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To estimate hours of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) performed by people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and to identify the demographic and injury-related characteristics associated with LTPA of people with chronic SCI.
Seventy nine persons with SCI living in Busan and Gyongsangnam-do were recruited. They completed a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of items about personal characteristics, type of LTPA, hours of LTPA, LTPA intensity, and LTPA satisfaction.
Most participants (92.4%) did not work. The respondents reported a daily mean of 3.13 hours (±1.47) of LTPA; however, 3.8% reported no LTPA whatsoever. Years post-injury, income sources, and type of medical payment emerged as a predictors of LTPA. Years post-injury were positively correlated with amount of leisure activity. In the case of self income, LTPA was longer than for groups with different income sources (e.g.partner, parents). For patients receiving workers' compensation insurance, LTPA was longer than for patients receiving non-WC insurance. Most LTPA was done at a moderate intensity. The three most frequently reported types of LTPA were wheeling (26%), sports (19%), and stretching exercise (15%). There was overall dissatisfaction with LTPA.
Daily LTPA hours were longer than previously reported, but wheeling accounted for a large part of the activity. Intensity of activity was generally moderate. The employment rate was very low. Clearly, participating in regular LTPA for health purposes is very important to people with chronic SCI, but it is also important for them to have jobs.
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Method 14 healthy people performed cardiopulmonary exercise test by means of Bruce protocol. The omnidirectional PATs were placed onto the right wrist and ankle, and the temperature sensing PATs were placed onto the right arm and lower leg. Simultaneous measurement of body motion was continuously recorded during cardiopulmonary exercise test. Then we checked total calorie expenditure and duration above moderated intensity activity (＞3 METs) from each PATs and gas analyzer.
Results Total calorie expenditures of PAT were significantly underestimated than gas analyzer, except the temperature sensing PAT applied onto the leg, but all of them showed significant correlation. The duration above moderate intensity activity of the PAT did not show significant difference comparing with gas analyzer, except the omnidirectional PAT applied onto the arm, but all of them showed significant correlation.
Conclusion Both omnidirectional PATs and temperature sensing PATs could estimate the total calorie expenditure and the duration above moderate intensity activity. But it is necessary to apply exercise-specific protocol to PAT to enhance the accuracy of estimating energy expenditure during periods of exercise.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of facet joint injection in the conservative management of osteoporotic spinal compression fractures
Method: Among 27 patients with osteoporotic spinal compression fractures which were confirmed by plain radiography and bone densitometry (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), 9 patients were control group and 18 patients received facet joint injection treatment. Facet joint injection of thoracolumbar spine was done under fluoroscopic guide with 1% lidocaine 1 ml and triamcinolone 10 mg at each joint above and below the level of compression fracture at both side. Main outcome measures were visual analog scale (VAS), spinal movement (modified Schober's and lateral bending test), and physical activity from bed-ridden state (grade I) to outdoor activity without pain (grade V). The treatment outcomes were assessed before injection, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after injection.
Results: There were significant decrease in VAS at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after injection in the study group (p＜0.05). Physical activity was significantly improved at post injection 2 weeks and 4 weeks (p＜0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in spinal movement.
Conclusion: These results suggest that facet joint injection of thoracolumbar spine is useful method in the conservative management of painful osteoporotic compression fractures.
Objective: The aims of this study were to know the effects of long time bed immobilization on the heart rate variability and to know the correlation between the heart rate variability and other anthropometric parameters.
Method: The subjects of this study were 60 normal sedentary persons as control group and 22 patients who had been immobilized for a long time because of musculoskeletal problems without any systemic diseases. The heart rate variabilities were measured through the R-R interval variation at rest, deep breathing and valsalva maneuver. These values were compared between control and patient group and were analysed for correlation with age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), amounts of smoking (pack years), spans of immobilization and physical activity scale (PAS).
Results: The mean heart rate variability of patients were 0.132⁑0.072, 0.216⁑0.109, and 0.289⁑0.171 in rest, deep breathing and valsalva maneuver respectively which were lower than the corresponding 0.176⁑0.085, 0.314⁑0.146, and 0.322⁑0.174 of normal control group. The heart rate variabilities were negatively correlated with age, BMI and amounts of smoking but positively correlated with the height. The physical activity scale of preimmobilization state was negatively correlated with resting heart rate variability but was positively correlated with heart rate variability during deep breathing and valsalva maneuvering state.
Conclusion: The long bed immobilization significantly decreased the heart rate variability and the heart rate variability could be used as a useful tool to measure the effects of immobilization on the heart.
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