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Original Article

Physical therapy

Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Post-Laminectomy Lumbar Epidural Fibrosis
Usama M. Rashad, Marwa Hany Abousenna, Amr K. Elsamman, Nagwa Ibrahim Rehab
Ann Rehabil Med 2025;49(2):81-90.   Published online April 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.240118
Objective
To investigate the effectiveness of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) on pain, lumbar range of motion (ROM) and F-wave minimal latency and F-chronodispersion in patients with post laminectomy epidural fibrosis.
Methods
Sixty patients complaining of low back pain and sciatica secondary to lumbar post laminectomy epidural fibrosis were allocated to one of the two equal groups (study and control groups). Pain intensity, lumbar ROM, and F-wave latency and F-chronodispersion were assessed pre- and posttreatment using visual analogue scale (VAS), Back ROM II device, and Neuro-MEP-Micro electromyography device, respectively.
Results
Posttreatment mean values showed statistically significant decrease in VAS mean scores in both groups, with more significant decrease posttreatment in favor of the study group. There was statistically significant increase in all lumbar ROM mean scores and statistically significant decrease in F-minimal latency and F-chronodispersion for both peroneal and tibial nerves in the study group only posttreatment. Also, the results showed that significant positive moderate correlation between VAS scores and F-chronodispersion for peroneal nerve, strong negative correlation between right side bending scores and F-wave minimal latency for peroneal nerve and moderate negative correlation between left side bending scores and F-wave minimal latency for peroneal nerve after treatment.
Conclusion
It was concluded that rESWT is a new and convenient modality, that would be beneficial if added to the conventional physical therapy protocols in managing patients with lumbar post-laminectomy epidural fibrosis.
  • 1,134 View
  • 30 Download

Review Article

Spinal cord injury

Effects of Botulinum Toxin-A for Spasticity and Nociceptive Pain in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman, Zeeshan Ahmad Khan, Irin Sultana Nila, Vanina Myuriel Villagra Moran, Madhuvilakku Rajesh, Won Jong Yang, Yonggeun Hong
Ann Rehabil Med 2024;48(3):192-202.   Published online June 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.240034
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the protective effects of botulinum toxin-A (Botox-A) on spasticity and nociceptive pain in individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCIs). PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to July 2023. The primary outcome of interest was spasticity and nociceptive pain. We pooled the available data using the generic inverse variance method, and we used a fixed-effect/random-effects model. We then calculated standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to estimate the effect size. A total of fourteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria comprised two randomized controlled trials, five pre-post studies, and seven case reports. Across the various study designs, the majority of trials were assessed to have fair to high quality. The meta-analysis shows that Botox-A significantly decreased spasticity (SMD, -1.73; 95% CI, -2.51 to -0.95; p<0.0001, I2=48%) and nociceptive pain (SMD, -1.79; 95% CI, -2.67 to -0.91; p<0.0001, I2=0%) in SCI patients. Furthermore, Botox-A intervention improved motor function, activities of daily living (ADL), and quality of life. Our study suggests that Botox-A may alleviate spasticity and nociceptive pain in SCI patients. Moreover, the observed improvements in motor function, ADL, and overall quality of life following Botox-A intervention underscore its pivotal role in enhancing patient outcomes.
  • 3,677 View
  • 102 Download

Original Articles

Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

Chronic Neck Pain Prevalence Before and After COVID-19 Restrictions and Its Relationship With Digital Device Screen Viewing: A Population Study
Tomas Nakazato, Pablo Quezada, César Gutiérrez, Franco Romaní
Ann Rehabil Med 2024;48(2):124-134.   Published online April 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.230030
Objective
To estimate the prevalence of chronic neck pain (CNP) among the adult population in Peru during the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restriction period compared with that during the pre-pandemic period and evaluate its association with prolonged digital devices connected to the internet (DDCI) screen viewing.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using a representative sample of adults living in Peru in November 2022. A structured survey was employed to identify CNP, and the exposure variable was set as the duration of DDCI screen viewing. The McNemar test was used to compare CNP prevalence pre- and post-COVID-19 restrictions, and ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate its association with prolonged screen viewing.
Results
A total of 1,202 individuals participated, with 52.8% females and 79.9% residing in urban areas. Following the restrictions, the prevalence of CNP occurring daily or almost daily and at least once a week was 14.8% and 27.8%, respectively (95% confidence Interval [95% CI], 12.6–17.3 and 24.9–30.9), representing a significant increase (p<0.001) compared with pre-pandemic estimates. Notably, among those viewing DDCI screens for ≥8 hours, the odds ratio for CNP frequency escalation compared with those who did not or rarely view screens was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.04–2.50; p=0.033).
Conclusion
Approximately 4 of 10 adults in Peru experienced CNP following the lifting of COVID-19 social restrictions, more than double the pre-pandemic prevalence. Furthermore, prolonged viewing of DDCI screens increased the risk of having this condition.
  • 4,046 View
  • 95 Download

Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

Health-Related Quality of Life is Associated With Pain, Kinesiophobia, and Physical Activity in Individuals Who Underwent Cervical Spine Surgery
Daisuke Higuchi, Yu Kondo, Yuta Watanabe, Takahiro Miki
Ann Rehabil Med 2024;48(1):57-64.   Published online February 8, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23142
Objective
To determine the association between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and neck pain, kinesiophobia, and modalities of physical activity in individuals with postoperative degenerative cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy (DCM/R) because postoperative pain after cervical spine surgery is likely to persist, causing kinesiophobia and avoidance of physical activity.
Methods
A questionnaire was distributed to 280 individuals with DCM/R. The questionnaire comprised the following four items: HRQOL (EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-level), neck pain (numerical rating scale [NRS]), kinesiophobia (11-item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia [TSK-11]), and physical activity (paid work, light exercise, walking, strength training, and gardening). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed using the NRS, TSK-11, and physical activity as independent variables.
Results
In total, 126 individuals provided analyzable responses (45.0%). After including the NRS score as an independent variable to the multiple regression equation for participants’ background, the independent rate of the regression equation significantly improved by only 4.1% (R2=0.153). The addition of the TSK-11 score significantly improved this effect by 11.1% (R2=0.264). Finally, the addition of physical activity also significantly improved the explanatory rate by 9.9% (R2=0.363).
Conclusion
Neck pain, kinesiophobia, and physical activity (specifically paid work and walking) were independently associated with HRQOL in individuals with postoperative DCM/R.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Short‐Term Effects of Kinesio Taping on Pain and Functionality in Patients With Cervical Spine Surgery
    Masoud Amir Rashedi Bonab, Tugba Kuru Colak, Ipek Yeldan, Deniz Konya, Zafer O. Toktaş
    European Journal of Pain.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,916 View
  • 75 Download
  • 1 Crossref

Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

Efficacy and Safety of High Density LED Irradiation Therapy for Patients With Hand Osteoarthritis: A Single-Center Clinical Study
Kyungmin Kim, Sung Hoon Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Sang Yeol Yong, Won Woo Choi, Sun Jung Kim, Hyuk Do Kim, Kyung Joon Oh, Dae Ryong Kang, Sehwa Hong, Jiseon Hong
Ann Rehabil Med 2024;48(1):50-56.   Published online December 12, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23127
Objective
To assess the safety and effectiveness of high-density light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation therapy in patients with hand osteoarthritis (OA) and compare the pre- and post-intervention symptoms.
Methods
Twenty-three patients with hand OA underwent eight sessions of high-density LED irradiation therapy directed at the five most painful areas in the finger joints. Each session lasted for 18 minutes; and the sessions were conducted twice a week, for 4 weeks. We evaluated the degree of pain using the visual analogue scale, ring size, and passive range of motion (flexion+extension) for two most painful joints from the baseline to post-therapy (weeks 4 and 6).
Results
High-density LED irradiation therapy significantly reduced the pain posttreatment compared with that observed at the baseline (p<0.001). Although improvements were observed in ring size and joint range of motion at 4 and 6 weeks, they were not statistically significant (p>0.05). No adverse events were observed.
Conclusion
We examined the safety and effectiveness of high-density LED irradiation therapy in reducing pain and hand swelling and improving joint mobility in patients with hand OA. These results suggest that high-density LED irradiation therapy has the potential to be an important strategy for managing hand OA.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Letter to the Editor: Efficacy and Safety of High Density LED Irradiation Therapy for Patients With Hand Osteoarthritis: A Single-Center Clinical Study
    Vanshika Agarwal, Jeyanthi. S, Adarsh Sharma
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 49(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Response: Efficacy and Safety of High Density LED Irradiation Therapy for Patients With Hand Osteoarthritis: A Single-Center Clinical Study (Ann Rehabil Med 2024;48:50-6)
    Jiseon Hong
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 49(1): 3.     CrossRef
  • Photobiomodulation Literature Watch December 2023
    James D. Carroll
    Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery.2024; 42(10): 660.     CrossRef
  • 3,916 View
  • 107 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref

Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

The Relationship Between Low Back Pain and Sagittal Spinal Alignment and Back Muscle Mass in Korean Fishery Workers
Minjung Kook, Insuh Kim, Jeongyeon Seo, Hyundong Kim, Heesung Nam, Nami Han
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(6):459-467.   Published online November 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23075
Objective
To investigate the relationship between low back pain (LBP) and sagittal spino-pelvic parameters along with the relationship between LBP and back muscle mass in Korean male and female fishery workers.
Methods
This retrospective study included a total of 146 subjects who underwent Fishermen’s health survey conducted between June 2018 and August 2020. LBP was evaluated through visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Sagittal spino-pelvic parameters were measured from whole spine standing X-rays. Back muscle cross-sectional areas were identified through lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging and body composition was analyzed through bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Results
The study included 75 males and 71 females, with an average age of 58.33 years for males and 56.45 years for females. Female subjects exhibited higher VAS and ODI scores, larger pelvic tilt (PT) and trunk fat mass and smaller trunk muscle mass compared to males. In female, ODI positively correlated with sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and PT. No significant correlations were found between ODI scores and body composition in either sex. The high ODI group showed greater SVA, PT, and pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis and higher trunk fat/muscle ratio. Psoas muscle mass, total and skeletal muscle mass and trunk muscle mass of that group were smaller than those of low ODI group.
Conclusion
Spino-pelvic parameters and back muscle mass were associated with ODI and there were differences between Korean male and female fishery workers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Interrelationships of cervical spine sagittal alignment and whole spinopelvic alignment under implications of musculoskeletal health among independent elderly women in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study
    Tzai-Chiu Yu, Wen-Tien Wu, Ru-Ping Lee, Ing-Ho Chen, Jen-Hung Wang, Shu-Hui Wen, Kuang-Ting Yeh, Barry Kweh
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(10): e0312082.     CrossRef
  • 3,845 View
  • 109 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref

Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

Comprehensive Physical Work Capacity Evaluations for Korean Farmers Assessed in Healthy Volunteers
Seungsu Jeong, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park, Sora Baek
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(6):468-482.   Published online November 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23055
Objective
To establish the lower limits of normative values of the physical work capacity for Korean farmers in healthy working individual.
Methods
We developed a comprehensive set of physical work capacity evaluation items that encompass common farming tasks. These items include measurements of trunk flexion/extension angles, strength (hand grip, trunk flexion/extension, leg/back lifting, and pushing/pulling), and positional tolerances. We calculated the normative values for the items and defined the normal range in 124 healthy volunteers aged 20–79 years. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to validate the test-retest reliability of the measurements protocol.
Results
The normal values for each measurement item were as follows: trunk flexion and extension angle (65.3°±11.6° and 29.6°±6.6°), dominant hand grip strength (32.2±10.5 kgf), trunk flexion and extension strength (288.4±119.0 N and 297.3±129.9 N), leg and back lifting strength (452.9±233.5 N and 349.2±166.7 N), pushing and pulling strength (214.7±75.1 N and 221.7±63.3 N), and positional tolerance time (squat: 76.8±9.0 seconds, front: 73.8±7.7 seconds, twist: 82.2±8.8 seconds, upward: 71.9±11.3 seconds). Regarding test-retest reliability, all strength measurements demonstrated excellent absolute agreement (ICC, 0.91–0.96). However, positional tolerance showed poor-to-moderate absolute agreement (ICC, 0.37–0.58).
Conclusion
We conducted measurements of muscle strength and positional tolerance in healthy participants of various ages, focusing on tasks commonly performed by Korean farmers. The outcomes hold significant value as they offer a pertinent instrument for assessing the appropriateness of workers, thereby carrying implications for rehabilitation objectives, legal evaluations, and work capacity assessments within the agricultural domain.
  • 2,822 View
  • 79 Download

Physical Therapy

Effect of Adding Physiotherapy Program to the Conservative Medical Therapy on Quality of Life and Pain in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients
Khaled Z. Fouda, Hadaya M. Eladl, Mariam A. Ameer, Nesma M. Allam
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(5):393-402.   Published online October 12, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.23058
Objective
To assess the effectiveness of combining physiotherapy techniques with conservative medical treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients.
Methods
Sixty-eight volunteers with CRS were randomly assigned. Group A received only traditional medical treatment, whereas group B received a physiotherapy program that included pulsed ultrasound therapy, sinus manual drainage techniques, and self-sinus massage technique in addition to traditional medical treatment. Interventions were applied 3 sessions a week for 4 weeks. The rhinosinusitis disability index (RSDI) served as the main outcome indicator for assessing the quality of life, and the secondary outcome measure was the pressure pain threshold (PPT) using a pressure algometer.
Results
Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed a significant reduction (p<0.001) in total RSDI values from 71.08±1.13 pretest to 47.14±1.15 posttest for group A, while it decreased from 70.64±1.20 pretreatment to 31.76±1.04 posttreatment for group B; furthermore, Mann–Whitney U-test revealed a significant difference (p<0.001) in total RSDI values between both groups when comparing the change of the pre-post data values, it was 23.94±0.95 for group A and 38.88±0.67 for group B. The independent t-test revealed a highly statistically significant increase (p<0.001) in the PPT values in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The physiotherapy program which included pulsed ultrasound therapy, sinus manual drainage technique, and self-sinus massage technique in conjunction with conventional medical treatment was more beneficial for enhancing the quality of life and PPT than traditional medical treatment alone in CRS patients.
  • 3,878 View
  • 126 Download

Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

Eccentric Versus Concentric Exercises in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Randomized Comparative Study
Mina Magdy Wahba, Mona Selim, Mohammed Moustafa Hegazy, Rasmia Elgohary, Mohammed Shawki Abdelsalam
Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47(1):26-35.   Published online February 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22150
Objective
To determine the efficacy of concentric vs. eccentric exercise in improving shoulder function, pain, and tendon characteristics for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and rotator cuff tendinopathy.
Methods
Forty patients with rheumatoid arthritis and rotator cuff tendinopathy were divided into either concentric or eccentric exercise groups, with 20 patients in each group. Patients received 12 sessions at a pace of 3 sessions per week. Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), the visual analogue scale (VAS), supraspinatus and subscapularis thickness, echo pixels, and the Disease Activity Score-28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS-28-ESR) were assessed at baseline and post-treatment.
Results
There was a significant difference between the concentric and eccentric groups regarding SPADI and VAS scores in favor of the eccentric group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding tendon thickness, echo pixels, or DAS-28-ESR.
Conclusion
Eccentric exercises were more effective than concentric exercises in improving shoulder function and pain intensity. However, neither of the two types of exercises was superior in improving tendon characteristics or disease activity.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Response: Eccentric Versus Concentric Exercises in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Randomized Comparative Study (Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47:26-35)
    Mina Magdy Wahba, Mona Selim, Mohammed Moustafa Hegazy, Rasmia Elgohary, Mohammed Shawki Abdelsalam
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(1): 3.     CrossRef
  • Letter to the Editor: Eccentric Versus Concentric Exercises in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Randomized Comparative Study
    Vanshika Agarwal, Jeyanthi. S, Adarsh Sharma
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • 9,197 View
  • 241 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref

Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

Associations Between Trunk Muscle/Fat Composition, Narrowing Lumbar Disc Space, and Low Back Pain in Middle-Aged Farmers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sora Baek, Hee-won Park, Gowun Kim
Ann Rehabil Med 2022;46(3):122-132.   Published online June 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.21201
Objective
To investigate the association of trunk fat and muscle composition, lumbar disc space narrowing, and low back pain in middle-aged farmers.
Methods
Fat and muscle areas were identified using standard Hounsfield unit ranges for adipose tissue and skeletal muscle with computed tomography images at the mid-L4 vertebral level. Trunk fat mass, muscle mass, and fat/muscle mass ratio were calculated. Low back pain was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The L4/5-disc space and low back pain were also assessed.
Results
Male had a higher total trunk, back, psoas, and abdominal muscle mass, and visceral fat; female had a higher subcutaneous fat mass and fat/muscle ratio. Pearson correlation coefficients with ODI for waist circumference, total fat mass, visceral fat mass, and fat/muscle ratio were all significant in female; only the fat/muscle ratio was significant in male. Pearson correlation coefficients with L4/5-disc space narrowing grades for visceral fat mass, total, back, and psoas muscle mass, and fat/muscle ratio, were all significant in female; total and back muscle mass, and fat/muscle ratio in male.
Conclusion
There were significant relationships between: fat indicators with low back pain; trunk muscle mass with lumbar disc degeneration; and fat/muscle ratio with both lumbar disc degeneration and low back pain. The fat/muscle ratio may be a useful index for low back pain.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Association between a body shape index and low back pain: a cross-sectional study highlighting gender-specific differences in NHANES data
    Shiwei Xie, Heng Xiao, Gengwu Li, Jigen Zheng, Fan Zhang, Yuping Lan, Mingwei Luo
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Biomechanical changes in females with poly cystic ovarian syndrome: a case–control study
    Eman E. Kamal, Hamada A. Hamada, Reda Sayed Ashour, Amel M. Yousef, Rovan M. Elbesh
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Relationship Between Low Back Pain, Physical Activity, Posture, and Body Composition in Older Women
    Barbara Rosolek, Dan Iulian Alexe, Krystyna Gawlik, Elena Adelina Panaet, Ilie Mihai, Bogdan Alexandru Antohe, Anna Zwierzchowska
    Healthcare.2025; 13(9): 1054.     CrossRef
  • Association of Body Mass Index and Central Obesity with Spinopelvic Alignment Parameters in a Chinese Population: A Prospective Study
    Hao Qi, Zenghui Zhao, Feiyu Zu, Chenxi Wang, Chenchen Wang, Zuzhuo Zhang, Xiaonan Tian, Dan Su, Zhaoxuan Wang, Rui Xue, Zhiyong Hou, Wei Chen, Di Zhang
    World Neurosurgery.2024; 189: e153.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Intraabdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Volume and Muscle Volume on Lumbar Vertebrae Degeneration
    Rabia Mihriban Kilinc, Fatih İlker Can
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Fat Hounsfield Unit Reference Interval Derived through an Indirect Method
    Marian Pop, Marius Mărușteri
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(11): 1913.     CrossRef
  • Relationships Between Skeletal Muscle Mass, Lumbar Lordosis, and Chronic Low Back Pain in the Elderly
    Myung Woo Park, Sang Jun Park, Sun Gun Chung
    Neurospine.2023; 20(3): 959.     CrossRef
  • Back Extensor Strength as a Potential Marker of Frailty Using Propensity Score Matching and Machine Learning
    Taewook Kim, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park, Eun Kyoung Kang, Sora Baek
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(19): 6156.     CrossRef
  • Comprehensive Physical Work Capacity Evaluations for Korean Farmers Assessed in Healthy Volunteers
    Seungsu Jeong, Gowun Kim, Hee-won Park, Sora Baek
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 468.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship Between Low Back Pain and Sagittal Spinal Alignment and Back Muscle Mass in Korean Fishery Workers
    Minjung Kook, Insuh Kim, Jeongyeon Seo, Hyundong Kim, Heesung Nam, Nami Han
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 459.     CrossRef
  • 7,427 View
  • 116 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref

Pain & Musculoskeletal rehabilitation

The Association Between Sagittal Plane Alignment and Disc Space Narrowing of Lumbar Spine in Farmers
Ki Hoon Park, Sora Baek, Eun Kyoung Kang, Hee-won Park, Gowun Kim, Sung Hyun Kim
Ann Rehabil Med 2021;45(4):294-303.   Published online August 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.21037
Objective
To investigate whether lumbar lordosis (LL) and lumbar segmental lordosis (LSL) are related to sex, age, low back pain (LBP), and lumbar disc space narrowing (DSN).
Methods
A total of 569 farmers were recruited. In lateral spine radiograph, LL (L1–L5) and LSL (L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5) were measured using Cobb’s method. The differences in LSL values (ΔLSL) according to the presence or absence of a DSN were calculated as LSLDSN – LSLnoDSN for each DSN level.
Results
In male, the lateral spine radiograph showed significantly greater L4-LSL and L5-LSL and smaller L1-LSL and L2-LSL compared to female. LLs in the 50–59 and ≥60 years age groups were significantly smaller compared to those in the <50 years age group. In subjects with LBP, LL and L4-LSL were significantly smaller than in those without. The ΔLSLs at the disc level with DSN showed the greatest decrease: L1-ΔLSL (Δ-3.99°), L2-ΔLSL (Δ-3.31°), L3-ΔLSL (Δ-2.87°), L4-ΔLSL (Δ-3.31°), and L5-ΔLSL (Δ-4.44°) in L1/2, L2/3, L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 DSN, respectively. Conversely, distant ΔLSLs were inversely increased: L1-LSL (Δ0.75°) with L4/5 DSN and L2-LSL (Δ0.94°) with L5/S1 DSN.
Conclusion
Sagittal plane alignment was significantly associated with sex, age, LBP, and DSN. LSLs around the levels of DSN were decreased, and there was compensational increase of LSL distant to the DSN to maintain the overall LL.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Minimally invasive biportal endoscopic spinal surgery for central canal stenosis in low-grade degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: clinical outcomes and implications: a retrospective observational study
    Wongthawat Liawrungrueang, Ho-Jin Lee, Sang Bum Kim, Sang Hyeok Lee, Sang Shin Lee, Ju-Eun Kim
    Asian Spine Journal.2025; 19(2): 242.     CrossRef
  • MRI study on the influence of lumbosacral vertebral body and disc factors on lumbar lordosis in children
    Hong Ren, Nan Lin, Peng Zhao, Huizhi Han, Hui Zhao, Lianxiang Xiao, Mimi Tian, Xiangtao Lin
    European Spine Journal.2024; 33(12): 4449.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korean Farmers: Survey on Occupational Diseases in 2020 and 2022
    Jinheum Kim, Kanwoo Youn, Jinwoo Park
    Healthcare.2024; 12(20): 2026.     CrossRef
  • Imaging observation of intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with old thoracolumbar fracture-related kyphotic deformity
    Xi-long Cui, Ao Ding, Wen Yin, Wan-mei Yang, Wei Zhang, Hao Wu, Ji-shi Jiang, Yun-lei Zhai, Zi-kai Hua, Hai-yang Yu
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association Between Ergonomic Burden Assessed Using 20-Item Agricultural Work-Related Ergonomic Risk Questionnaire and Shoulder, Low Back, and Leg Pain in Korean Farmers
    Sora Baek, Jintae Park, Eun Kyoung Kang, Gowun Kim, Hyocher Kim, Hee-Won Park
    Journal of Agromedicine.2023; 28(3): 532.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship Between Low Back Pain and Sagittal Spinal Alignment and Back Muscle Mass in Korean Fishery Workers
    Minjung Kook, Insuh Kim, Jeongyeon Seo, Hyundong Kim, Heesung Nam, Nami Han
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 459.     CrossRef
  • 6,343 View
  • 136 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
Prevalence and Characteristics of Neuropathic Pain in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury Referred to a Rehabilitation Center
Hae Young Kim, Hye Jin Lee, Tae-lim Kim, EunYoung Kim, Daehoon Ham, Jaejoon Lee, Tayeun Kim, Ji Won Shin, Minkyoung Son, Jun Hun Sung, Zee-A Han
Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(6):438-449.   Published online December 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.20081
Objective
To identify the prevalence and characteristics of neuropathic pain (NP) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to investigate associations between NP and demographic or disease-related variables.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with SCI whose pain was classified according to the International Spinal Cord Injury Pain classifications at a single hospital. Multiple statistical analyses were employed. Patients aged <19 years, and patients with other neurological disorders and congenital conditions were excluded.
Results
Of 366 patients, 253 patients (69.1%) with SCI had NP. Patients who were married or had traumatic injury or depressive mood had a higher prevalence rate. When other variables were controlled, marital status and depressive mood were found to be predictors of NP. There was no association between the prevalence of NP and other demographic or clinical variables. The mean Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) of NP was 4.52, and patients mainly described pain as tingling, squeezing, and painful cold. Females and those with below-level NP reported more intense pain. An NRS cut-off value of 4.5 was determined as the most appropriate value to discriminate between patients taking pain medication and those who did not.
Conclusion
In total, 69.1% of patients with SCI complained of NP, indicating that NP was a major complication. Treatment planning for patients with SCI and NP should consider that marital status, mood, sex, and pain subtype may affect NP, which should be actively managed in patients with an NRS ≥4.5.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Microglia-Astrocyte Interactions in Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury
    Yinuo Liu, Xintong Cai, Bowen Shi, Yajie Mo, Jianmin Zhang, Wenting Luo, Bodong Yu, Xi Li
    Molecular Neurobiology.2025; 62(4): 4654.     CrossRef
  • Comparative outcomes of microsurgical dorsal root entry zone lesioning (DREZotomy) for intractable neuropathic pain in spinal cord and cauda equina injuries
    Bunpot Sitthinamsuwan, Tanawat Ounahachok, Sawanee Pumseenil, Sarun Nunta-aree
    Neurosurgical Review.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Arun Yadav, Mrinal Joshi, Shivangi Yadav
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    Matteo Ponzano, Anja Declercq, Melissa Ziraldo, John P. Hirdes
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    Qin Huiqing, Lin Weishan, Gui Yuchang, Tang Yun, Xu Jianwen
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    Tim C. Crul, Marcel W.M. Post, Johanna M.A. Visser-Meily, Janneke M. Stolwijk-Swüste
    Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2023; 104(1): 74.     CrossRef
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    Yan Fu, Liting Sun, Fengting Zhu, Wei Xia, Ting Wen, Ruilong Xia, Xin Yu, Dan Xu, Changgeng Peng
    Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Maria F. Bandres, Jefferson L. Gomes, Gerson N. Moreno Romero, Avery R. Twyman, Jacob Graves McPherson
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    Mu-Lan Xu, Xiang-Bo Wu, Ying Liang, Ning Li, Xu Hu, Xiao-Dong Lin, Miao-Qiao Sun, Chun-Qiu Dai, Dan Niu, Yan-Rong Zhang, Hui Cao, Chen-Guang Zhao, Xiao-Long Sun, Hua Yuan
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    Ann Van de Winckel, Sydney T. Carpentier, Wei Deng, Lin Zhang, Angela Philippus, Ricardo Battaglino, Leslie R. Morse
    Frontiers in Physiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yvonne Tran, Philip Austin, Charles Lo, Ashley Craig, James W. Middleton, Paul J. Wrigley, Philip Siddall
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    Zefu Li, Huiying Bai, Ruoyu Zhang, Bohan Chen, Junmin Wang, Bohan Xue, Xiuhua Ren, Jiarui Wang, Yanjie Jia, Weidong Zang, Jian Wang, Xuemei Chen
    European Journal of Neuroscience.2022; 56(2): 3991.     CrossRef
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    Marisa Jeffries, Veronica Tom
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Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Cervical Myofascial Pain Following Neck Dissection Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
FatmaAlzahraa Hassan Kamel, Maged Basha, Ashwag Alsharidah, Islam Mohamed Hewidy, Mohamed Ezzat, Nancy Hassan Aboelnour
Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(5):393-401.   Published online September 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.20055
Objective
To investigate the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on cervical myofascial pain following neck dissection in reducing pain and improving cervical range of motion (ROM).
Methods
Forty-six patients with cervical myofascial pain following neck dissection surgery were recruited and subdivided at random into two equal groups. The ESWT group received ESWT once a week for 4 weeks (0.25 mL/mm2, 1,000 shocks) and a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (3 times/day for 4 weeks). The control group received only topical NSAID. The pain assessment was done by using the visual analog scale (VAS) and pressure algometry. A cervical ROM device was used for the assessment of the lateral flexion and rotation of the neck ROM on both sides. All measurements were collected at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks.
Results
The ESWT group revealed a significant improvement in all parameters at post I and post II than did the control group (p>0.001), that revealed a statistical decrease only in the VAS score at post I without any statistical difference in the pain threshold and neck ROM. However, there were statistical differences in all parameters at post II compared to those at pre-treatment and post I (p<0.001).
Conclusion
As a confirmation of the efficacy of ESWT in cervical myofascial pain control following neck dissection, we observed better results with no side effects in the ESWT group (Clinical Trial Registry No. PACTR202002648274347).

