults with CP manifest a higher rate of chronic health conditions and eventual decline in strength and functional reserve, deterioration in physical activity, increased risk of musculoskeletal complications, and gradual changes in swallowing ability. They are also reported to exhibit difficulty engaging socially and have a low health-related quality of life (QOL). However, there are a large number of adults with CP who cannot access medical services adequately and are therefore not effectively treated. To overcome these apparent challenges, we need to fully comprehend the healthcare needs of adults with CP to develop adultfocused health services. Further research is needed regarding the impact of physical activity, nutrition, sarcopenia, myeloradiculopathy, and swallowing function on QOL.

Citations

• Unmet healthcare needs in adults with childhood-onset neurodisabilities: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
  Aoife L. Gallagher, Elaine Meehan, Claire Kerr, Manjula Manikandan, Rory O’Sullivan, Aoife Whiston, Rose Galvin, Katie Robinson
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2026; 48(13): 3959.     CrossRef
• Diagnostic accuracy of mid-upper arm circumference-for-age Z-score (MUACZ) for detecting malnutrition in children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study
  Gülümse Oruçoğlu Başka, Hülya Kayılıoğlu
  BMC Pediatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fatigue and sleep in adults with cerebral palsy: feasibility of two self-guided neurocognitive rehabilitation programmes to support self-management
  Ilse Margot van Rijssen, Natasja Charon Wouda, Jan Willem Gorter, Johanna Maria Augusta Visser-Meily, Olaf Verschuren
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
• Sleep health of adults with cerebral palsy: A systematic review
  Deepika Nagabhushan, Caleb Kim, Daniel G. Whitney, Rita Ayyangar, Angeline Bowman, Sonia Sharma, Maxwell S. Barnish, Daniel Whibley
  Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Health-related outcomes among adults with cerebral palsy: a scoping review
  Yeo Wool Kim, Ha Na Jeong, Gi Won Choi, Sun Ju Chang
  BMC Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Gating of somatosensory neural oscillations across the lifespan: A narrative review
  Mahak Virlley, Rachel K. Spooner, Tony W. Wilson, Tyrell Pruitt, Elizabeth M. Davenport, Joseph A. Maldjian, Amy L. Proskovec
  Ageing Research Reviews.2026; 121: 103276.     CrossRef
• Retrospective analysis of temporalis muscle thickness as a biomarker of functional level in adults with cerebral palsy
  Hyun Iee Shin, Rajashree Srinivasan, Saylee Dhamdhere, Annie Abraham, Heakyung Kim
  Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the Characteristics and Utilization of General Practice Healthcare by Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
  Prue Morgan, Asfarina Zanudin
  Journal of Primary Care & Community Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of Pilates exercise on balance in adults with cerebral palsy
  Hee Joung Joung, Soon-Sun Kwon, Moon Seok Park
  Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.2025; 45: 311.     CrossRef
• Outcomes of Pediatric Orthopedic Management of Ambulatory Cerebral Palsy Utilizing a Closely Monitored, Lifespan-Guided Approach
  Zhe Yuan, Nancy Lennon, Chris Church, Michael Wade Shrader, Freeman Miller
  Children.2025; 12(9): 1252.     CrossRef
• Scientometric analysis of telerehabilitation services for cerebral palsy patients: A comprehensive review and research trends mapping
  Faridokht Salahshoori, Majid Jangi, Ebrahim Sadeghi-Demneh, Farhad Fatehi, Alireza Rahimi
  Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Beyond pediatrics: noninvasive spinal neuromodulation improves motor function in an adult with cerebral palsy
  Rahul Sachdeva, Kristin Girshin, Yousef Shirkhani, Parag Gad
  Bioelectronic Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The impact of ageing on the health and wellbeing of people with thalidomide embryopathy: a comparison of the health impact with the general population
  Katy Sagoe, W. Andrew Owens, Rick Loyd, Rosemary Varley
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2024; 46(21): 5029.     CrossRef
• Navigating the complex care landscape: Addressing challenges and advancing adult care frameworks for individuals with cerebral palsy
  Jensine’ Clark, Cristina Sarmiento, Jessica Sanders, Lauren Wang, Lauren Fetsko, Unoma Akamagwuna
  Health Care Transitions.2024; 2: 100051.     CrossRef
• Global State of the Art and Science of Childhood Dysphagia: Similarities and Disparities in Burden
  Maureen A. Lefton-Greif, Joan C. Arvedson, Daniele Farneti, Deborah S. Levy, Sudarshan R. Jadcherla
  Dysphagia.2024; 39(6): 989.     CrossRef
• A bibliometric analysis of cerebral palsy from 2003 to 2022
  Yue Hu, Yadan Zheng, Yue Yang, Wenfeng Fang, Maomao Huang, Dan Li, Zhangyu Xu, Fangyuan Xu, Jianxiong Wang
  Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Benefits of inspiratory muscle training therapy in institutionalized adult people with cerebral palsy: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
  Carlos Martin‐Sanchez, Fausto Jose Barbero‐Iglesias, Victor Amor‐Esteban, Marta Martin‐Sanchez, Ana Maria Martin‐Nogueras
  Brain and Behavior.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Characteristics of National Disability Insurance Scheme Plan Payments for People With Cerebral Palsy Described Using Publicly Available Data
  Prue Morgan, Ngoc Thien Kim Tang, Christine Imms, Kumari Shweta Kalyani
  Health & Social Care in the Community.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of adapted dance program on gait in adults with cerebral palsy: a pilot study
  Hee Joung Joung, Tae Hoon Kim, Moon Seok Park
  Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Implementation of Early Detection and Intervention for Cerebral Palsy in High-Risk Infant Follow-Up Programs
  Nathalie L. Maitre, Diane Damiano, Rachel Byrne
  Clinics in Perinatology.2023; 50(1): 269.     CrossRef
• Decrease of Muscle Mass in Young Patients With Neuromuscular Disease: Assessment of Sarcopenia
  Jisoo Kim, Haesung Yoon, Hyun Ji Lim, Hyun Woo Kim, Yong June Suk, Kun-Bo Park, Mi-Jung Lee
  Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The perception of disability in cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study using the WHODAS 2.0
  Silvia Pizzighello, Alberto Raggi, Marinela Vavla, Marianna Uliana, Alda Pellegri, Michela Martinuzzi, Andrea Martinuzzi
  Developmental Neurorehabilitation.2023; 26(5): 302.     CrossRef
• Physical activity is associated with walking and balance ability but not fatigue, knee extension strength, or body composition in adults with cerebral palsy: a pilot cross-sectional study
  Yui Sato, Hideyuki Tashiro, Kanta Fukumoto, Sota Hirosaki, Megumi Toki, Naoki Kozuka
  International Journal of Rehabilitation Research.2023; 46(3): 277.     CrossRef
• Tools for Nutrition Assessment of Adults with Cerebral Palsy: Development of a Gold Standard
  D. Expósito, M. M. Morales-Suarez, J. M. Soriano, C. Soler
  Current Nutrition Reports.2023; 12(3): 545.     CrossRef
• Adults with Cerebral Palsy: Navigating the Complexities of Aging
  Devina S. Kumar, Gabriel Perez, Kathleen M. Friel
  Brain Sciences.2023; 13(9): 1296.     CrossRef
• Describing healthcare concerns of adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy
  Christina M. Winger, Caitlin Cassidy, Jessica Starowicz, Laura Brunton
  Health Care Transitions.2023; 1: 100023.     CrossRef
• The impact of ageing on adults with cerebral palsy: the results of a national online survey
  Brian G Bell, Sonali Shah, Neil Coulson, Janice McLaughlin, Pip Logan, Richard Luke, Anthony J Avery
  BJGP Open.2023; 7(4): BJGPO.2023.0028.     CrossRef
• Emergency department usage by adults with cerebral palsy: A retrospective cohort study
  Jaskirath Gill, Prue Morgan, Joanne Enticott
  Emergency Medicine Australasia.2022; 34(2): 169.     CrossRef
• A national analysis on complications and readmissions for adult cerebral palsy patients undergoing primary spinal fusion surgery
  Michael Fields, Nathan J. Lee, Kyle McCormick, Paul J. Park, Venkat Boddapati, Meghan Cerpa, Jun S. Kim, Zeeshan M. Sardar, Lawrence G. Lenke
  European Spine Journal.2022; 31(3): 718.     CrossRef
• “High-risk for cerebral palsy” designation: A clinical consensus statement
  Nathalie L Maitre, Rachel Byrne, Andrea Duncan, Stacey Dusing, Deborah Gaebler-Spira, Peter Rosenbaum, Sarah Winter, Deborah Gaebler-Spira, Michael Green, Heakyung Kim
  Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine.2022; 15(1): 165.     CrossRef
• Association Between Daily Physical Activity and Clinical Anthropomorphic Measures in Adults With Cerebral Palsy
  Stephen Leb, Christina Marciniak, Deborah Gaebler-Spira, Liqi Chen, Ariane Garrett
  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2022; 103(9): 1777.     CrossRef
• Causes and prevention options for sarcopenia in children
  A. N. Zavyalova, A. I. Khavkin, V. P. Novikova
  Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics).2022; 67(2): 34.     CrossRef
• What Is the Relationship between Trunk Control Function and Arm Coordination in Adults with Severe-to-Moderate Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy?
  María Isabel Cornejo, Alba Roldan, Raul Reina
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 20(1): 141.     CrossRef
• Rehabilitation therapy for patients with osteoporosis
  Dong Hwan Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(5): 366.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with walking activity in adults with cerebral palsy
  Nancy Lennon, Chris Church, Thomas Shields, M. Wade Shrader, John Henley, Tim Niiler, Julieanne P. Sees, Freeman Miller
  Gait & Posture.2021; 90: 43.     CrossRef
• Well-Being of Ambulatory Adults With Cerebral Palsy: Education, Employment, and Physical Function of a Cohort Who Received Specialized Pediatric Care
  M. Wade Shrader, Chris Church, Nancy Lennon, Thomas Shields, Jose J. Salazar-Torres, Jason J. Howard, Freeman Miller
  Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Unmet healthcare needs in adults with childhood-onset neurodisabilities: a protocol for a systematic review
  Elaine Meehan, Aoife L. Gallagher, Jennifer Ryan, Claire Kerr, Rory O' Sullivan, Rose Galvin, Manjula Manikandan, Andrew Wormald, Katie Robinson
  HRB Open Research.2021; 4: 107.     CrossRef
• Characteristics of selective motor control of the lower extremity in adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy
  Takahito Inoue, Yuichiro Yokoi
  Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2020; 32(5): 348.     CrossRef
• Single Residue Variation in Skeletal Muscle Myosin Enables Direct and Selective Drug Targeting for Spasticity and Muscle Stiffness
  Máté Gyimesi, Ádám I. Horváth, Demeter Túrós, Sharad Kumar Suthar, Máté Pénzes, Csilla Kurdi, Louise Canon, Carlos Kikuti, Kathleen M. Ruppel, Darshan V. Trivedi, James A. Spudich, István Lőrincz, Anna Á. Rauscher, Mihály Kovács, Endre Pál, Sámuel Komoly,
  Cell.2020; 183(2): 335.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine effects of copy number variations (CNV) on developmental aspects of children suspected of having delayed development.
Methods
A retrospective chart review was done for 65 children who underwent array-comparative genomic hybridization after visiting physical medicine & rehabilitation department of outpatient clinic with delayed development as chief complaints. Children were evaluated with Denver Developmental Screening Test II (DDST-II), Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), or Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES). A Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to determine statistical differences of developmental quotient (DQ), receptive language quotient (RLQ), and expressive language quotient (ELQ) between children with CNV (CNV(+) group, n=16) and children without CNV (CNV(–) group, n=37).
Results
Of these subjects, the average age was 35.1 months (mean age, 35.1±24.2 months). Sixteen (30.2%) patients had copy number variations. In the CNV(+) group, 14 children underwent DDST-II. In the CNV(–) group, 29 children underwent DDSTII. Among variables, gross motor scale was significantly (p=0.038) lower in the CNV(+) group compared with the CNV(–) group. In the CNV(+) group, 5 children underwent either SELSI or PRES. In the CNV(–) group, 27 children underwent above language assessment examination. Both RLQ and ELQ were similar between the two groups.
Conclusion
The gross motor domain in DQ was significantly lower in children with CNV compared to that in children without CNV. This result suggests that additional genetic factors contribute to this variability. Active detection of genomic imbalance could play a vital role when prominent gross motor delay is presented in children with delayed development.

