Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

"Pressure algometer"

Original Articles

Reliability and Usefulness of the Pressure Pain Threshold Measurement in Patients with Myofascial Pain: Giburm Park, Chan Woo Kim, Si Bog Park, Mi Jung Kim, Seong Ho Jang; Ann Rehabil Med 2011;35(3):412-417. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2011.35.3.412

Abstract
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Objective

To assess the usefulness of a pressure algometer to measure pressure pain threshold (PPT) for diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in the upper extremity and trunk muscles.

Method

A group of 221 desk workers complaining of upper body pain participated in this study. Five physiatrists made the diagnosis of MPS using physical examination and PPT measurements. PPT measurements were determined for several muscles in the back and upper extremities. Mean PPT data for gender, side, and dominant hand groups were analyzed. Sensitivity and specificity of Fischer's standard method were evaluated. PPT cut-off values for each muscle group were determined using an ROC curve.

Results

Cronbach's alpha for each muscle was very high. The PPT in men was higher than in females, and the PPT in the left side was higher than in the right side for all muscles tested (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in PPT for all muscles between dominant and non-dominant hand groups. Diagnosis of MPS based on Fischer's standard showed relatively high specificity and poor sensitivity.

Conclusion

The digital pressure algometer showed high reliability. PPT might be a useful parameter for assessing a treatment's effect, but not for use in diagnosis or even as a screening method.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Usefulness of Electronic Pressure Algometer in Evaluation of Pressure Pain Threshold in Normal Korean Adults.: Lee, Joong Hoon , Lee, Jae Ho , Shin, Hee Suk , Yoon, Chul Ho , Oh, Min Kyun , Kwon, Soo Hyeon; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2008;32(6):698-702.

Abstract
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Objective: To examine pressure pain threshold (PPT) on several skeletal muscles in upper extremity, trunk, and lower extremity by using electronic pressure algometer and to evaluate it's interrater reliability, reproducibility, difference between gender and dominance, correlation with body mass index, and comparison among each muscles. Method: Forty healthy adults (male 27, female 13) were examined by two raters and reexamined in the same order after a rest of 10 minute. PPT at the splenius capitis, upper trapezius, infraspinatus, lumbar paraspinal muscle, extensor carpi radialis, vastus medialis, and gluteus medius muscles of both side was measured by medical electronic algometer. Rate of force application was approximately 2 lb/sec. Body mass index (BMI) was estimated from the individual's body weight by the square of their height. Results: There were no statistical differences of PPTs at all muscles between two raters, between two test with time interval, and between dominant and nondominant side, respectively. PPT in man was higher than female at all muscles. There was significant correlation between BMI and PPT at lumbar paraspinal muscle, vastus medialis, and gluteus medius only in male. PPT was highest at lumbar paraspinal muscle and lowest at splenius capitis. Conclusion: Electronic pressure algometer is a reliable tool for evaluation of PPT which has high interrater reliability and high reproducibility and is not affected by dominance and location of muscles. Therefore, it is a useful clinical tool to compare PPT before and after treatment and to study the mechanism of musculoskeletal pain research program. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2008; 32: 698-702)