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    M. C. Petty, B. P. Monteiro, S. A. Robertson, A. R. Ajadi, C. Mosley, J. C. Murrell, N. Nadkarni
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  • Effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus low level laser therapy on shoulder adhesive capsulitis post-neck dissection surgery
    Naiera Sabry Mohammed Shams, Ragab Ali Sherif, Karim Ibrahim Saafan
    Physiotherapy Quarterly.2024; 32(1): 111.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave on Upper Trapezius Trigger Points in Patients With Cervicogenic Headache
    Radwa F. Hammam, Ahmed M. Alshimy, Omar M. Elabd, Aliaa M. Elabd
    American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2024; 103(11): 1000.     CrossRef
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    International Wound Journal.2023; 20(4): 1151.     CrossRef
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    T.I. Grushina, I.I. Orlov
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    Marco Paoletta, Antimo Moretti, Sara Liguori, Giuseppe Toro, Francesca Gimigliano, Giovanni Iolascon
    Medicina.2022; 58(8): 1014.     CrossRef
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    Dina Al-Amir Mohamed, Ragia Mohamed Kamal, Manal Mohamed Gaber, Yasser M. Aneis
    Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(4): 284.     CrossRef
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  • 189 Download
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Efficacy of Modified Cervical and Shoulder Retraction Exercise in Patients With Loss of Cervical Lordosis and Neck Pain
Min Yong Lee, Heewon Jeon, Ji Soo Choi, Yulhyun Park, Ju Seok Ryu
Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(3):210-217.   Published online May 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.19117
Objective
To explore if the modified cervical and shoulder retraction exercise program restores cervical lordosis and reduces neck pain in patients with loss of cervical lordosis.
Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Eighty-three patients with loss of cervical lordosis were eligible. The eligible patients were trained to perform the modified cervical and shoulder retraction exercise program by a physiatrist, and were scheduled for a follow-up 6 to 8 weeks later to check the post-exercise pain intensity and lateral radiograph of the cervical spine in a comfortable position. The parameters of cervical alignment (4-line Cobb’s angle, posterior tangent method, and sagittal vertical axis) were measured from the lateral radiograph.
Results
Forty-seven patients were included. The mean age was 48.29±14.47 years. Cervical alignment and neck pain significantly improved after undergoing the modified cervical and shoulder retraction exercise program (p≤0.001). The upper cervical lordotic angle also significantly improved (p=0.001). In a subgroup analysis, which involved dividing the patients into two age groups (<50 years and ≥50 years), the change of the sagittal vertical axis was significantly greater in the <50 years group (p=0.021).
Conclusion
The modified cervical and shoulder retraction exercise program tends to improve cervical lordosis and neck pain in patients with loss of cervical lordosis.

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  • McKenzie neck exercise versus cranio-cervical flexion exercise on strength and endurance of deep neck flexor muscles, pain, disability, and craniovertebral angle in individuals with chronic neck pain: a randomized clinical trial
    Sawita Chaiyawijit, Rotsalai Kanlayanaphotporn
    Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy.2024; 32(6): 573.     CrossRef
  • A Movement-System-Impairment Approach to the Evaluation and Treatment of a Patient Who had Cervical Flexion Syndrome with a Straight Neck: A Case Report
    Jin-yong Lim, Suk-ho Nam, Kyoung-don Kim
    Journal of Musculoskeletal Science and Technology.2024; 8(1): 49.     CrossRef
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    Ewa Latour, Emilia E. Latour, Jakub Nowaszczuk, Jarosław Arlet, Lidiya Zavatska
    Physical Education of Students.2024; 28(5): 286.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Postural Changes Using a Standing Desk on the Craniovertebral Angle, Muscle Fatigue, Work Performance, and Discomfort in Individuals with a Forward Head Posture
    Hyunju Lee, Yongwoo Lee
    Healthcare.2024; 12(23): 2436.     CrossRef
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    Dario Lampe, Barbara Deml
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  • Analysis of abnormal muscle activities in patients with loss of cervical lordosis: a cross-sectional study
    Jiwoon Lim, Dajeong Lee, Sangyoung Kim, Seungeun Lee, Ju Seok Ryu
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Abnormal Muscle Activities Using a Surface Electromyography in Patients with Loss of Cervical Lordosis
    Jiwoon Lim, Dajeong Lee, Sangyoung Kim, Seungeun Lee, Ju Seok Ryu
    SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Richard C. Hallgren, Jacob J. Rowan
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  • 868 Download
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Balance Ability in Low Back Pain Patients With Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Evaluated With Tetrax: A Matched Case-Control Study
Kee Hoon Kim, Min Jeong Leem, Tae Im Yi, Joo Sup Kim, Seo Yeon Yoon
Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(3):195-202.   Published online May 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.19101
Objective
To compare postural balance ability in patients with low back pain between groups with and without lumbosacral radiculopathy.
Methods
Patients who were referred for electromyography because of low back pain during the period from April 2017 through June 2018 were chosen as subjects. They were divided into groups with and without lumbosacral radiculopathy based on the results of electromyography. We used Tetrax (Sunlight Medical Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel) to objectively evaluate postural balance ability, and to measure the fall risk, stability index, weight distribution index, and Fourier index.
Results
Patients in the lumbosacral radiculopathy group showed significantly higher fall risk (73.25 vs. 38.00; p<0.05), weight distribution index (8.57 vs. 5.00; p<0.05), and stability index (21.19 vs. 13.16; p<0.05) than those in the group without lumbosacral radiculopathy. The Fourier index at high-medium frequency was significantly increased in the lumbosacral radiculopathy group (8.27 vs. 5.56; p<0.05), whereas weight-bearing on the side of radiculopathy was significantly decreased.
Conclusion
Patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy have decreased postural balance compared with patients without this condition. Somatosensory disturbances in lumbosacral radiculopathy might cause postural balance impairment. Assessment and treatment plan not only for pain reduction but also for postural balance improvement should be considered in the management of patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy.