Citations

• Complex de novo tetrasomy and trisomy of 2p22.2 involving EIF2AK2 in a child with global developmental delay: a case report and literature review
  Jun Wang, Xin Duan, Chaolong Xu, Tianyu Song, Danmin Shen, Fang Fang
  Frontiers in Pediatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Novel JAG1 variants leading to Alagille syndrome in two Chinese cases
  Xiufang Feng, Jiangyuan Ping, Shan Gao, Dong Han, Wenxia Song, Xiaoze Li, Yilun Tao, Lihong Wang
  Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Copy Number Variation and Structural Genomic Findings in 116 Cases of Sudden Unexplained Death between 1 and 28 Months of Age
  Catherine A. Brownstein, Elise Douard, Robin L. Haynes, Hyun Yong Koh, Alireza Haghighi, Christine Keywan, Bree Martin, Sanda Alexandrescu, Elisabeth A. Haas, Sara O. Vargas, Monica H. Wojcik, Sébastien Jacquemont, Annapurna H. Poduri, Richard D. Goldstei
  Advanced Genetics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Copy number variation of the ZNF679 gene in cattle and its association analysis with growth traits
  Xingya Song, Xinmiao Li, Xian Liu, Zijing Zhang, Xiaoting Ding, Yanan Chai, Zhiming Li, Hongli Wang, Jungang Li, Huifeng Liang, Xiaoyan Sun, Guojie Yang, Zengfang Qi, Fuying Chen, Qiaoting Shi, Eryao Wang, Baorui Ru, Chuzhao Lei, Hong Chen, Wujun Liu, Yon
  Animal Biotechnology.2023; 34(9): 4680.     CrossRef
• Incorporating CNV analysis improves the yield of exome sequencing for rare monogenic disorders—an important consideration for resource-constrained settings
  Nadja Louw, Nadia Carstens, Zané Lombard
  Frontiers in Genetics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• CNV profiles of Chinese pediatric patients with developmental disorders
  Haiming Yuan, Shaofang Shangguan, Zhengchang Li, Jingsi Luo, Jiasun Su, Ruen Yao, Shun Zhang, Chen Liang, Qian Chen, Zhijie Gao, Yanli Zhu, Shujie Zhang, Wei Li, Weiliang Lu, Yu Zhang, Hua Xie, Fang Liu, Qingming Wang, Yangyang Lin, Liying Liu, Xiuming Wa
  Genetics in Medicine.2021; 23(4): 669.     CrossRef
• Copy Number Variation: Methods and Clinical Applications
  Ondrej Pös, Jan Radvanszky, Jakub Styk, Zuzana Pös, Gergely Buglyó, Michal Kajsik, Jaroslav Budis, Bálint Nagy, Tomas Szemes
  Applied Sciences.2021; 11(2): 819.     CrossRef

