Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

Electrodiagnosis

Nerve Conduction Study, Sympathetic Skin Response Test, and Demographic Correlates in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Younggon Lee, So Hun Kim, Chang-Hwan Kim; Ann Rehabil Med 2025;49(1):40-48. Published online February 6, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.240042

Abstract
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Objective
To comprehensively assess the relationship between nerve conduction study (NCS), sympathetic skin response (SSR), and demographic factors in patients with diabetic neuropathy, exploring potential risk factors and mechanisms.
Methods
A retrospective study (N=184) included patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing NCS and SSR. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. Patients were categorized by diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and SSR stages for comparative analysis.
Results
HbA1c levels correlated with DPN progression. SSR stages exhibited age-related differences. Height correlated with DPN but not SSR stages. Body mass index showed no significant differences.
Conclusion
While DPN progression correlated with glycemic control and duration of diabetes, SSR was influenced by age. Unexpectedly, cholesterol levels remained within the normal range, challenging established concepts. Understanding these relationships is crucial for interpreting test results and developing targeted interventions for diabetic neuropathy.

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Electrodiagnosis

Reference Standard of Median Nerve Conduction Study in Korea: Jae Hyun Lee, Eunkyung Kim, Hyung-Seok Shim, Min-Gu Kang, Keewon Kim, Sang Yoon Lee, Goo Joo Lee, Shi-Uk Lee, Jae-Young Lim, Sun Gun Chung, Byung-Mo Oh; Ann Rehabil Med 2024;48(4):259-270. Published online August 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.240015

Objective
To establish the reference standard of the median nerve conduction study (NCS) in Korea.
Methods
A total of 648 median motor and 602 median sensory NCSs from 349 Korean healthy volunteers were tested and analyzed prospectively. Equipment calibration, assessment of intraand inter-rater reliability, and the NCSs per se were conducted according to a predetermined protocol. A reference standard was established from uncertainty components for the following parameters: the onset and peak latencies; the baseline-to-peak and peak-to-peak amplitudes; the area and duration of the negative wave; and the nerve conduction velocity. The effects of sex, age and stimulation intensity were analyzed.
Results
Each measured value of 648 median motor and 602 median sensory nerves were obtained and presented with both mean and expanded uncertainties, as well as mean and standard deviations. The cut-off values with expanded uncertainty were determined for different age and sex groups. After adjusting for anthropometric covariates, all parameters except duration were affected by age, and sex appeared to influence both duration and area. While stimulation intensity significantly affected some parameters including latencies, the effect sizes were negligible.
Conclusion
We propose the median NCS reference standard using the largest Korean dataset ever available. The use of the traceable and reliable reference standard is anticipated to promote more accurate and dependable diagnosis and appropriate management of median neuropathies in Korea.

Citations

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Электронейромиография в педиатрической практике (обзор литературы)
Павел Олегович Ляжьев, Мария Юрьевна Фомина
Pediatrician (St Petersburg).2026; 16(5): 70. CrossRef
Wrist Flexor Spasticity and Hemiplegic–Contralateral Median Nerve Latency Asymmetry After Stroke: A Bilateral Nerve Conduction and Ultrasound Study
Ki-Hyeok Ku, Seongmin Choi, Kyung Chul Noh, Eo Jin Park
Diagnostics.2026; 16(7): 1088. CrossRef

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Facilitation of Nerve Conduction by Distant Muscle Contraction in Stroke Patients.: Sohn, Min Kyun , Han, Sang Min; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2005;29(1):50-57.

Abstract
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Objective
To investigate the effect of distant muscle contraction on the sensory and motor nerve conduction and F-wave studies in stroke patients. Method: During isometric contraction of contralateral hand, sensory nerve action potential (SNAP), compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and F-wave of median nerve were recorded at submaximal and supramaximal stimulus intensity. The subject group consisted of 15 stroke patients and 10 control subjects. Results: At submaximal stimulation, the amplitude and area of SNAP were significantly increased during muscle contraction in both groups (p＜0.05). However there were no changes in parameters of SNAP and CMAP at supramaximal stimulation in both groups. The latency of F-wave was prolonged, and the amplitude was increased in the stroke group than those in the control group at resting state (p＜0.05). The shortening of F-wave latency and increment of F-wave amplitude were observed in the control group during distant muscle contraction, but not in the stroke group. Conclusion: The distant muscle contraction might facilitate the nerve conduction. In addition F-wave elicited during voluntary contraction can be used as a monitor of upper motor neuron disorders. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2005; 29: 50-57)

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Facilitation of Nerve Action Potential by Distant Muscle Contraction.: Sohn, Min Kyun , Kim, Bong Ok , Han, Sang Min , Min, Kwon Hong; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2004;28(1):48-53.

Abstract
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Objective
To investigate the effect of distant muscle contraction on the sensory and motor nerve conduction and F-wave studies. Method: During isometric contraction (10%, 25% and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction) of dominant hand using hand held dynamometer, sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs), compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and F-waves were examined on contralateral upper and ipsilateral lower extremities in 20 healthy adult subjects. SNAPs of median and sural nerves, CMAPs and F-waves of median and tibial nerves were recorded with submaximal and supramaximal intensity stimulation. Results: At submaximal stimulation the amplitudes and areas of median and sural SNAPs and median nerve CMAPs were significantly increased during distant muscle contraction (p＜0.05). Distant muscle contraction did not effect on the parameters of SNAPs and CMAPs at supramaximal stimulation. The latencies of F-waves were significantly shortened and amplitudes of F-waves were increased during distant muscle contraction (p＜0.05). Especially the amplitudes of F-waves were significantly positive correlated with the level of muscle contraction (p＜0.05). Conclusion: SNAPs and CMAP were augmented by the distant muscle contraction only submaximal stimulation. Due to facilitation, the distant muscle contraction should be considered during routine F-wave studies. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2004; 28: 48-53)

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The Effect of Body Mass Index on Nerve Conduction Studies.: Rhie, Kyong Seok , Lee, Il Yung , Rah, Ueon Woo , Moon, Hae Won , Kim, Kyong Mi; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2002;26(3):316-320.

Abstract
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Objective: To determine whether there is a difference in nerve conduction studies depend on the body mass index (BMI) of subjects

Method: Twenty normal healthy volunteers were enrolled for the study. A routine usual sensory and motor nerve conduction study and a sensory nerve conduction study using the near nerve needle technique were performed. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared. In order to evaluate the effect of BMI on the various measurements of the nerve conduction study, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used.

Results: The sensory nerve amplitudes of median, ulnar and sural nerves correlated significantly (p＜0.05) with BMI. However, no correlation was noted between BMI and sensory nerve amplitude by near nerve needle technique. There was no statistical differences noted in the measurements of latency of examined motor and sensory nerves neither the velocity of examined motor nerves.

Conclusion: In clinical practice, the effect of BMI should be taken into account when the interpretation of abnormal sensory nerve study has to be soli. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2002; 26: 316-320)