Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine

"Dominance"

Original Articles

Reliability and Validity of the Comprehensive Limb and Oral Apraxia Test: Standardization and Clinical Application in Korean Patients With Stroke: Sung-Bom Pyun, Yu Mi Hwang, Soo Yung Jo, Ji-Wan Ha; Ann Rehabil Med 2019;43(5):544-554. Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2019.43.5.544

Abstract
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Objective
To develop and standardize the Limb and Oral Apraxia Test (LOAT) for Korean patients and investigate its reliability, validity, and clinical usefulness for patients with stroke.
Methods
We developed the LOAT according to a cognitive neuropsychological model of limb and oral praxis. The test included meaningless, intransitive, transitive, and oral praxis composed of 72 items (56 items on limb praxis and 16 items on oral praxis; maximum score 216). We standardized the LOAT in a nationwide sample of 324 healthy adults. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity tests were performed in patients with stroke. We prospectively applied the LOAT in 80 patients and analyzed the incidence of apraxia. We also compared the clinical characteristics between the apraxia and non-apraxia groups.
Results
The internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha=0.952). The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and concurrent validity were also high (r=0.924–0.992, 0.961–0.999, and 0.830, respectively; p<0.001). The mean total, limb, and oral scores were not significantly different according to age and education (p>0.05). Among the 80 patients with stroke, 19 (23.8%) had limb apraxia and 21 (26.3%) had oral apraxia. Left hemispheric lesions and aphasia were significantly more frequently observed in the limb/oral apraxia group than in the non-apraxia group (p<0.001).
Conclusion
The LOAT is a newly developed comprehensive test for limb and oral apraxia for Korean patients with stroke. It has high internal consistency, reliability, and validity and is a useful apraxia test for patients with stroke.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Verbal and oral apraxia in patients with acute stroke: Frequency, relationship, and some risk factors
Sarah Esmailzade Moghimi, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Fariba Yadegari, Mehdi Dehghan, Seyed Mohammad Masood Hojjati, Payam Saadat, Zahra Geraili, Maryam Alizadeh
Applied Neuropsychology: Adult.2024; 31(2): 97. CrossRef
The Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Treating Apraxia
Asma AlRuwaili, Rida Fatima, Amal Hussain, Mohammad Uzair, Turki Abualait, Kaleem Imdad, Shahid Bashir
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets.2024; 23(8): 1030. CrossRef
Cerebrolysin Concentrate: Therapeutic Potential for Severe Oral Apraxia After Stroke: A Case Report
Hyeonwoo Jeon, Doo Young Kim
Brain & Neurorehabilitation.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Oral Apraxia on Dysphagia in Patients with Subacute Stroke
Jei Hak Myung, Sung-Bom Pyun
Dysphagia.2023; 38(1): 227. CrossRef
Gerstmann Syndrome as a Disconnection Syndrome: A Single Case Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Soo Hoon Yoon, Jae Ik Lee, Mun Jeong Kang, Hae In Lee, Sung-Bom Pyun
Brain & Neurorehabilitation.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Culturally Competent Approaches for Neuropsychological Assessment for Differential Diagnosis of Dementia of Korean-Speaking Patients in the United States
Michele K York, Stella H Kim, Dongwook D Lee, Victoria A Windham, Adriana M Strutt, Jennifer M Stinson, Stephen R McCauley
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology.2023; 38(3): 459. CrossRef
The Western Aphasia Battery: a systematic review of research and clinical applications
Andrew Kertesz
Aphasiology.2022; 36(1): 21. CrossRef
The Incidence of Aphasia, Cognitive Deficits, Apraxia, Dysarthria, and Dysphagia in Acute Post Stroke Persian Speaking Adults
Zahra Ghoreyshi, Reza Nilipour, Narges Bayat, Samaneh Sazegar Nejad, Masoud Mehrpour, Tabassom Azimi
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2022; 74(S3): 5685. CrossRef

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Effect of Dominant Hand Paralysis on Quality of Life in Patients With Subacute Stroke: Hyeon Uk Nam, Jin Seok Huh, Ji Na Yoo, Jong Moon Hwang, Byung Joo Lee, Yu-Sun Min, Chul-Hyun Kim, Tae-Du Jung; Ann Rehabil Med 2014;38(4):450-457. Published online August 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2014.38.4.450

Abstract
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Objective

To evaluate the degree to which the paralysis of a dominant hand affects quality of life (QOL) in patients with subacute stroke.

Methods

We recruited 75 patients with subacute hemiplegic stroke. Patients were divided into two groups according to the location of the lesion and the side of the dominant hand. Group 1 consisted of patients whose strokes affected the dominant hand (i.e., right hemiplegia and right dominant hand or left hemiplegia and left dominant hand). Group 2 consisted of patients whose strokes affected the non-dominant hand (i.e., left hemiplegia and right dominant hand or right hemiplegia and left dominant hand). The primary outcome measure was the Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36), which was used to evaluate health-related QOL. Secondary outcomes were scores on the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Results

We did not find any statistically significant differences between the groups in any SF-36 domain including the summaries of physical and mental component. Similarly, the MBI and BDI scores were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion