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  • The Patient-Reported Outcomes of Postoperative Prostaglandin E1 Derivative in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
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    Global Spine Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sangsoo Han, Han-Dong Lee, Hae-Dong Jang, Dong Hun Suh, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Young Hong
    Bone.2024; 179: 116981.     CrossRef
  • MODERN PRINCIPLES OF PATIENT MANAGEMENT WITH LUMBOSACRAL RADICULOPATHY (LITERATURE REVIEW)
    Vitaliy P. Gubenko, Serhii S. Sovhyra, Anatolii A. Vasylkov, Andriy V. Fedosenko, Dmytro E. Lytvynenko, Natalia P. Slobodyanyuk
    Clinical and Preventive Medicine.2024; (7): 164.     CrossRef
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    Comparative Exercise Physiology.2023; 19(3): 223.     CrossRef
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    Eun-Bi Choi, Yu-Jin Jung, Dongyeop Lee, Ji-Heon Hong, Jae-Ho Yu, Jin-Seop Kim, Seong-Gil Kim
    Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2022; 17(2): 11.     CrossRef
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  • 138 Download
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Efficacy and Safety of Abdominal Trunk Muscle Strengthening Using an Innovative Device in Elderly Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study
Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Yuki Kurokawa, Naoki Takahashi, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Noritaka Yonezawa, Takaki Shimizu, Ryo Kitagawa, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(3):246-255.   Published online May 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.19100
Objective
To examine the efficacy and safety of an innovative, device-driven abdominal trunk muscle strengthening program, with the ability to measure muscle strength, to treat chronic low back pain (LBP) in elderly participants.
Methods
Seven women with non-specific chronic LBP, lasting at least 3 months, were enrolled and treated with the prescribed exercise regimen. Patients participated in a 12-week device-driven exercise program which included abdominal trunk muscle strengthening and 4 types of stretches for the trunk and lower extremities. Primary outcomes were adverse events associated with the exercise program, improvement in abdominal trunk muscle strength, as measured by the device, and improvement in the numerical rating scale (NRS) scores of LBP with the exercise. Secondary outcomes were improvement in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) score and the results of the locomotive syndrome risk test, including the stand-up and two-step tests.
Results
There were no reports of increased back pain or new-onset abdominal pain or discomfort during or after the device-driven exercise program. The mean abdominal trunk muscle strength, NRS, RDQ scores, and the stand-up and two-step test scores were significantly improved at the end of the trial compared to baseline.
Conclusion
No participants experienced adverse events during the 12-week strengthening program, which involved the use of our device and stretching, indicating the program was safe. Further, the program significantly improved various measures of LBP and physical function in elderly participants.

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  • Sensor Fusion and Machine Learning for Seated Movement Detection With Trunk Orthosis
    Ahmad Zahid Rao, Saba Shahid Siddique, Muhammad Danish Mujib, Muhammad Abul Hasan, Ahmad O. Alokaily, Tayyaba Tahira
    IEEE Access.2024; 12: 41676.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Respiratory Function and the Strength of the Abdominal Trunk Muscles Including the Diaphragm in Middle-Aged and Older Adult Patients
    Yuki Kurokawa, Satoshi Kato, Noriaki Yokogawa, Takaki Shimizu, Hidenori Matsubara, Tamon Kabata, Satoru Demura
    Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology.2024; 9(4): 175.     CrossRef
  • Research hotspots and frontiers in non-specific low back pain: a bibliometric analysis
    Qiangjian Mao, Yuqing Wang, Shiqi Xu, Desheng Wu, Guomin Huang, Ziru Li, Lin Jiao, Zhenhai Chi
    Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers
    Yuki Kurokawa, Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Noritaka Yonezawa, Takaki Shimizu, Ryo Kitagawa, Hiroichi Miaki, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
    Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.2022; 35(3): 589.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of locomotive syndrome in patients receiving surgical treatment for degenerative musculoskeletal diseases: A multicentre prospective study using the new criteria
    Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Tamon Kabata, Hidenori Matsubara, Yuki Kurokawa, Yoshitomo Kajino, Yoshiyuki Okamoto, Kazunari Kuroda, Hiroaki Kimura, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Takaki Shimizu, Kentaro Igarashi, Daisuke Inoue, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
    Modern Rheumatology.2022; 32(4): 822.     CrossRef
  • Associations between Abdominal Trunk Muscle Weakness and Future Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture in Middle-Aged and Older Adult Women: A Three-Year Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study
    Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Yuki Kurokawa, Ryohei Annen, Motoya Kobayashi, Yohei Yamada, Satoshi Nagatani, Hidenori Matsubara, Tamon Kabata, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(16): 4868.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Progressive Spinal Sagittal Imbalance in the Short-Term Course after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A 3 Year Follow-Up Study of Female Patients
    Satoshi Nagatani, Satoru Demura, Satoshi Kato, Tamon Kabata, Yoshitomo Kajino, Noriaki Yokogawa, Daisuke Inoue, Yuki Kurokawa, Motoya Kobayashi, Yohei Yamada, Masafumi Kawai, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(17): 5179.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Respiratory Function and Strength of the Abdominal Trunk Muscles, Including Diaphragm in Middle-Aged and Older Adult Patients
    Yuki Kurokawa, SATOSHI KATO, Satoru Demura, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Hidenori Matsubara, Tamon Kabata, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
    SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of low back pain with muscle weakness, decreased mobility function, and malnutrition in older women: A cross-sectional study
    Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Tamon Kabata, Hidenori Matsubara, Yoshitomo Kajino, Kentaro Igarashi, Daisuke Inoue, Yuki Kurokawa, Norihiro Oku, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Alison Rushton
    PLOS ONE.2021; 16(1): e0245879.     CrossRef
  • Awareness of Locomotive Syndrome and Factors Associated with Awareness: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
    Keiko Sugai, Haruhiko Imamura, Takehiro Michikawa, Keiko Asakura, Yuji Nishiwaki
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(19): 7272.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of abdominal trunk muscles-strengthening exercise using an innovative device in treating chronic low back pain: a controlled clinical trial
    Ryo Kitagawa, Satoshi Kato, Satoru Demura, Yuki Kurokawa, Kazuya Shinmura, Noriaki Yokogawa, Noritaka Yonezawa, Takaki Shimizu, Norihiro Oku, Makoto Handa, Ryohei Annen, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
    Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 6,975 View
  • 175 Download
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Understanding the Rehabilitation Needs of Korean Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
In Soo Kim, Sung Eun Hyun, Jihong Park, Jae-Young Lim
Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(3):218-227.   Published online May 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.19084
Objective
To evaluate the current status of pain severity and quality of life (QoL) in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), and to assess both their perceived needs and any unmet needs of current rehabilitation services.
Methods
A single-center questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 47 patients with CRPS who were diagnosed based on Budapest’s criteria. It collected demographic and clinical data, and the structured questionnaire included the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the Korean version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS-K II), as well as the 5-Level EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D-5L) for measuring the QoL.
Results
The average value of BPI and WHODAS-K II were 7.69%±2.26% and 70.49%±19.22%, respectively. In the evaluation of their perceived needs and unmet needs for rehabilitation, patients had the highest rehabilitation needs in terms of pain (95.74%), followed by bodyaches (80.85%). Regarding their unmet needs, patients had the highest unmet needs in terms of memory impairment (83.33%), followed by weight management (72.00%). According to the regression analysis, only the overall BPI was significantly associated with QoL (p=0.01), and a higher BPI value led to poorer results for QoL.
Conclusion
In Korea, patients with CRPS do not receive adequate rehabilitation, and they are not satisfied with current received treatments. A more structured and individualized rehabilitation treatment plan is required to manage every aspect related to chronic pain, and provision should be made for improved care guidelines for future CRPS management.

Citations

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  • Virtual reality in managing Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS): a scoping review
    Mauricio Arcos-Holzinger, Johanna Theresia Biebl, Claudia Storz, Marcus Gutmann, Shahnaz Christina Azad, Boris Michael Holzapfel, Eduard Kraft
    Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,310 View
  • 165 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Case Report

Thoracolumbar Junction Syndrome Accompanying Renal Artery Stenosis: A Case Report
Kyudong Noh, Jong Burm Jung, Jeong Won Seong, Doh-Eui Kim, Dongrak Kwon, Yuntae Kim
Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(1):85-89.   Published online February 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2020.44.1.85
Flank pain is a common reason for visits to the emergency room. The most common reason warranting hospital visits are urology-related problems. However, there are many other causes, such as musculoskeletal lesions, that difficult to achieve a correct diagnosis. Here, we describe a rare case of flank pain caused by thoracolumbar junction syndrome, accompanying renal artery stenosis. A 54-year-old male with hypertension presented with severe left flank pain for 1 week. Initially, he was diagnosed with left renal artery stenosis by computed tomography and decreased renal function on renal scan (Tc-99m DTPA). Although a stent was inserted into the left renal artery, flank pain persisted with only minor improvement. Through detailed physical examination, he was finally diagnosed with thoracolumbar junction syndrome. After three injections in the left deep paravertebral muscles at the T10–T12 levels, flank pain completely ceased. Clinicians must consider thoracolumbar junction syndrome, when treating patients with flank pain.
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Original Articles

Factors Affecting the Discharge Destination of Patients With Spinal Bone Metastases
Yoshiteru Akezaki, Eiji Nakata, Masato Kikuuchi, Shinsuke Sugihara
Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(1):69-76.   Published online February 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2020.44.1.69
Objective
To investigate the factors affecting the discharge destination of patients with spinal bone metastases.
Methods
We reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to our institute with a diagnosis of skeletalrelated events secondary to malignant disease. Exclusion criteria comprised decreased cognitive function and hypercalcemia, brain metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, and pleural dissemination. The factors examined included the discharge destination, age, sex, the Barthel Index (BI) at admission and discharge, pain at admission and discharge, number of co-resident household members, length of hospital stay, treatment strategy, spinal instability neoplastic score, vertebral body collapse, spinal level of bone metastases, and motor paralysis. For the discharge destination, patients at discharge were grouped into two categories. The home group included patients discharged to their own homes, and the non-home group included patients discharged to other hospitals.
Results
Of 140 patients, the home group comprised 120 patients and the non-home group comprised 20 patients. Activities of daily living (ADL) and pain at rest and during motion improved significantly in the home group, whereas only pain at rest and during motion improved significantly in the non-home group. The results indicated that discharge BI and motor paralysis were the best predictors of the discharge destination; a BI cut-off value of 72.5 predicted discharge to home.
Conclusion
This study showed that the ADL level on discharge and motor paralysis affected the discharge destination of patients with spinal bone metastases. These results are likely to be helpful in predicting the discharge destination of patients with spinal bone metastases.