Objective
To develop a new tool for aspiration risk prediction based on pharyngeal width at rest in older adults with symptoms of aspiration.
Methods
Lateral cervical spine roentgenograms were obtained from 33 older adult patients who complained of dysphagia and from 33 healthy, age-matched controls. Pharyngeal width at rest was measured at two points. We named the average of these two pharyngeal widths ‘JOSCYL Width’, calculated ‘JOSCYL Scale’, and compared these parameters between dysphagia and control groups. Correlations of individual JOSCYL Width and JOSCYL Scale, with Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) and Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) scores were analyzed for the dysphagia group. To determine optimal cutoff points for predicting aspiration, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed on JOSCYL Width and JOSCYL Scale.
Results
Both JOSCYL Width and JOSCYL Scale of the dysphagia group were larger than those of the control group (p<0.001). The correlation between JOSCYL Width and severity of dysphagia was significant for the dysphagia group (PAS p=0.007; DOSS p=0.012). The correlation between JOSCYL Scale and the severity of dysphagia was also significant for the dysphagia group (PAS p=0.009; DOSS p=0.011). Optimal cutoffs for JOSCYL Width and JOSCYL Scale for predicting aspiration were 20.0 mm and 5.9, respectively.
Conclusion
JOSCYL Width and JOSCYL Scale can be new indicators for predicting aspiration in older adults. They are both precise and easy to use.

Citations

• Pharyngeal Structure and Dysphagia in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders
  Eunjee Lee, Gyu Jin Kim, Hyewon Ryu, Kwang-Ik Jung, Woo-Kyoung Yoo, Suk Hoon Ohn
  Dysphagia.2024; 39(3): 468.     CrossRef
• Prediction of Pharyngeal 3D Volume Using 2D Lateral Area Measurements During Swallowing
  Howell Henrian G. Bayona, Yoko Inamoto, Eichii Saitoh, Keiko Aihara, Masanao Kobayashi, Yohei Otaka
  Dysphagia.2024; 39(5): 783.     CrossRef
• The influence of pharyngeal width on post-stroke laryngeal aspiration
  Wonil Kang, Jane Chung, Jeongeun Lee, Kwang-Ik Jung, Woo-Kyoung Yoo, Suk Hoon Ohn
  NeuroRehabilitation.2021; 49(3): 435.     CrossRef
• Changes in Pharyngeal Width Over Time as an Indicator of Dysphagia in Stroke Patients
  Seungki Baek, Il Hwan Jung, Ho Young Lee, Jimin Song, Eunsil Cha, Kwang-Ik Jung, Woo-Kyoung Yoo, Suk Hoon Ohn
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2020; 44(3): 203.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate difference in bilateral diaphragm movement of patients with tracheal aspiration according to post stroke residue severity and determine correlations of Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS), residue scale, and bilateral diaphragm movement.
Methods
A total of 47 patients diagnosed with hemiplegic stroke were enrolled in this study. PAS, severity of valleculae, and pyriform sinus retention during videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) were assessed. Bilateral fluoroscopic diaphragm movements during spontaneous breathing and forced breathing were measured.
Results
Patients with tracheal aspiration (PAS≥6) had significantly (p=0.035) lower ipsilateral diaphragm movement during spontaneous breathing. Post-swallow residue severity showed statistically significant (p=0.028) difference in patients with ipsilateral diaphragm movement during forced breathing. In linear regression analysis, PAS showed weak correlations with ipsilateral spontaneous diaphragm movement (r=0.397, p=0.006), ipsilateral forced diaphragm movement (r=0.384, p=0.008), and contralateral forced diaphragm movement (r=0.323, p=0.027). Weak correlation was also observed between post swallow residue severity and ipsilateral diaphragm movement during spontaneous breathing (r=0.331, p=0.023) and forced breathing (r=0.343, p=0.018).
Conclusion
We confirmed the relationship between swallowing function and bilateral diaphragm movement in this study. The severity of dysphagia after hemiplegic stroke was correlated with bilateral diaphragm movement. Further longitudinal studies are needed to assess the effect of breathing exercise on post-stroke dysphagia.

Citations

• Correlation between swallowing and diaphragmatic functions in stroke patients with hemiplegia: a cross-sectional observational study
  Xiaoman Liu, Jingrong Zhao, Yanyu Wu, Ying Yang, Xiang Zhu, Yu Wang, Chen Zhang, Mengxue Liu, Yanyu Song, Jie Jia
  Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Inspiratory Muscle Training for Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review
  Bruno Bordoni, Bruno Morabito, Allan R Escher
  Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Impact of Ageing on Diaphragm Function and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound Study
  Toru Yamada, Taro Minami, Takahiro Shinohara, Shuji Ouchi, Suguru Mabuchi, Shunpei Yoshino, Ken Emoto, Kazuharu Nakagawa, Kanako Yoshimi, Mitsuko Saito, Ayane Horike, Kenji Toyoshima, Yoshiaki Tamura, Atsushi Araki, Ryoichi Hanazawa, Akihiro Hirakawa, Tak
  Diagnostics.2025; 15(2): 163.     CrossRef
• Methods for Diagnosing and Predicting Diaphragm Dysfunction in the Recovery Period of a Stroke: a Narrative Review
  Ekaterina A. Melnikova, Elena Yu. Starkova, Nadezhda N. Vladimirova, Evgeniya M. Tsvetkova, Vladislav Yu. Litau
  Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 22(4): 138.     CrossRef
• Assessment of Diaphragm in Hemiplegic Patients after Stroke with Ultrasound and Its Correlation of Extremity Motor and Balance Function
  Xiaoman Liu, Qingming Qu, Panmo Deng, Yuehua Zhao, Chenghong Liu, Conghui Fu, Jie Jia
  Brain Sciences.2022; 12(7): 882.     CrossRef
• Respiratory‐swallow coordination in a rat model of chemoradiation
  Linda M. Rowe, Nadine P. Connor, John A. Russell
  Head & Neck.2021; 43(10): 2954.     CrossRef
• Neck Stabilization Exercises Enhance Respiratory Function after Stroke: Respiratory Function Index Change Trajectory Analyzed Using a Hierarchical Linear Model
  So-Hyun Kim, Sung-Hyoun Cho
  Medicina.2021; 57(12): 1312.     CrossRef
• Guidelines for the Evaluation of Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy in Stroke Patients
  Sung-Hyoun Cho, Ki-Bok Choi
  Healthcare.2020; 8(3): 222.     CrossRef

Objective
To compare dysphagia between infratentorial stroke patients and supratentorial stroke patients.
Methods
Subjects of this study were patients with post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) who were admitted to our medical institution between May 2014 and June 2017. We evaluated a total of 64 patients with PSD. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was performed to determine dysphagia severity. We measured the following parameters: pharyngeal transit time (PTT), post-swallow pharyngeal remnant, Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores, and Functional Dysphagia Scale (FDS). We analyzed patient’s results from VFSS performed at admission. All VFSS images were recorded using a camcorder running at 30 frames per second. An AutoCAD 2D screen was used to measure post-swallow pharyngeal remnant.
Results
In this study, PTT and FDS were similar (p>0.05) between infratentorial stroke patients and supratentorial stroke patients. However, there were significant differences in pharyngeal remnant and PAS scores between the two groups (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively).
Conclusion
Both pharyngeal remnant and PAS score registered higher levels from VFSS test for infratentorial stroke patients than those for supratentorial stroke patients. This suggests greater chances of problems occurring with swallowing, the major functions of pons. Thus, clinicians should pay particular attention to active dysphagia evaluation and treatment in PSD of infratentorial stroke patients.

