To evaluate the potential effects of a 308-km ultra-marathon on bone and cartilage biomarkers.
Venous blood samples were collected at pre-race, 100 km, 200 km, and 308 km checkpoints. The following markers of cartilage damage and bone metabolism were studied: osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and calcium, phosphorous, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP).
Blood samples were taken from 20 male runners at four different checkpoints. Serum COMP was increased by 194.1% (130.7% at 100 km and 160.4% at 200 km). Serum OPG was significantly increased by 158.57% at 100 km and 114.1% at 200 km compared to the pre-race measures. OC was transiently suppressed at 200 km. Serum calcium and phosphorous concentrations decreased compared to the pre-race measures.
This study showed that the 308-km ultra-marathon induced several changes, including transient uncoupling of bone metabolism, increased bone resorption, suppressed bone formation, and bone turnover and had a major impact on cartilage structure.
Citations
Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out what is the effect of epidural corticosteroid injection on bone metabolism.
Method: We have assessed the systemic effects of a single epidural triamcinolone acetonide injection on biochemical indices of bone formation and resorption in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy. Twenty patients who had lumbosacral radiculopathy and free from exposure to corticosteroid for at least 6 weeks were selected for this study. Patients were classifed as two groups; 1) epidural block with 2% lidocaine 3 ml and 0.9% normal saline 15 ml (4 men, 5 women; mean age 47.2⁑7.6 years) and 2) combination of triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg (5 men, 6 women; mean age 49.6⁑8.2 years). Fasting serum and the second voided urine were collected at 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the single epidural injection for bone-related biochemical
markers measurements.
Results: 1) Level of serum osteocalcin showed a significant time trend in the epidural corticosteroid injection group. Osteocalcin decreased dramatically from 11.2⁑3.4 ng/ml on day 0 to 5.9⁑2.8 ng/ml on day 1, 6.1⁑1.5 ng/ml on day 3 (p＜0.05). After the initial drop, the level recovered to 9.8⁑3.7 ng/ml by day 7, and returned to preinjection level on day 14, at 10.9⁑4.1. 2) Urinary deoxypyridinoline levels did not show any significant changes.
Conclusion: According to the above results, the epidural injection of corticosteroid may be a better therapeutic mode, with less potential for harmful effects to bone metabolism, in providing effective relief of symptoms to patients with lumbosacral radiculopaties. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2002; 26: 203-207)
Objective: To determine whether estradiol (E2), lipid profile, biochemical markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) are related according to postmenopausal period.
Method: One hundred fifty four women were divided into four groups according to the time past menopause: group I (0∼5 years), group II (6∼10 years), group III (11∼15 years), group IV (more than 16 years). Group I, II, III were subdivided into osteoporosis group (t-score＜2.5) and non-osteoporosis group (t-score≥2.5). E2, lipid profile, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, deoxypyridinoline, and BMD by DEXA were measured in all groups.
Results: There were significant inverse correlation between BMD and postmenopausal period (p＜0.05). Deoxypyridinoline and osteocalcin were correlated with postmenopausal period but there was no statistical significance. Deoxypyridinoline and osteocalcin were increased in osteoporosis group compared to non-osteoporosis group but there was no statistical significance. E2 had significant inverse correlations with postmenopausal period (p＜0.05). E2 had no correlation with factors such as biochemical markers and lipid profile in group I, II, III but had adverse correlation with deoxypyridinoline in group IV.
Conclusion: No specific biochemical markers regarding the duration of menopause were found. Regardless of the duration of menopause, checking both osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline was statistically significant for the evaluation of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Objective: To investigate bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover in cerebral palsy patients according to the severity and type.
Method: BMD and biochemical markers of bone turnover were examined in 30 normal children and 57 children with cerebral palsy. They were 10 to 15 years old and divided into 5 groups: Group I, 30 normal children; Group II, 11 with moderate spastic cerebral palsy; Group III, 10 with moderate non-spastic cerebral palsy; Group IV, 24 with bed-ridden spastic cerebral palsy; Group V, 13 with bed-ridden non-spastic cerebral palsy. The bed-ridden cerebral palsy subjects were further divided into two groups: one with treatment of anticonvulsants more than 5 years; the other with no experience of anticonvulsants treatment. BMD and its T-score on the dominant forearm were measured in all subject, and the level of serum osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline were measured in cerebral palsy patients in early morning.