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    Kai-yan Fan, Jian-li Lu, Meng-wen Wu, Ke-zhen Zhou, Li-li Jin
    Supportive Care in Cancer.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Discharge Destination in Patients with Bone Metastases
    Hanako Himematsu, Yukiyo Shimizu, Tami Yuhara, Kenta Hiasa, Masashi Yamazaki, Yasushi Hada
    Medicina.2024; 60(6): 881.     CrossRef
  • Perioperative complications and cost of posterior decompression with fusion in thoracic spine for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and ossification of the ligamentum flavum -a comparative study using a national inpatient database
    Shingo Morishita, Toshitaka Yoshii, Hiroyuki Inose, Takashi Hirai, Kentaro Yamada, Yu Matsukura, Satoru Egawa, Jun Hashimoto, Takuya Takahashi, Takahisa Ogawa, Kiyohide Fushimi
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Differences in the Analgesic Effect of Opioids on Pain in Cancer Patients With Spinal Metastases
    Miho Takemura, Kazuyuki Niki, Yoshiaki Okamoto, Hiroshi Tamura, Tomohiro Kawamura, Makie Kohno, Yoshinobu Matsuda, Kenji Ikeda
    Palliative Medicine Reports.2023; 4(1): 220.     CrossRef
  • Hospital Frailty Risk Score and healthcare resource utilization after surgery for metastatic spinal column tumors
    Aladine A. Elsamadicy, Andrew B. Koo, Benjamin C. Reeves, Zach Pennington, James Yu, C. Rory Goodwin, Luis Kolb, Maxwell Laurans, Sheng-Fu Larry Lo, John H. Shin, Daniel M. Sciubba
    Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine.2022; 37(2): 241.     CrossRef
  • Immediate family support is important to discharge home for cancer patient with bone metastasis after rehabilitation
    Ryosuke Ikeguchi, Manabu Nankaku, Rie Yamawaki, Hiroki Tanaka, Ryota Hamada, Takumi Kawano, Masanobu Murao, Gakuto Kitamura, Tatsuya Sato, Toru Nishikawa, Takashi Noguchi, Shinichi Kuriyama, Akio Sakamoto, Shuichi Matsuda
    Medicine.2021; 100(37): e27273.     CrossRef
  • Rehabilitation Principles in Bone Metastasis
    Diana M. Molinares, Laura Y. Huang
    Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics.2021; 31(3): 100900.     CrossRef
  • Interhospital transfer status for spinal metastasis patients in the United States is associated with more severe clinical presentations and higher rates of inpatient complications
    Rafael De la Garza Ramos, Christine Park, Edwin McCray, Meghan Price, Timothy Y. Wang, Tara Dalton, César Baëta, Melissa M. Erickson, Norah Foster, Zach Pennington, John H. Shin, Daniel M. Sciubba, Khoi D. Than, Isaac O. Karikari, Christopher I. Shaffrey,
    Neurosurgical Focus.2021; 50(5): E4.     CrossRef
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Differences of Spinal Curvature, Thoracic Mobility, and Respiratory Strength Between Chronic Neck Pain Patients and People Without Cervical Pain
Ji Hong Cheon, Na Na Lim, Geun Su Lee, Ki Hong Won, Sung Hoon Lee, Eun Young Kang, Hyun Kyung Lee, Younkyung Cho
Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(1):58-68.   Published online February 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2020.44.1.58
Objective
To investigate the differences of spinal curvature, thoracic sagittal mobility, and respiratory strength between patients with chronic neck pain (CNP) and people without cervical pain, and to determine the correlation between respiratory strength and thoracic mobility in CNP patients.
Methods
A total of 78 participants were finally included in this study, of whom 30 had no cervical pain and 48 had CNP. The Neck Disability Index (NDI), cervical lordotic curvature, thoracic kyphotic curvature, thoracic sagittal range of motion (ROM), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured and analyzed.
Results
In males, thoracic sagittal ROMMEP-MIP and MEP showed a significant difference between the no cervical pain group and the CNP group. In females, thoracic kyphotic curvature, thoracic sagittal ROMMEP-MIP, MIP, and MEP were significantly different between the no cervical pain group and the CNP group. Thoracic kyphotic curvature was significantly correlated with MEP and MIP in all population groups, and significantly correlated with NDI in the female group. Thoracic sagittal ROMMEP-MIP had a significant linear relationship with NDI, MEP, and MIP in all population groups.
Conclusion
The thoracic mobility during forced respiration was reduced in patients with CNP and was correlated with respiratory strength. Changes in the biomechanics of the cervicothoracic spine and rib cage due to CNP may contribute to impairment of respiratory strength.

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  • Optimal target localization for botulinum toxin A in treating splenius muscles dystonia based on the distribution of intramuscular nerves and spindles
    Xiaojiao He, Sifeng Wen, Xuan Liu, Yutong Li, Shengbo Yang
    Anatomical Science International.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Extended Multicenter Study on the Postural Shirt for Women With Chronic Nonspecific Cervical Pain: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial
    Merce Avellanet, Aurelia Mena, Esther Pages, Anna Boada-Pladellorens
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    Gamze Yalcinkaya Colak, Seher Ozyurek, Yesim Salik Sengul, Orhan Kalemci
    Musculoskeletal Science and Practice.2024; 69: 102894.     CrossRef
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    Özlem MENEVŞE, Filiz ALTUĞ, Orçin TELLİ ATALAY
    Bezmialem Science.2024; 12(1): 55.     CrossRef
  • Respiratory dysfunction in patients with chronic neck pain: systematic review and meta-analysis
    Ibai López-de-Uralde-Villanueva, Tamara del Corral, Rodrigo Salvador-Sánchez, Santiago Angulo-Díaz-Parreño, José-Javier López-Marcos, Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
    Disability and Rehabilitation.2023; 45(15): 2422.     CrossRef
  • Respiratory Function Analysis in Patients with Chronic Pain: An Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis of Pooled Findings
    Ferran Cuenca-Martínez, Núria Sempere-Rubio, Elena Muñoz-Gómez, Sara Mollà-Casanova, Enrique Carrasco-González, Francisco M. Martínez-Arnau
    Healthcare.2023; 11(9): 1358.     CrossRef
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    Ezequiel D Gherscovici, John M Mayer
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    IK Shah, A Kumar, S Rajasekar, AA Pathak, N Suvarna, K Gopal, R Muthukrishnan
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    Shruti P. Nair, Chaitrali S. Panchabhai, Vrushali Panhale
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    Sahreen Anwar, Syed A. Arsalan, Hamayun Zafar, Ashfaq Ahmed, Syed A. Gillani, Asif Hanif
    South African Journal of Physiotherapy.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Figen Dağ, Serkan Taş, Özlem Bölgen Çimen
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    Merce Avellanet, Anna Boada-Pladellorens, Esther Pages, Aleix Dorca, Betlem Sabria, Michael Pfeifer, Elvira Gea
    Spine.2021; 46(22): 1517.     CrossRef
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    So-Hyun Kim, Sung-Hyoun Cho
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Does Adequate Lumbar Segmental Motion Reflect Recovery Process in Acute Lumbar Disc Herniation?
Hyuntae Kim, Ho Joong Jung, Minsun Kim, Seong-Eun Koh, In-Sik Lee
Ann Rehabil Med 2019;43(1):38-44.   Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2019.43.1.38
Objective
To investigate if the extent of lumbar segmental motion is correlated with the recovery process in the form of pain intensity in patients with acute single level lumbar disc herniation (LDH).
Methods
A retrospective review of medical records was performed on patients presented with acute low back pain from January 2011 to December 2017. With prerequisites of undergoing both lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging and functional radiography, patients with etiologies other than single level LDH were excluded. A total of 46 patients were selected, including 27 patients with disc herniation at L4-5 level and 19 patients at L5-S1 level. Pearson correlation analysis of pain intensity against segmental range of motion (sROM) and percentage of sROM of each lumbar segment was performed at the initial evaluation point and follow-ups.
Results
Serial documentation of pain intensity and functional radiography exhibited an inverse correlation between changes in visual analogue scale (VAS) and sROM in single level LDH at L4-5 level (r=-0.69, p<0.05). In addition, percentage of sROM showed a negative correlation with pain intensity at the aforementioned segment (r=-0.74, p<0.05). Initial pain intensity was also inversely correlated to sROM of the affected segment (r=-0.83, p<0.01 at L4-5; r=-0.82, p<0.05 at L5-S1).
Conclusion
Improvement in sagittal mobility of the affected segment in LDH adequately reflected mitigation of low back pain during the recovery process. This conjunction could illustrate that the involved segment is overcoming natural immobilization, evidently demonstrating an inverse relationship between initial pain intensity and limitation of sagittal range of motion.