Citations

• The Effects of Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Targeting the Insular Cortex in Patients with Infratentorial Stroke and Aspiration: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Jia Qiao, Meng Dai, Lian Wang, Xiangxiang Zhang, Fang Sun, Zhimin Wu, Xin Li, Liujie Su, Yadan Zheng, Wenhao Huang, Hongmei Wen, Zulin Dou
  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2026; 107(7): 1690.     CrossRef
• Cortical morphological changes in stroke-associated dysarthria patients
  Jin Zhou, Shilong Zhao, Wenjing Zhang, Tianyuan Wei, Hongxia Zhang, Weijin Liu, Chunlin Li, Xiaoxia Du
  Frontiers in Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Multidisciplinary and stratified non-pharmacological airway clearance intervention to prevent stroke-associated pneumonia: a quasi-experimental study
  Yingchun Chen, Lihong Huang, Xi Huang, In Hye Park, Chao Wu, Yueli Gong, Jie Du, Jiawen You, Yang Liu
  European Clinical Respiratory Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Establishment and evaluation of a predictive scoring system for successful decannulation of tracheostomy in neurosurgery patients
  Yin Hu, Lifang Mao, Qing Liu, Yanhua Jiang, Shun Li
  Frontiers in Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Voices of Stroke Survivors With Dysphagia: A Roy Adaptation Model‐Based Qualitative Analysis
  Abdullah Avcı, Fadime Cennet Çokgün
  Brain and Behavior.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Respiratory-Swallow Coordination may be Related to Aspiration in Infratentorial Stroke Patients
  Jia Qiao, Meng Dai, Fang Sun, Zhi-Min Wu, Lian Wang, Qiu-Pin Ye, Yong Dai, Hong-Mei Wen, Zu-Lin Dou
  Dysphagia.2025; 40(4): 952.     CrossRef
• Investigation of neurogenic dysphagia in commonly seen neurological diseases
  Müberra Tanrıverdi, Senanur Düzenli, Merve Sevinç Gündüz, Ayça Arslantürk, Ayşenur Erekdağ
  Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi.2025; 30(1): 150.     CrossRef
• Post-stroke dysphagia: identifying the evidence missing
  Zicong Wang, Ran Shi, Paulo Moreira
  Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Temporal Characteristics of Penetration and Aspiration in Patients with Severe Dysphagia Associated with Lateral Medullary Syndrome
  Meng Dai, Jiao Qiao, Huayu Chen, Zhonghui Shi, Binbin Liu, Zu-Lin Dou
  Dysphagia.2024; 39(2): 255.     CrossRef
• Correlation between lesion location and dysphagia characteristics in post-stroke patients
  Qing-lu Yang, Yang Chen, Xue-jie Wang, Hui-ying Qiu, Meng-ting Chen, Xu-hui Zhou, Chu-yao Jian, Shao-feng Zhao
  Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.2024; 33(6): 107682.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Early Diagnosis and Poor Prognosis of Dysphagia After Senile Ischemic Stroke
  Qingxian Fan, Yan Zhao, Jianrong Zhang, Yu’e Wu, Qingping Huang, Ying Gao, Jingqin Wang, Changqiong Guo, Shuqing Zhang
  Journal of Molecular Neuroscience.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Cerebellar Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
  Ying Liu, Shao Yin, Xinwei Yang, Shanshan Luo, Fengya Zhu, Zijian Zeng, Qian Hu, Li Xu, Qian Yu
  European Neurology.2024; 87(2): 67.     CrossRef
• Effects of admission systemic inflammatory indicators on clinical outcomes in patients with vertebrobasilar artery occlusion: insight from the PERSIST registry
  Pan Zhang, Pengfei Xu, Zuowei Duan, Feng Zhang, Yirong Fang, Dingyi Yan, Hanhong Zhang, Qiankun Cai, Xianjun Huang, Zhixin Huang, Mengmeng Gu, Lulu Xiao, Jinjing Wang, Wen Sun
  Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery.2023; 15(e2): e270.     CrossRef
• Quantitative Analysis of Temporal Parameters Correlated with Aspiration and Lesion Location in Stroke Patients
  Jeong Min Kim, Ji Eun Park, Seung Jun Baek, Seung Nam Yang
  Dysphagia.2023; 38(6): 1487.     CrossRef
• Effect of cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation with double-cone coil on dysphagia after subacute infratentorial stroke: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial
  Meng Dai, Jia Qiao, Zhonghui Shi, Xiaomei Wei, Huayu Chen, Luxi Shen, Hongmei Wen, Zulin Dou
  Brain Stimulation.2023; 16(4): 1012.     CrossRef
• Postoperative Dysphagia Aortica: Comparison with Other Dysphagia
  Jong Keun Kim, Sangpil Son, InHyuk Suh, Jin Seok Bae, Jong Youb Lim
  Dysphagia.2022; 37(5): 1112.     CrossRef
• Predictive value of the videofluoroscopic swallowing study for long-term mortality in patients with subacute stroke
  Daham Kim, Jae-Hyung Kim, Si-Woon Park, Hyung-Wook Han, Sang Joon An, Yeong In Kim, Hyo Jin Ju, YoonHee Choi, Doo Young Kim
  Medicine.2022; 101(4): e28623.     CrossRef
• Increased cortical-medulla functional connectivity is correlated with swallowing in dysphagia patients with subacute infratentorial stroke
  Meng Dai, Jia Qiao, Xiaomei Wei, Huayu Chen, Zhonghui Shi, Zulin Dou
  NeuroImage: Clinical.2022; 35: 103104.     CrossRef
• Characteristics of dysphagia among different lesion sites of stroke: A retrospective study
  Jia Qiao, Zhi-min Wu, Qiu-ping Ye, Meng Dai, Yong Dai, Zi-tong He, Zu-lin Dou
  Frontiers in Neuroscience.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Increased Cortical–Medulla Functional Connectivity is Correlated with Swallowing in Dysphagia Patients with Sub-Acute Infratentorial Stroke
  Meng Dai, Jia Qiao, Xiaomei Wei, Huayu Chen, Zhonghui Shi, Zulin Dou
  SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Predictive factors of severity and persistence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in sub-acute stroke
  Alessandro De Stefano, Francesco Dispenza, Gautham Kulamarva, Giuseppina Lamarca, Antonio Faita, Antonio Merico, Giuseppe Sardanelli, Salvatore Gabellone, Antonio Antonaci
  European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology.2021; 278(3): 741.     CrossRef
• Usefulness of the Modified Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale in Choosing the Feeding Method for Stroke Patients with Dysphagia
  Byung Joo Lee, Hyoshin Eo, Changbae Lee, Donghwi Park
  Healthcare.2021; 9(6): 632.     CrossRef
• The influence of pharyngeal width on post-stroke laryngeal aspiration
  Wonil Kang, Jane Chung, Jeongeun Lee, Kwang-Ik Jung, Woo-Kyoung Yoo, Suk Hoon Ohn
  NeuroRehabilitation.2021; 49(3): 435.     CrossRef
• Use of the maximal phonation test for the screening of dysphagia in stroke patients: a preliminary study
  Ju-Young Lim, Young-Hwan Yoo, Chan-Hyuk Park, Kyung-Lim Joa, Han-Young Jung
  European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the proportion of aspiration pneumonia cases among patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Korea.
Methods
This retrospective study included patients with community-acquired pneumonia who had been admitted to the emergency department of a university-affiliated tertiary hospital in Gyeonggi Province, Korea between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016. Among these patients, those with aspiration pneumonia were identified using ICD-10 codes (J69.*). Patients with recurrent pneumonia were excluded, as were those who were immunocompromised. The proportion of cases of aspiration pneumonia was calculated, and the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with aspiration pneumonia and non-aspiration pneumonia were compared.
Results
The proportion of aspiration pneumonia cases among patients with community-acquired pneumonia was 14.2%. Patients with aspiration pneumonia were significantly more likely to be older (p<0.001) and male (p<0.001), and to have a higher confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥65 years (CURB-65) score (p<0.001) as compared to patients with non-aspiration pneumonia. They were also more likely to require admission to the intensive care unit (p<0.001) and a longer hospital stay (p<0.001).
Conclusion
Aspiration pneumonia accounts for 14.2% of all cases of community-acquired pneumonia in Korea. These data may contribute to the establishment of healthcare strategies for managing aspiration pneumonia among Korean adults.

