Objective To investigate the association of nutritional risk with gait function and activities of daily living (ADLs) in older adult patients with hip fractures.
Methods The retrospective data of older adult patients diagnosed with hip fractures who visited the recovery-phase rehabilitation ward between January 2019 and December 2022 were reviewed. Nutritional risk was evaluated using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index; gait function and ADLs were assessed using the modified Harris Hip Score subitem and Functional Independence Measure, respectively. Multivariate linear regression and path analysis with structural equation modeling were used to examine the factors associated with ADLs and the associations among the study variables.
Results This study included 206 participants (172 females and 34 males; mean age, 85.0±7.3 years). In the multivariate analysis, gait function (β=0.488, p<0.001), cognitive function (β=0.430, p<0.001), and surgery (β=-0.143, p<0.001) were identified as independent factors. Pathway analysis revealed that nutritional risk was not directly correlated with ADLs but was directly associated with gait and cognitive functions. Gait and cognitive functions, in turn, were directly related to ADLs.
Conclusion Nutritional risk was found to be associated with ADLs through an intermediary of gait and cognitive functions.
Objective To determine physical activity, sleep, and nutrition patterns in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and investigate the association of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and age with these health behaviors.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in an outpatient setting. Participants included adolescents and adults with CP (n=28; GMFCS level I–V; mean age 35.1±14.4 years). An Exercise Questionnaire or Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure physical activity in adolescents and adults, respectively. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). An adapted version of the PrimeScreen questionnaire was used to assess nutrition. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between GMFCS and age with physical activity, sleep, and nutrition.
Results The average total physical activity was 29.2±30.0 min/day. Seventy-five percent of the participants had poor sleep quality (PSQI score >5). Seventy-one percent reported “fair” eating behaviors; none reported “excellent” eating behaviors. Neither GMFCS nor age were significantly associated with PSQI score, PrimeScreen score, or total physical activity. A negative correlation existed between sleep quantity (hr/night) and PSQI score (r=-0.66, p=0.01).
Conclusion The triad of health components, consisting of physical activity, sleep, and nutrition, was not associated with GMFCS or age in our sample of 28 individuals with CP, suggesting that these three health behaviors should be assessed during clinical encounters of CP in adolescents and adults at all levels of the GMFCS.
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Objective To assess the nutritional status of Korean patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), identify the predictors of undernutrition, and investigate the relationship between undernutrition and clinical outcomes.
Methods A retrospective study design was used to determine the nutritional status of 130 patients over 19 years old admitted to the rehabilitation hospital of Yonsei University Health System between June 2015 and February 2017. The nutritional status was assessed using the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and the spinal nutrition screening tool (SNST). The relationship between undernutrition and clinical outcomes was examined by comparing a low-risk group with an at-risk group using a t-test.
Results Among the SCI patients, 70 (50.8%) were confirmed with undernutrition based on the MUST scores, while 60 (46.2%) had undernutrition based on the SNST scores. It was found that undernutrition has an effect on functional outcomes.
Conclusion We assessed the undernutrition risk in Korean SCI patients, and found that approximately 50% of the patients were at risk of undernutrition. We also found that undernutrition can affect functional recovery.
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