Citations

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  • Relationships and representations of brain structures, connectivity, dynamics and functions
    Oliver Schmitt
    Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.2025; 138: 111332.     CrossRef
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Effect of Whole Body Horizontal Vibration Exercise in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: Vertical Versus Horizontal Vibration Exercise
Heejae Kim, Bum Sun Kwon, Jin-Woo Park, Hojun Lee, Kiyeun Nam, Taejune Park, Yongjin Cho, Taeyeon Kim
Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(6):804-813.   Published online December 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.6.804
Objective
To elucidate the effect of a 12-week horizontal vibration exercise (HVE) in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients as compared to vertical vibration exercise (VVE).
Methods
Twenty-eight CLBP patients were randomly assigned to either the HVE or VVE group. All participants performed the exercise for 30 minutes each day, three times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Altered pain and functional ability were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Changes in lumbar muscle strength, transverse abdominis (TrA) and multifidus muscle thicknesses, and standing balance were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer, ultrasonography, and balance parameters, respectively. These assessments were evaluated prior to treatment, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the first treatment, and 4 weeks after the end of treatment (that is, 16 weeks after the first treatment).
Results
According to the repeated-measures analysis of variance, there were significant improvements with time on VAS, ODI, standing balance score, lumbar flexor, and extensor muscle strength (all p<0.001 in both groups) without any significant changes in TrA (p=0.153 in HVE, p=0.561 in VVE group) or multifidus (p=0.737 in HVE, p=0.380 in VVE group) muscle thickness. Further, there were no significant differences between groups according to time in any of the assessments. No adverse events were noticed during treatment in either group.
Conclusion
HVE is as effective as VVE in reducing pain, strengthening the lumbar muscle, and improving the balance and functional abilities of CLBP patients. Vibrational exercise increases muscle strength without inducing muscle hypertrophy.

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  • Effects of whole-body vibration therapy on pain, functionality, postural stability, and proprioception in patients with subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review
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    Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 68(5): 101988.     CrossRef
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    Tasneem Zafar, Saima Zaki, Md Farhan Alam, Saurabh Sharma, Reem Abdullah Babkair, Shibili Nuhmani, Sujata Pandita
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    Kaitlin D. Lyons, Aaron G. Parks, Oluwagbemiga Dadematthews, Nilophar Zandieh, Paige McHenry, Kenneth E. Games, Michael D. Goodlett, William Murrah, Jaimie Roper, JoEllen M. Sefton
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Golf Swing Rotational Velocity: The Essential Follow-Through
Katherine M. Steele, Eugene Y. Roh, Gordhan Mahtani, David W. Meister, Amy L. Ladd, Jessica Rose
Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(5):713-721.   Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.5.713
Objective
To evaluate if shoulder and pelvic angular velocities differ at impact or peak magnitude between professional and amateur golfers. Golf swing rotational biomechanics are a key determinant of power generation, driving distance, and injury prevention. We hypothesize that shoulder and pelvic angular velocities would be highly consistent in professionals.
Methods
Rotational velocities of the upper-torso and pelvis throughout the golf swing and in relation to phases of the golf swing were examined in 11 professionals and compared to 5 amateurs using three-dimensional motion analysis.
Results
Peak rotational velocities of professionals were highly consistent, demonstrating low variability (coefficient of variation [COV]), particularly upper-torso rotational velocity (COV=0.086) and pelvic rotational velocity (COV=0.079) during down swing. Peak upper-torso rotational velocity and peak X-prime, the relative rotational velocity of uppertorso versus pelvis, occurred after impact in follow-through, were reduced in amateurs compared to professionals (p=0.005 and p=0.005, respectively) and differentiated professionals from most (4/5) amateurs. In contrast, peak pelvic rotational velocity occurred in down swing. Pelvic velocity at impact was reduced in amateurs compared to professionals (p=0.019) and differentiated professionals from most (4/5) amateurs.
Conclusion
Golf swing rotational velocity of professionals was consistent in pattern and magnitude, offering benchmarks for amateurs. Understanding golf swing rotational biomechanics can guide swing modifications to help optimize performance and prevent injury.

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    Sang Kyu Bae, Su Bin Yun, Jong Won Kim, Jong Kyung Lee, Ji-Won Park
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    G. Berrsche, H. Schmitt
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    Daniel J. Epifano, Samuel Ryan, Anthea C. Clarke, Minh Huynh, Harvey Anderson, Kane J. Middleton
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    Ethem Kavukcu, Melahat Akdeniz
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Influence of Hip Fracture on Knee Pain During Postoperative Rehabilitation
Hee-Ju Kim, Seong Jae Lee, Jung Keun Hyun, Seo-Young Kim, Tae Uk Kim
Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(5):682-689.   Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.5.682
Objective
To investigate whether fracture type, surgical procedure, or fracture grade affect knee pain during postoperative rehabilitation after a hip fracture.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective case-controlled study of 139 patients during postoperative rehabilitation after surgery for hip fractures. Patients were divided into two groups: patients experiencing knee pain during the first week of postoperative rehabilitation, and patients without knee pain. We compared the types of fracture, surgical procedure, and fracture grade between the two groups.
Results
We enrolled 52 patients (37.4%) with knee pain during the first weeks of postoperative rehabilitation. For type of fracture, knee pain was more common with intertrochanteric fracture than with femur neck fracture (48.8% vs. 21.1%, respectively; p=0.001). For the surgical procedure, there was no significant difference between the groups. For the fracture grade, the grades classified as unstable fractures were more common in the group of intertrochanteric fracture patients with knee pain than in those without knee pain (74.1% vs. 36.4%, respectively; p=0.002).
Conclusion
Intertrochanteric fracture affected knee pain after hip fracture surgery more than did femur neck fracture, particularly in unstable fractures. Furthermore, there was no difference in each fracture type according to the surgical procedure. Careful examination and management for knee pain is needed in patients with hip fracture surgery.

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  • High Prevalence of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis Among Patients Who Have Fragility Hip Fractures
    Korawish Mekariya, Ekasame Vanitcharoenkul, Pojchong Chotiyarnwong, Nath Adulkasem, Aasis Unnanuntana
    The Journal of Arthroplasty.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata
    Aging Advances.2025; 2(2): 62.     CrossRef
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    Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata, Hironori Arii
    Physiotherapy Research International.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata, Hironori Arii
    PM&R.2023; 15(5): 563.     CrossRef
  • Femoral morphology is associated with development of knee pain after hip fracture injury among older adults: A nine-year retrospective study
    Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata, Hironori Arii, Masayuki Tazawa, Takehiko Yamaji
    Journal of Orthopaedics.2021; 24: 190.     CrossRef
  • Inpatient knee pain after hip fracture surgery affects gait speed in older adults: A retrospective chart‐referenced study
    Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata, Hironori Arii, Takehiko Yamaji
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    Zhang Dan, Deng YiNan, Yang ZengXi, Wang XiChen, Pan JieBin, Yin LanNing
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The Availability of Quantitative Assessment of Pain Perception in Patients With Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Tae Jun Park, Sung Hoon Kim, Hi Chan Lee, Sae Hoon Chung, Ji Hyun Kim, Jin Park
Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(3):433-440.   Published online June 27, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.3.433
Objective
To evaluate the usefulness of the quantitative assessment of pain perception (QAPP) in diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) patients.
Methods
Thirty-two subjects with DPN were enrolled in this study. The subjects’ pain perception was assessed quantitatively. Current perception threshold (CPT) and pain equivalent current (PEC) were recorded. All patients were tested with a nerve conduction study (NCS) for evaluation of DPN and pain-related evoked potential (PREP) for evaluation of small fiber neuropathy (SFN) on bilateral upper and lower limbs. All patients were asked to participate in tests such as visual analogue scale (VAS) and SF-36 Health Survey Version 2 to evaluate their subjective pain and quality of life, respectively.
Results
The PEC of QAPP showed significant correlations with VAS (p=0.002) and physical function surveyed with SF-36 Health Survey Version 2 (p=0.035). The results of QAPP had no correlation with NCS, but there was a significant relationship between the CPT of QAPP and PREP (p=0.003).
Conclusion
The QAPP may be useful not only in providing objective evaluations of subjective pain in patients with DPN but also in the assessment of diabetic SFN.