Citations

• Supporting People with Swallowing Problems in Home Care
  Ed M. Bice, Christine Brandel, Debra Suiter, Kristine E. Galek
  Home Healthcare Now.2026; 44(1): 7.     CrossRef
• Aspiration Pneumonia versus Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Differences in Clinical Characteristics, Functional Status, and Mortality Predictors
  Kou Chin, Shuntaro Hiro, Momo Hirata, Mari Inoue, Ryo Nagasawa, Hiroshi Ishi, Yu Hara
  Journal of Clinical Question.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pneumococcal vaccination and aspiration pneumonia in super-aged societies: A scoping review of the evidence landscape
  Akihito Ueda, Kanji Nohara
  Global Health & Medicine.2026; 8(2): 97.     CrossRef
• Factors driving outcome variability in aspiration and community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis
  Jordi Almirall, Ramón Boixeda, Mari C. de la Torre, Marcial Cariqueo, Antoni Torres
  European Respiratory Review.2025; 34(178): 250037.     CrossRef
• Criteria for diagnosing aspiration pneumonia in Japan – A scoping review
  Akihito Ueda, Kanji Nohara
  Respiratory Investigation.2024; 62(1): 128.     CrossRef
• Predictors and impact of aspiration pneumonia in patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy: national inpatient sample 2016–2020
  Jay Patel, Aalam Sohal, Hunza Chaudhry, Shivam Kalra, Isha Kohli, Ishandeep Singh, Dino Dukovic, Juliana Yang
  European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2024; 36(3): 298.     CrossRef
• Investigating in VigiBase over 6000 cases of pneumonia in clozapine-treated patients in the context of the literature: focus on high lethality and the association with aspiration pneumonia
  Jose de Leon, Can-Jun Ruan, Georgios Schoretsanitis, Alejandro G. Villasante-Tezanos, Edoardo Spina, Emilio J. Sanz, Moisés Betancort, Carlos De las Cuevas
  Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology.2024; 20(8): 857.     CrossRef
• Morbidity and mortality risks associated with valproate withdrawal in young adults with epilepsy
  Gashirai K Mbizvo, Tommaso Bucci, Gregory Y H Lip, Anthony G Marson
  Brain.2024; 147(10): 3426.     CrossRef
• Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
  Seoyon Yang, Jin-Woo Park, Kyunghoon Min, Yoon Se Lee, Young-Jin Song, Seong Hee Choi, Doo Young Kim, Seung Hak Lee, Hee Seung Yang, Wonjae Cha, Ji Won Kim, Byung-Mo Oh, Han Gil Seo, Min-Wook Kim, Hee-Soon Woo, Sung-Jong Park, Sungju Jee, Ju Sun Oh, Ki De
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(Suppl 1): S1.     CrossRef
• Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
  Seoyon Yang, Jin-Woo Park, Kyunghoon Min, Yoon Se Lee, Young-Jin Song, Seong Hee Choi, Doo Young Kim, Seung Hak Lee, Hee Seung Yang, Wonjae Cha, Ji Won Kim, Byung-Mo Oh, Han Gil Seo, Min-Wook Kim, Hee-Soon Woo, Sung-Jong Park, Sungju Jee, Ju Sun Oh, Ki De
  Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2023; 13(2): 77.     CrossRef
• Advancing healthcare through thoracic ultrasound research in older patients
  Simone Scarlata, Chukwuma Okoye, Sonia Zotti, Fulvio Lauretani, Antonio Nouvenne, Nicoletta Cerundolo, Adriana Antonella Bruni, Monica Torrini, Alberto Finazzi, Tessa Mazzarone, Marco Lunian, Irene Zucchini, Lorenzo Maccioni, Daniela Guarino, Silvia Fabbr
  Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2023; 35(12): 2887.     CrossRef
• The current definition, epidemiology, animal models and a novel therapeutic strategy for aspiration pneumonia
  Shinji Teramoto
  Respiratory Investigation.2022; 60(1): 45.     CrossRef
• Predictive value of the videofluoroscopic swallowing study for long-term mortality in patients with subacute stroke
  Daham Kim, Jae-Hyung Kim, Si-Woon Park, Hyung-Wook Han, Sang Joon An, Yeong In Kim, Hyo Jin Ju, YoonHee Choi, Doo Young Kim
  Medicine.2022; 101(4): e28623.     CrossRef
• Incidence and Predictors of Aspiration Pneumonia Among Traumatic Brain Injury in Northwest Ethiopia
  Sahlu Mitku Shiferaw, Emiru Ayalew Mengistie, Getasew Mulatu Aknaw, Abraham Tsedalu Amare, Kefyalew Amogne Azanaw
  Open Access Emergency Medicine.2022; Volume 14: 85.     CrossRef
• Cause-specific mortality in Korea during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic
  Jinwook Bahk, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
  Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022110.     CrossRef
• Predictors of Aspiration Pneumonia in the Elderly With Swallowing Dysfunction: Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study
  Joo Young Ko, Dae Youp Shin, Tae Uk Kim, Seo Young Kim, Jung Keun Hyun, Seong Jae Lee
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(2): 99.     CrossRef
• A Post Hoc Analysis of Two Phase III Trials Showing the Efficacy and Tolerability of Ceftobiprole in East Asian Patients
  Haihui Huang, Lei Gao, Marc Engelhardt, Mikael Saulay, Kamal Hamed
  Future Microbiology.2021; 16(11): 783.     CrossRef
• Respiratory viral infections in pragmatically selected adults in intensive care units
  Cong-Tat Cia, I-Ting Lin, Jen-Chieh Lee, Huey-Pin Tsai, Jen-Ren Wang, Wen-Chien Ko
  Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparison of Different Scoring Systems for Prediction of Mortality and ICU Admission in Elderly CAP Population
  Chunxin Lv, Yue Chen, Wen Shi, Teng Pan, Jinhai Deng, Jiayi Xu
  Clinical Interventions in Aging.2021; Volume 16: 1917.     CrossRef
• Trend of Antibiotic Usage for Hospitalized Community-acquired Pneumonia Cases in Korea Based on the 2010–2015 National Health Insurance Data
  Bongyoung Kim, Rangmi Myung, Myoung-jae Lee, Jieun Kim, Hyunjoo Pai
  Journal of Korean Medical Science.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in patients with dysphagia undergoing videofluoroscopic swallowing studies
  Joon Woo Kim, Hyoseon Choi, Jisang Jung, Hyun Jung Kim
  Medicine.2020; 99(46): e23177.     CrossRef

