Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

Effects of the Combined Therapy with Raloxifene and Low-Dose Intermittent Fluoride for Two Years in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis.: Chung, Suk Mo , Kim, Ghi Chan; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2007;31(2):207-212.

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Objective
To compare the effects of raloxifene alone with a combination of raloxifene and fluoride in postmenopausal osteoporosis on bone mineral density, bone turnover and lipid profiles, at 2 year. Method: Fifty two women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (T-score＜2.5) were studied. Subjects were divided into two groups; Group I (n=23), treated with raloxifene and fluoride, and Group II (n=29), treated with raloxifene alone. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femur, osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and 2 years after treatment. Results: BMD at the lumbar spine was increased in two groups, and BMD in Group I was increased more than that in Group II. Osteocalcin was increased in Group I, and was decreased in Group II. Deoxypyridinoline was decreased in two groups. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were decreased in two groups, but HDL cholesterol and triglyceride showed no significant change in two groups. There were no significant differences between two groups in lipid profiles. Conclusion: The combined therapy with raloxifene and low- dose intermittent fluoride was more effective in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis than raloxifene alone, which would not influence on positive effect of raloxifene for lipid metabolism. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2007; 31: 207-212)

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The Effect of Vitamin K2 in Addition to Risedronate on the Patients with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.: Kim, Sang Beom , Ryoo, Kyung Hyun , Lee, Kyeong Woo , Kwak, Hyun , Yoon, Kisung; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2006;30(5):491-495.

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Objective
To assess the effect of vitamin K2 in addition to risedronate on postmenopausal osteoporosis Method: We enrolled 21 postmenopausal osteoporosis women (age: 65.2⁑7.8 years). Ten subjects received risedronate (35 mg, weekly) and vitamin K2 (45 mg, daily) and eleven subjects only received risedronate. They all received calcium citrate 2,130 mg and vitamin D 600 IU daily. The duration of treatment was 7.7⁑1.4 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and both femurs, serum osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline were examined at baseline and after treatment. Results: After treatment, BMD, serum osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline were improved in each group but there was no statistical difference between the groups. Conclusion: There was no evidence of the benefit of vitamin K2 in addition to risedronate in bone metabolism on postmenopausal osteoporosis. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2006; 30: 491-495)

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Therapeutic Effect according to Estrogen Dosage on Combined Therapy with Estrogen and Alendronate in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.: Kim, Ghi Chan , Jeong, Ho Joong , Ha, Ho Sung , Lee, Sang Jin; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2006;30(3):247-253.

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Objective
To compare the difference of bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical markers, and lipid profiles according to dosage of estrogen on combined therapy with estrogen and alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Method: We studied 81 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (T-score＜2.5) from March 2002 to February 2005. Subjects were divided in two groups; Group I (n=36), treated with low dose hormone therapy (HT) (0.3 mg estrogen/1.25 mg MPA (Medroxyprogesterone acetate)) and alendronate, and Group II (n=45), treated with standard dose HT (0.625 mg estrogen/2.5 mg MPA) and alendronate. BMD at the L-spine and femur, osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline, and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and 1 year after treatment.Results: BMD at the L-spine increased significantly in two groups and BMD at the femur increased but showed no statistical differences. Deoxypyridinoline and osteocalcin decreased significantly in two group. Total cholesterol and LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol decreased significantly in two groups, no significant difference was observed between two groups in BMD, osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline, and lipid profiles. Conclusion: We concluded that combined therapy with low dose estrogen and alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis showed similar therapeutic effect provied by combined therapy of standard dose estrogen and alendronate. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2006; 30: 247-253)

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Changes of Bone Mineral Density, Lipid Profiles, and Biochemical Markers after Combination Therapy of Estrogen and Alendronate in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.: Kim, Ghi Chan , Jeong, Ho Joong , Chung, Suk Mo , Roh, Kyung Hwan; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2002;26(2):208-214.

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Objective: To investigate the changes of bone mineral density (BMD), biochemical bone markers, and lipid profiles after combination therapy of continuous hormonal replacement therapy (c-HRT) and alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Method: We studied 89 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (T-score＜2.5) who visited at Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kosin Medical Center from August 1999 to March 2001. Subjects were divided into two groups; Group I (n=40), treated with estrogen and alendronate (10 mg/day), and Group II (n=49), treated with estrogen alone. BMD at the lumbar spine and femur, osteocalcin, urine deoxypyridinoline and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and 1-year after treatment.

Results: 1) BMD at the lumbar spine increased significantly

in two groups, and BMD in Group I increased significantly more than that in Group II. But, change of BMD on femoral neck was not significantly different. 2) Biochemical bone markers (osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline) decreased significantly in two groups. 3) Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased significantly in two groups, but HDL cholesterol and triglyceride showed no significant change in two groups. There was no significant differences between two groups in lipid profiles.

Conclusion: We concluded that combination therapy with c- HRT and alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis was more effective than c-HRT, which would not influence on positive effect of estrogen for lipid metabolism. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2002; 26: 208-214)

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Relationship among Estradiol, Lipid Profile, Biochemical Markers, and Bone Mineral Density according to Postmenopausal Period.: Kim, Ghi Chan , Jeong, Ho Joong , Jeong, Sang Wook , Chung, Heung Chae; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2000;24(2):318-325.

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Objective: To determine whether estradiol (E₂), lipid profile, biochemical markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) are related according to postmenopausal period.

Method: One hundred fifty four women were divided into four groups according to the time past menopause: group I (0∼5 years), group II (6∼10 years), group III (11∼15 years), group IV (more than 16 years). Group I, II, III were subdivided into osteoporosis group (t-score＜⁣2.5) and non-osteoporosis group (t-score≥⁣2.5). E₂, lipid profile, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, deoxypyridinoline, and BMD by DEXA were measured in all groups.

Results: There were significant inverse correlation between BMD and postmenopausal period (p＜0.05). Deoxypyridinoline and osteocalcin were correlated with postmenopausal period but there was no statistical significance. Deoxypyridinoline and osteocalcin were increased in osteoporosis group compared to non-osteoporosis group but there was no statistical significance. E₂ had significant inverse correlations with postmenopausal period (p＜0.05). E₂had no correlation with factors such as biochemical markers and lipid profile in group I, II, III but had adverse correlation with deoxypyridinoline in group IV.

Conclusion: No specific biochemical markers regarding the duration of menopause were found. Regardless of the duration of menopause, checking both osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline was statistically significant for the evaluation of postmenopausal osteoporosis.