Results: The bed-ridden cerebral palsy children were shorter, weighed less, and also showed significantly lower value of BMD and T-score on the distal radio-ulnar and the distal end of radial bones compared to those of the normal and the moderate cerebral palsy. These parameters were not significantly different between spastic and non-spastic types of same severity of cerebral palsy. There's no difference in the level of serum osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline between each group of cerebral palsy. In cerebral palsy groups, the level of serum osteocalcin remained in the normal range of the same age group of the normal, however, the urine deoxypyridinoline levels were significantly higher than those of the same age groups of the normal. No difference in either BMD or biochemical markers of bone turnover was observed in bed-ridden cerebral palsy groups regardless of anticonvulsants treatment.
Conclusion: A couple of factors accounting for lower BMD in bed-ridden cerebral palsy are as follows: 1) the increase in activity of bone resorption rather than formation, 2) the diminish of muscle use and the decrease of mechanical stresses on the bone. In addition, these results also suggest no effect of anticonvulsants on lower BMD.
Objective: To evaluate and correlate three biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density in the lumbar spine.
Method: Eighty seven adults with the low back pain(45 men and 42 women) were enrolled in this study. Bone mineral density in the lumbar spine was evaluated by a quantitative computed tomography. Serum osteocalcin, serum alkaline phosphatase, and urinary deoxypyridinoline were measured in the early morning.
Results: The mean serum osteocalcin values were 5.61 ng/ml in men and 5.68 ng/ml in women. The mean urinary deoxypyridinoline values were 6.54 nM/mM.Cr. in men and 10.0 nM/mM.Cr. in women. Among women, the values of serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in the postmenopausal group than the premenopausal group(p＜0.01). And, they were inversely related to bone mineral density in lumbar spine.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the measurement of serum osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and urinary deoxypyridinoline can be used as indirect indicators of the current bone status, and can be effectively used in the evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis.
The main objectives of this study were to assess the age related changes of biochemical indices of bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic females, and to assess the correlations of these indices with bone mineral density(BMD) of lumbar spine measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). Subgects were 70 osteoporotic women in pre and postmenopausal periods. The results showed that Postmenopausal women had higher level of Osteocalcin(OS) and Deoxypyridinoline(DPYD) with lower level BMD of lumbar spine compared with premenopausal women. Age, height, and weight had significant correlations with BMD of lumbar spine. Also a significant correlation was observed between the OS and DPYD. Pre and postmenopausal osteoporotic women(5, 10, 15 year duration) were similar for the rate of bone turnover. These results indicate that the biochemical indices used in our study are the potential markers to predict an age related change of BMD, as well as bone turnover rate of the lower BMD subjects. The combination of BMD measurement and assessment of the bone turnover rate by measuring biochemical indices would be helpful for the screening and treatment of patients with risks of osteoporosis.
Spinal cord injury causes a decrease in bone mass, an osteopenia and an increased risk of fractures. In this condition, previous histomorphologic and biochemical reports have shown an uncoupling between bone formations and resorptions, however the exact sequence of events resulting in bone loss is still not fully understood. Since accurate and sensitive techniques have become available recently to assess bone metabolism, more informations are now available regarding the bone loss in paralysed or immobilized individuals. The purpose of this study is to clarify the changes of biochemical markers and bone densities. Ten complete and 10 incomplete spinal cord injury patients were enrolled for this study. The bone density of femur and lumbar vertebra, and the biochemical markers such as serum osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline were measured. Results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney method and Pearson's correlation of SPSS PC program.
Comparing with normal values, in the spinal cord injury groups, the values of serum osteocalcin were elevated(p＞0.05), and also the values of urine deoxypyridinoline were significantly elevated(p＜0.05). The duration after spinal cord injury and the bone density of femur and lumbar vertebra showed a moderate negative correlation(Pearson's R: 0.47, 0.43, respectively)(p＜0.05).
In conclusion, the results of increased values of biochemical markers in bone metabolism support that the bone turn-over rate increases after the spinal cord injury.
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