Citations

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  • Structural Nerve Remodeling at 3-T MR Neurography Differs between Painful and Painless Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Type 1 or 2 Diabetes
    Johann M. E. Jende, Jan B. Groener, Zoltan Kender, Christian Rother, Artur Hahn, Tim Hilgenfeld, Alexander Juerchott, Fabian Preisner, Sabine Heiland, Stefan Kopf, Peter Nawroth, Martin Bendszus, Felix T. Kurz
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    Batakeh Ba Agoons, Mesmin Dehayem Yefou, Jean-Claude Katte, Martine Claude Etoa Etoga, Dayawa D Agoons, Faustin Yepnjio, Anne Boli, Yves Wasnyo, Eugene Sobngwi, Jean-Claude Mbanya
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Gender-Related Differences in Reliability of Thorax, Lumbar, and Pelvis Kinematics During Gait in Patients With Non-specific Chronic Low Back Pain
Rasool Bagheri, Ismail Ebrahimi Takamjani, Mehdi Dadgoo, Amir Ahmadi, Javad Sarrafzadeh, Mohammad Reza Pourahmadi, Amir-Salar Jafarpisheh
Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(2):239-249.   Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.2.239
Correction in: Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(6):888
Objective

To evaluate test-retest reliability of trunk kinematics relative to the pelvis during gait in two groups (males and females) of patients with non-specific chronic low back pain (NCLBP) using three-dimensional motion capture system.

Methods

A convenience sample of 40 NCLBP participants (20 males and 20 females) was evaluated in two sessions. Participants were asked to walk with self-selected speed and kinematics of thorax and lumbar spine were captured using a 6-infrared-cameras motion-analyzer system. Peak amplitude of displacement and its measurement errors and minimal detectable change (MDC) were then calculated.

Results

Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were relatively constant but small for certain variables (lower lumbar peak flexion in female: inter-session ICC=0.51 and intra-session ICC=0.68; peak extension in male: inter-session ICC=0.67 and intra-session ICC=0.66). The measurement error remained constant and standard error of measurement (SEM) difference was large between males (generally ≤4.8°) and females (generally ≤5.3°). Standard deviation (SD) was higher in females. In most segments, females exhibited higher MDCs except for lower lumbar sagittal movements.

Conclusion

Although ICCs were sufficiently reliable and constant in both genders during gait, there was difference in SEM due to difference in SD between genders caused by different gait disturbance in chronic low back pain. Due to the increasing tendency of measurement error in other areas of men and women, attention is needed when measuring lumbar motion using the method described in this study.

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  • Association of Pain-Related Anxiety and Abdominal Muscle Thickness during Standing Postural Tasks in Patients with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain
    Rozita Hedayati, Rasool Bagheri, Fatemeh Ehsani, Mohammad Reza Pourahmadi, Hamid Moghaddasi
    Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.2024; 23(1-2): 47.     CrossRef
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    Florent Moissenet, Stéphane Armand, Stéphane Genevay
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    Rasool Bagheri, Ismail Ebrahimi Takamjani, Mohammad R. Pourahmadi, Elham Jannati, Sayyed H. Fazeli, Rozita Hedayati, Mahmood Akbari
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  • The Effect of Core Stabilization Exercises on Trunk–Pelvis Three-Dimensional Kinematics During Gait in Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain
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Effects of Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation on Patients With Acute Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study
Young-Ho Lim, Ji Min Song, Eun-Hi Choi, Jang Woo Lee
Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(2):229-238.   Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.2.229
Objective

To investigate the effects of real repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (rPMS) treatment compared to sham rPMS treatment on pain reduction and functional recovery of patients with acute low back pain.

Methods

A total of 26 patients with acute low back pain were randomly allocated to the real rPMS group and the sham rPMS group. Subjects were then administered a total of 10 treatment sessions. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was assessed before and after each session. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) were employed to assess functional recovery at baseline and after sessions 5 and 10.

Results

Real rPMS treatment showed significant pain reduction immediately after each session. Sustained and significant pain relief was observed after administering only one session in the real rPMS group. Significant functional improvement was observed in the real rPMS group compared to that in the sham rPMS group after sessions 5 and 10 based on ODI and after session 5 based on RMDQ.

Conclusion

Real rPMS treatment has immediate effect on pain reduction and sustained effect on pain relief for patients with acute low back pain compared to sham rPMS.

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Effects of Lumbar Strengthening Exercise in Lower-Limb Amputees With Chronic Low Back Pain
Min Kyung Shin, Hee Seung Yang, Hea-Eun Yang, Dae Hyun Kim, Bo Ram Ahn, Hyup Kwon, Ju Hwan Lee, Suk Jung, Hyun Chul Choi, Sun Keaung Yun, Dong Young Ahn, Woo Sob Sim
Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(1):59-66.   Published online February 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.1.59
Objective

To analyze the effect of lumbar strengthening exercise in lower-limb amputees with chronic low back pain.

Methods

We included in this prospective study 19 lower-limb amputees who had experienced low back pain for longer than 6 months. Participants were treated with 30-minute lumbar strengthening exercises, twice weekly, for 8 weeks. We used the visual analog scale (VAS), and Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire, and measured parameters such as iliopsoas length, abdominal muscle strength, back extensor strength, and back extensor endurance. In addition, we assessed the isometric peak torque and total work of the trunk flexors and extensors using isokinetic dynamometer. The pre- and post-exercise measurements were compared.

Results

Compared with the baseline, abdominal muscle strength (from 4.4±0.7 to 4.8±0.6), back extensor strength (from 2.6±0.6 to 3.5±1.2), and back extensor endurance (from 22.3±10.7 to 46.8±35.1) improved significantly after 8 weeks. The VAS decreased significantly from 4.6±2.2 to 2.6±1.6 after treatment. Furthermore, the peak torque and total work of the trunk flexors and extensors increased significantly (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Lumbar strengthening exercise in lower-limb amputees with chronic low back pain resulted in decreased pain and increased lumbar extensor strength. The lumbar strengthening exercise program is very effective for lower-limb amputees with chronic low back pain.

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    Alexandra Withey, Dario Cazzola, Abby Tabor, Elena Seminati, Shazlin Shaharudin
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    Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2024; 105(6): 1158.     CrossRef
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Case Report

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of Non-hemiplegic Upper Limb in a Stroke Patient: A Case Report
Ahry Lee, Youjin Jung, Hee-Kyu Kwon, Sung-Bom Pyun
Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(1):175-179.   Published online February 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.1.175

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I in stroke patients is usually known to affect the hemiplegic upper limb. We report a case of CRPS presented in an ipsilesional arm of a 72-year-old female patient after an ischemic stroke at the left middle cerebral artery territory. Clinical signs such as painful range of motion and hyperalgesia of her left upper extremity, swollen left hand, and dystonic posture were suggestive of CRPS. A three-phase bone scintigraphy showed increased uptake in all phases in the ipsilesional arm. Diffusion tensor tractography showed significantly decreased fiber numbers of the corticospinal tract and the spinothalamic tract in both unaffected and affected hemispheres. Pain and range of motion of the left arm of the patient improved after oral steroids with a starting dose of 50 mg/day.

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    Seoyon Yang, SuYeon Kwon, Min Cheol Chang
    Frontiers in Neuroscience.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Article
Risk Factor, Job Stress and Quality of Life in Workers With Lower Extremity Pain Who Use Video Display Terminals
Sehoon Choi, Seong Ho Jang, Kyu Hoon Lee, Mi Jung Kim, Si-Bog Park, Seung Hoon Han
Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(1):101-112.   Published online February 28, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.1.101
Objective

To investigate the general characteristics of video display terminal (VDT) workers with lower extremity pain, to identify the risk factors of work-related lower extremity pain, and to examine the relationship between work stress and health-related quality of life.

Methods

A questionnaire about the general characteristics of the survey group and the musculoskeletal symptom was used. A questionnaire about job stress used the Korean Occupational Stress Scale and medical outcome study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) to assess health-related quality of life.

Results

There were 1,711 subjects in the lower extremity group and 2,208 subjects in the control group. Age, sex, hobbies, and feeling of loading affected lower extremity pain as determined in a crossover analysis of all variables with and without lower extremity pain. There were no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of job stress and SF-36 values of the pain and control groups.

Conclusion

Job stress in VDT workers was higher than average, and the quality of life decreased as the stress increased. Factors such as younger age, women, hobbies other than exercise, and feeling of loading influenced lower extremity pain of workers. Further long-term follow-up and supplementary studies are needed to identify risk factors for future lower extremity pain, taking into account ergonomic factors such as worker's posture.

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  • Yük Taşıyan İşçilerde Ergonomi Eğitiminin Vücut Farkındalığı, Postür ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri
    İbrahim Halil ASLAN, Emine ATICI
    Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2023; 12(3): 1213.     CrossRef
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    Xu Jin, Yidan Dong, Fujiang Wang, Ping Jiang, Zhongbin Zhang, Lihua He, Mikael Forsman, Liyun Yang
    BMJ Open.2022; 12(2): e054969.     CrossRef
  • Tailored physiotherapeutic intervention study for musculoskeletal disorders among video display terminal users
    Francesca Larese Filon, Alex Dusefante, Maria Peresson, Annamaria Flego, Gabriele Dallan, Barbara Cacciatori
    La Medicina del Lavoro.2022; 113(2): e2022012.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Prolonged Visual Display Terminal Use and Exercise on Physical and Mental Conditions of Internet Staff in Hangzhou, China
    Xiao Cheng, Mengna Song, Jingxia Kong, Xinglin Fang, Yuqing Ji, Meibian Zhang, Hongmei Wang
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(10): 1829.     CrossRef
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