The effect of paralysis on the dominant hand and QOL in patients with subacute stroke was not significantly different from the effect of paralysis on the non-dominant hand.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of Quality of Life Between Right and Left Hemiplegic Stroke Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Applied Sciences.2025; 15(10): 5299. CrossRef
A meta-analysis of the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on hand function and daily living ability after stroke
Yue Shen, Jinchao Du, Xiaoduo Yao, Jiqin Tang
Medicine.2025; 104(35): e44029. CrossRef
Relationship between Hand grip strength and Hand function in patients with Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
Nikita Prakashchandra Gajjar, Thrishala Noronha, Ranjith Anumasa, Premkumar Mariarathinam, Anitha Mariappan
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2024; 28: 101657. CrossRef
Evaluation of Finger Movement Impairment Level Recognition Method Based on Fugl-Meyer Assessment Using Surface EMG
Adhe Rahmatullah Sugiharto Suwito P, Ayumi Ohnishi, Yudith Dian Prawitri, Riries Rulaningtyas, Tsutomu Terada, Masahiko Tsukamoto
Applied Sciences.2024; 14(23): 10830. CrossRef
Correlation between kinetic and kinematic measures, clinical tests and subjective self-evaluation questionnaires of the affected upper limb in people after stroke
Ronnie Baer, Ronit Feingold-Polak, Daniel Ostrovsky, Ilan Kurz, Shelly Levy-Tzedek
Frontiers in Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on persons-reported outcomes of health status after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Auwal Abdullahi, Tamaya Van Criekinge, Naima A. Umar, Usman U. Zakari, Steven Truijen, Wim Saeys
International Journal of Rehabilitation Research.2021; 44(1): 15. CrossRef
Constraint-induced movement therapy protocols using the number of repetitions of task practice: a systematic review of feasibility and effects
Auwal Abdullahi, Sevim Acaroz Candan, Melda Soysal Tomruk, Abdulsalam Mohammed Yakasai, Steven Truijen, Wim Saeys
Neurological Sciences.2021; 42(7): 2695. CrossRef
Comparative Assessment of Robotic versus Classical Physical Therapy Using Muscle Strength and Ranges of Motion Testing in Neurological Diseases
Zoltán Zsigmond Major, Calin Vaida, Kinga Andrea Major, Paul Tucan, Emanuela Brusturean, Bogdan Gherman, Iosif Birlescu, Raul Craciunaș, Ionut Ulinici, Gábor Simori, Alexandru Banica, Nicoleta Pop, Alin Burz, Giuseppe Carbone, Doina Pisla
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2021; 11(10): 953. CrossRef
Developing an anti-spastic orthosis for daily home-use of stroke patients using smart memory alloys and 3D printing technologies
Luca Toth, Adam Schiffer, Miklos Nyitrai, Attila Pentek, Roland Told, Peter Maroti
Materials & Design.2020; 195: 109029. CrossRef
Combined Aerobic Exercise and Task Practice Improve Health-Related Quality of Life Poststroke: A Preliminary Analysis
Anson B. Rosenfeldt, Susan M. Linder, Sara Davidson, Cynthia Clark, Nicole M. Zimmerman, John J. Lee, Jay L. Alberts
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2019; 100(5): 923. CrossRef
Isolated Hand Palsy in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS): Is It Useful?
Antonio Siniscalchi, Piergiorgio Lochner, Paolo Perrotta, Stefano Rizzuto, Giovambattista De Sarro, Luca Gallelli
Western Journal of Emergency Medicine.2018; 19(3): 524. CrossRef
The association between paralytic side and health-related quality of life in facial palsy: a cross-sectional study of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2012)
Sina Kim, Hye-Yoon Lee, Nam-Kwen Kim, Tae Han Yook, Eun-Sung Seo, Jong Uk Kim
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of Occupational Therapy Task‐oriented Approach in Upper Extremity Post‐stroke Rehabilitation
Khader A. Almhdawi, Virgil G. Mathiowetz, Matthew White, Robert C delMas
Occupational Therapy International.2016; 23(4): 444. CrossRef
Grip strength in post-stroke hemiplegia
Soohee Park, Joo-Young Park
Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2016; 28(2): 677. CrossRef
Comparison of Functions, Activity of Daily Living, and Quality of Life according to Hand Dominance in Stroke
Minsu Park, Eun Joo Kim, Junhee Han, Myung Hoon Moon, Yun-Hee Kim, Sung-Hwa Ko, Yong-Il Shin
Brain & Neurorehabilitation.2015; 8(2): 96. CrossRef

8,293 View
99 Download
14 Web of Science
16 Crossref

Changes in Ipsilateral Motor Cortex Excitability during Hand Exercise in Normal Subjects.: Yoo, Woo Kyoung , Jun, Ah Young , Jung, Kwang Ik , Park, Dong Sik , Ju, Young Su; J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2004;28(2):146-150.

Abstract
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Objective
To observe the effect of complexity of unilateral hand activity or dominance of hand on ipsilateral motor cortex excitability.Method: Twenty healthy volunteers of right handedness were recruited. We applied the transcranial magnetic stimulation on right hemisphere, and measured motor evoked potential (MEP) at left first dorsal interossei (FDI). We observed the changes of MEP amplitude during the execution of three different complexities of right finger movement. We set the motor tasks as (1) relaxed state, (2) repetitive opposition of 3rd finger (simple exercise) and (3) opposition of 3rd, 5th, 2nd, 4th finger (complex exercise). These tasks were performed within one minute, and repeated 3 times. To observe the effect of hand dominance, we also measured MEP at right FDI during left hand movements.Results: Ipsilateral motor cortex was significantly facilitated by ipsilateral voluntary hand activity (p＜0.01). And the MEP amplitude was also increased by complexity of hand exercise. Conclusion: We found that the excitability of ipsilateral motor cortex was changed by unilateral hand exercise, and the excitability was increased by complexity of hand exercise. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2004; 28: 146-150)