Objective
To elucidate the effect of a 12-week horizontal vibration exercise (HVE) in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients as compared to vertical vibration exercise (VVE).
Methods
Twenty-eight CLBP patients were randomly assigned to either the HVE or VVE group. All participants performed the exercise for 30 minutes each day, three times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Altered pain and functional ability were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Changes in lumbar muscle strength, transverse abdominis (TrA) and multifidus muscle thicknesses, and standing balance were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer, ultrasonography, and balance parameters, respectively. These assessments were evaluated prior to treatment, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the first treatment, and 4 weeks after the end of treatment (that is, 16 weeks after the first treatment).
Results
According to the repeated-measures analysis of variance, there were significant improvements with time on VAS, ODI, standing balance score, lumbar flexor, and extensor muscle strength (all p<0.001 in both groups) without any significant changes in TrA (p=0.153 in HVE, p=0.561 in VVE group) or multifidus (p=0.737 in HVE, p=0.380 in VVE group) muscle thickness. Further, there were no significant differences between groups according to time in any of the assessments. No adverse events were noticed during treatment in either group.
Conclusion
HVE is as effective as VVE in reducing pain, strengthening the lumbar muscle, and improving the balance and functional abilities of CLBP patients. Vibrational exercise increases muscle strength without inducing muscle hypertrophy.

Citations

• Effects of whole-body vibration training on sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Jaewon Beom, Jae-Young Lim, Sang Yoon Lee
  Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of whole-body vibration therapy on pain, functionality, postural stability, and proprioception in patients with subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review
  Franziska Remer, Mohammad Keilani, Philipp Kull, Richard Crevenna
  Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift.2025; 175(1-2): 20.     CrossRef
• Are changes in pain intensity related to changes in balance control in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Daniel K.Y. Zheng, Jae Q.J. Liu, Jeremy R. Chang, Jeffrey C.Y. Ng, Zhixing Zhou, Jinlong Wu, Chelsia K.C. Cheung, Frank F. Huang, Sabina M. Pinto, Dino Samartzis, Manuela L. Ferreira, Kanchana Ekanayake, Stephen Lord, Xueqiang Wang, Arnold Y.L. Wong
  Journal of Sport and Health Science.2025; 14: 100989.     CrossRef
• Reporting and incorporation of social risks in low back pain and exercise studies: A scoping review
  Andrew Bernstetter, Nicole H. Brown, Brandon Fredhoff, Daniel I. Rhon, Chad Cook
  Musculoskeletal Science and Practice.2025; 77: 103310.     CrossRef
• The effects of exercise therapy on lumbar muscle structure in low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Vasiliki Karagiannopoulou, Hannes Meirezonne, Indra De Greef, Jessica Van Oosterwijck, Thomas Matheve, Lieven Danneels, Tine Marieke Willems
  Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 68(5): 101988.     CrossRef
• A Comparative Study on the Effects of the Whole-Body Vibration Training and Balance Exercise Program on the Muscle Geometry in the Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Control Trial
  Farahnaz Emami, Amin Kordi Yoosefinejad, Mohsen Razeghi
  Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.2025; 24(1-4): 92.     CrossRef
• Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Pain, Disability, Balance, Proprioception, Functional Performance and Quality of Life in People with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Tasneem Zafar, Saima Zaki, Md Farhan Alam, Saurabh Sharma, Reem Abdullah Babkair, Shibili Nuhmani, Sujata Pandita
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(6): 1639.     CrossRef
• Effects of 12 weeks of inspiratory muscle training and whole body vibration on the inflammatory profile, BDNF and muscular system in pre-frail elderly women: A randomized controlled trial
  Helga Cecília Muniz de Souza, Maíra Florentino Pessoa, Rafaela dos Santos Clemente, Alanna Vasconcelos da Silva, Pablo Ramon Gualberto Cardoso, Juliana Fernandes, Arméle Dornelas de Andrade
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2024; 123: 105421.     CrossRef
• Effect of Whole-Body Vibration on Balance or Proprioception in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
  Nuaima Tariq, Zainy Khan, Zubia Veqar
  Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.2023; 22(4): 284.     CrossRef
• Effect of platelet-rich plasma injections for chronic nonspecific low back pain
  Sun Jae Won, Da-ye Kim, Jae Min Kim
  Medicine.2022; 101(8): e28935.     CrossRef
• Whole-body vibration provides additional benefits to patients with patellofemoral pain: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Xinyue Yang, Guang Yang, Yunxia Zuo
  Medicine.2022; 101(47): e31536.     CrossRef
• Core and Whole Body Vibration Exercise Influences Muscle Sensitivity and Posture during a Military Foot March
  Kaitlin D. Lyons, Aaron G. Parks, Oluwagbemiga Dadematthews, Nilophar Zandieh, Paige McHenry, Kenneth E. Games, Michael D. Goodlett, William Murrah, Jaimie Roper, JoEllen M. Sefton
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(9): 4966.     CrossRef
• Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain
  Jill A Hayden, Jenna Ellis, Rachel Ogilvie, Antti Malmivaara, Maurits W van Tulder
  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Inconsistent descriptions of lumbar multifidus morphology: A scoping review
  Anke Hofste, Remko Soer, Hermie J. Hermens, Heiko Wagner, Frits G. J. Oosterveld, André P. Wolff, Gerbrand J. Groen
  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of exercise combined with whole body vibration in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomised-controlled clinical trial
  Angel Yañez-Álvarez, Beatriz Bermúdez-Pulgarín, Sergio Hernández-Sánchez, Manuel Albornoz-Cabello
  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Effectiveness of Trunk Stabilization Exercise Combined with Vibration for Adolescent Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain
  Kyoung-sim Jung, Jin-hwa Jung, Tae-sung In, Hwi-young Cho
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(19): 7024.     CrossRef
• Acute and Cumulative Effects With Whole-Body Vibration Exercises Using 2 Biomechanical Conditions on the Flexibility and Rating of Perceived Exertion in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial Pilot Study
  P. C. Paiva, C. A. Figueiredo, A. Reis-Silva, A. Francisca-Santos, L. L. Paineiras-Domingos, E. Martins-Anjos, M. E. S. Melo-Oliveira, G. M. G. Lourenço-Revelles, E. Moreira-Marconi, E. O. Guedes-Aguiar, A. A. Brandão, M. F. T. Neves, V. L. Xavier, D. L.
  Dose-Response.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the relationship between peak cough flow (PCF), pulmonary function tests (PFT), and severity of dysphagia in patients with ischemic stroke.
Methods
This study included patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke, who underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), PCF and PFT from March 2016 to February 2017. The dysphagia severity was assessed using the videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale (VDS). Correlation analysis of VDS, PFT and PCF was performed. Patients were divided into three groups based on VDS score. One-way ANOVA of VDS was performed to analyze PCF, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and age among the different groups.
Results
The correlation coefficients of VDS and PCF, VDS and FVC, and VDS and FEV1 were -0.836, -0.508, and -0.430, respectively, all of which were statistically significant at the level of p<0.001. The one-way ANOVA indicated statistically significant differences in PCF, FVC, FEV1, and age among the VDS groups. Statistically significant differences in VDS and age were observed between aspiration pneumoia and non-aspiration pneumonia groups.
Conclusion
Coughing is a useful factor in evaluating the risk of aspiration in dysphagia patients. Evaluation of respiratory and coughing function should be conducted during the swallowing assessment of patients with ischemic stroke.

Citations

• Optimized transcranial direct current stimulation for post-stroke dysphagia with small electrodes: a double-blind, randomized, feasibility study protocol
  TaeYeong Kim, Hae-Yeon Park, Sung-Hwa Ko, Yeun Jie Yoo, Hanna Jang, Hyun Mi Oh, Mi-Jeong Yoon, Geun-Young Park, Donghyeon Kim, Tae-Woo Kim, Sun Im
  Frontiers in Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Accuracy of Balloons and Handheld Spirometers as Low-Cost Tools for Measuring Vital Capacity and Air Volume: A Laboratory-Based Validation Study
  James A. Curtis, Mel Grasso, Brandon Jagdhar
  Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
• Revisiting strength-based intensive care unit dysphagia rehabilitation by integrating coordination measures and sensory adjuncts
  Dan Zhao, Tao Zhou, Li Chen, Xiaochun Wu
  Australian Critical Care.2026; 39(3): 101567.     CrossRef
• Bone Turnover Markers as Biomarkers of Cough Dysfunction and Respiratory Risk in Subacute Ischemic Stroke
  Ki-Hyeok Ku, Seung Don Yoo, Dong Hwan Kim, Seung Ah Lee, Sung Joon Chung, Jinkyeong Park, Sae Rom Kim, Eo Jin Park
  Diagnostics.2026; 16(7): 1008.     CrossRef
• Impact of inspiratory muscle training on aspiration symptoms in patients with dysphagia following ischemic stroke
  Shan Liu, Zhenfeng Fan, Minke FU, Keling Cheng, Xin Zhang, Jun Ni, ZhiYong Wang
  Brain Research.2025; 1850: 149396.     CrossRef
• Predicting pneumonia algorithm in stroke patients
  Jong Weon Lee, Hyun-Joung Lee, Hyeon Ju Jang, Yeseul Yun, Deog Young Kim
  Frontiers in Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Does Cough Peak Flow Hold the Key to Safer Swallowing Assessments in Acute Brain Injury?
  Fabiana Nery Ribeiro Oliveira, Fernando de Aguiar Lemos, Thaís Ferreira Lopes Diniz Maia, Maria Deborah Monteiro de Albuquerque, Armèle Dornelas de Andrade, Paulo André Freire Magalhães, Yujie Chen
  International Journal of Clinical Practice.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pulmonary Function Tests Post-Stroke. Correlation between Lung Function, Severity of Stroke, and Improvement after Respiratory Muscle Training
  Fotios Drakopanagiotakis, Konstantinos Bonelis, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Dimitrios Tsiptsios, Anastasia Sousanidou, Foteini Christidi, Aimilios Gkantzios, Aspasia Serdari, Styliani Voutidou, Chrysoula-Maria Takou, Christos Kokkotis, Nikolaos Aggelousis, Ko
  Neurology International.2024; 16(1): 139.     CrossRef
• A simple nomogram for predicting aspiration associated with dysphagia in hospitalized patients after stroke
  Lihua Chen, Juan Li, Fang Tian, Huan Tang, Zuoxiu Chen, Chao Xue, Mingqing Hao, Juan Xue
  Neurological Sciences.2024; 45(6): 2729.     CrossRef
• Flujo máximo de tos y evaluación de la deglución: Una revisión de literatura
  Amalia Nanjarí R , María del Carmen Campos
  Revista Científica Signos Fónicos.2024; 10(1): 7.     CrossRef
• Predictive Ability of Systemic Inflammation Response Index for the Risk of Pneumonia in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
  Dan Yan, Caijun Dai, Ruoting Xu, Qiqi Huang, Wenwei Ren
  Gerontology.2023; 69(2): 181.     CrossRef
• Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with respiratory training on dysphagia in post-stroke patients
  Hao Li, Long Zhao, Xiaokai Yuan, Qingjuan Zhang, Yatao Pang, Hongling Li
  Technology and Health Care.2023; 31(1): 11.     CrossRef
• Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Literature Review
  Jackie McRae, Sarah Morgan, Emma Wallace, Anna Miles
  Dysphagia.2023; 38(4): 1025.     CrossRef
• Could clinical nursing procedures lead to tracheal cuff pressure drop? A prospective observational study
  Lijun Xiang, Meng Cao, Yuan Wang, Xuemei Song, Miaoqin Tan, Xiaomei Zhang
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2022; 31(5-6): 623.     CrossRef
• Cough reflex testing in clinical dysphagia practice
  Emma S. Wallace, Maggie-lee Huckabee, Phoebe Macrae
  Advances in Communication and Swallowing.2022; 25(2): 73.     CrossRef
• Vitamin D level in relation to phonetic function among subacute stroke patients
  Eo Jin Park, Seung Don Yoo
  Medicine.2022; 101(50): e31769.     CrossRef
• Questionnaire survey on nurses and speech therapists regarding dysphagia rehabilitation in Japan
  Kengo Kato, Ryoukichi Ikeda, Jun Suzuki, Ai Hirano-Kawamoto, Yayoi Kamakura, Masako Fujiu-Kurachi, Masamitsu Hyodo, Shin-Ichi Izumi, Shigeto Koyama, Keiichi Sasaki, Junko Nakajima, Takahiro Karaho, Yurika Kimura, Yoshihiko Kumai, Yasushi Fujimoto, Takahar
  Auris Nasus Larynx.2021; 48(2): 241.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Swallowing Function, Diet Level and Pulmonary Function in Post-Stroke Patients
  Myungeun Yoo, Hyo Jeong Lee, Eu Jeong Ko, Jinyoung Park, Yoon Ghil Park
  Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2021; 11(1): 25.     CrossRef
• Usefulness of Maximal Expiratory Pressure in Evaluating Dysphagia after Ischemic Stroke
  Bo Seong Jang, Ho Joong Jeong, Han Eum Choi, Jae Hyun Lee, Young Joo Sim, Ghi Chan Kim
  Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2021; 11(1): 59.     CrossRef
• Utilizing Pulmonary Function Parameters to Predict Dysphagia in Individuals With Cervical Spinal Cord Injuries
  So Jung Lee, Sungchul Huh, Sung-Hwa Ko, Ji Hong Min, Hyun-Yoon Ko
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(6): 450.     CrossRef
• Peak Voluntary Cough Flow and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia as Risk Factors for Pneumonia
  Jayoon Choi, Sora Baek, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(6): 431.     CrossRef
• Response to the Commentary on ‘Concordant Validity of a Digital Peak Cough Flow Meter to Assess Voluntary Cough Strength in Individuals with ALS’
  L. Tabor Gray, T. Vasilopoulos, E. K. Plowman
  Dysphagia.2020; 35(5): 876.     CrossRef

Transcranial electrical stimulation-motor evoked potential (TES-MEP) is a valuable intraoperative monitoring technique during brain tumor surgery. However, TES can stimulate deep subcortical areas located far from the motor cortex. There is a concern about false-negative results from the use of TES-MEP during resection of those tumors adjacent to the primary motor cortex. Our study reports three cases of TES-MEP monitoring with false-negative results due to deep axonal stimulation during brain tumor resection. Although no significant change in TES-MEP was observed during surgery, study subjects experienced muscle weakness after surgery. Deep axonal stimulation of TES could give false-negative results. Therefore, a combined method of TES-MEP and direct cortical stimulation-motor evoked potential (DCS-MEP) or direct subcortical stimulation should be considered to overcome the limitation of TES-MEP.

Citations

• Detecting and Addressing Secondary Neural Injuries in Cranial Surgery: Case Report
  Justin W. Silverstein, James Duehr, Sabena Vilaysom, Michael Schulder, Daniel G. Eichberg
  The Neurodiagnostic Journal.2024; 64(4): 203.     CrossRef
• Short and long-term prognostic value of intraoperative motor evoked potentials in brain tumor patients: a case series of 121 brain tumor patients
  Justin W. Silverstein, Harshal A. Shah, Prashin Unadkat, Sabena Vilaysom, John A. Boockvar, David J. Langer, Jason A. Ellis, Randy S. D’Amico
  Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2023; 161(1): 127.     CrossRef
• Real world demonstration of hand motor mapping using the structural connectivity atlas
  Karol Osipowicz, Christos Profyris, Alana Mackenzie, Peter Nicholas, Peter Rudder, Hugh M. Taylor, Isabella M. Young, Angus W. Joyce, Lewis Dobbin, Onur Tanglay, Lerroy Thompson, Tshimollo Mashilwane, Michael E. Sughrue, Stephane Doyen
  Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2023; 228: 107679.     CrossRef
• Usefulness of Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential in Clipping Surgery for Cerebral Aneurysms-Introduction of a New Protocol for Stable Monitoring
  Tatsuya SASAKI, Kensuke MURAKAMI, Atsushi SAITO, Shinya HARYU, Masayuki KAMEYAMA, Yoshiharu TAKAHASHI, Satoru TAKAMURO, Nana KATO, Toshiki ENDO
  Neurologia medico-chirurgica.2023; 63(9): 409.     CrossRef
• Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring for supratentorial brain tumor surgery
  Han Gil Seo
  Journal of Intraoperative Neurophysiology.2020; 2(2): 73.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate whether fracture type, surgical procedure, or fracture grade affect knee pain during postoperative rehabilitation after a hip fracture.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective case-controlled study of 139 patients during postoperative rehabilitation after surgery for hip fractures. Patients were divided into two groups: patients experiencing knee pain during the first week of postoperative rehabilitation, and patients without knee pain. We compared the types of fracture, surgical procedure, and fracture grade between the two groups.
Results
We enrolled 52 patients (37.4%) with knee pain during the first weeks of postoperative rehabilitation. For type of fracture, knee pain was more common with intertrochanteric fracture than with femur neck fracture (48.8% vs. 21.1%, respectively; p=0.001). For the surgical procedure, there was no significant difference between the groups. For the fracture grade, the grades classified as unstable fractures were more common in the group of intertrochanteric fracture patients with knee pain than in those without knee pain (74.1% vs. 36.4%, respectively; p=0.002).
Conclusion
Intertrochanteric fracture affected knee pain after hip fracture surgery more than did femur neck fracture, particularly in unstable fractures. Furthermore, there was no difference in each fracture type according to the surgical procedure. Careful examination and management for knee pain is needed in patients with hip fracture surgery.

Citations

• High Prevalence of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis Among Patients Who Have Fragility Hip Fractures
  Korawish Mekariya, Ekasame Vanitcharoenkul, Pojchong Chotiyarnwong, Nath Adulkasem, Aasis Unnanuntana
  The Journal of Arthroplasty.2025; 40(8): 2179.     CrossRef
• Post-hip fracture knee pain in older adults: a narrative review
  Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata
  Aging Advances.2025; 2(2): 62.     CrossRef
• Post‐hip‐fracture knee pain in older adults prolongs their hospital stays: A retrospective analysis using propensity score matching
  Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata, Hironori Arii
  Physiotherapy Research International.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Predictors of post‐hip fracture knee pain in hospitalized older adults with intertrochanteric femoral fracture
  Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata, Hironori Arii
  PM&R.2023; 15(5): 563.     CrossRef
• Femoral morphology is associated with development of knee pain after hip fracture injury among older adults: A nine-year retrospective study
  Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata, Hironori Arii, Masayuki Tazawa, Takehiko Yamaji
  Journal of Orthopaedics.2021; 24: 190.     CrossRef
• Inpatient knee pain after hip fracture surgery affects gait speed in older adults: A retrospective chart‐referenced study
  Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata, Hironori Arii, Takehiko Yamaji
  Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2021; 21(9): 830.     CrossRef
• Thirty-Day Readmission After Radical Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: A Meta-analysis
  Zhang Dan, Deng YiNan, Yang ZengXi, Wang XiChen, Pan JieBin, Yin LanNing
  Journal of Surgical Research.2019; 243: 180.     CrossRef

Objective
To analyze the respiratory function of high cervical cord injury according to ventilator dependence and to examine the correlations between diaphragm movement found on fluoroscopy and sensory and motor functions.
Methods
A total of 67 patients with high cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), admitted to our hospital were enrolled in the study. One rehabilitation physician performed sensory and motor examinations on all patients while each patient was in the supine position on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) standard. In addition, fluoroscopic diaphragm movement studies and bedside spirometry were performed.
Results
Bedside spirometry and diaphragm fluoroscopic tests were analyzed according to ventilator dependence. Forced vital capacity and maximal inspiratory pressure were significantly higher in the ventilator weaned group. Natural breathing during the fluoroscopic diaphragm examinations and ventilator weaning showed statistical significance with the movement on the right, while deep breathing showed statistical significance with the movement on both sides. Deep breathing movement has correlation with the C5 key muscle. Diaphragm movement has correlation with right C3 and bilateral C4 sensory functions.
Conclusion
The present expansion study showed that, through simple bedside physical examinations, rehabilitation physicians could relatively easily predict diaphragm movement and respiratory function recovery, which showed significance with ventilator weaning in patients with high cervical SCI.

Citations

• A multimodal respiratory weaning intervention for adult critical care patients mechanically ventilated with cervical spinal cord injury: a quality improvement project
  Tammy J. Lea, Adam J. C. Harriman, James Hodson, Jonathan Weblin
  Spinal Cord.2025; 63(11): 579.     CrossRef
• Predicting extubation in patients with traumatic cervical spinal cord injury using the diaphragm electrical activity during a single maximal maneuver
  Rui Zhang, Xiaoting Xu, Hui Chen, Jennifer Beck, Christer Sinderby, Haibo Qiu, Yi Yang, Ling Liu
  Annals of Intensive Care.2023; 13(1): 122.     CrossRef
• Respiratory Complications and Weaning Considerations for Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Narrative Review
  Kristopher A. Hendershot, Kristine H. O’Phelan
  Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 13(1): 97.     CrossRef
• Separation from mechanical ventilation and survival after spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Annia F. Schreiber, Jacopo Garlasco, Fernando Vieira, Yie Hui Lau, Dekel Stavi, David Lightfoot, Andrea Rigamonti, Karen Burns, Jan O. Friedrich, Jeffrey M. Singh, Laurent J. Brochard
  Annals of Intensive Care.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef