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Dementia Epidemiology Fact Sheet 2022
Joon-Ho Shin
Ann Rehabil Med 2022;46(2):53-59.   Published online April 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.22027
This dementia epidemiology fact sheet 2022 is aimed at providing an overview of the epidemiology of dementia in Korea using representative government-led data. This review summarizes the prevalence and incidence of this condition using various types of data. The prevalence and incidence of dementia have increased and are predicted to continue to do so. This information will be utilized by public health officials, healthcare professionals, and policymakers to develop strategies for dementia rehabilitation and prevention.

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Original Articles

Value of the Frontal Assessment Battery Tool for Assessing the Frontal Lobe Function in Stroke Patients
Mihyang Han, Da-Ye Kim, Ja-Ho Leigh, Min-Wook Kim
Ann Rehabil Med 2020;44(4):261-272.   Published online July 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.19111
Objective
To examine the correlation between the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) test, which is used to assess the frontal lobe function, and anatomical lesions as well as the ability of the test to detect frontal lobe dysfunction.
Methods
Records of stroke patients undergoing a FAB test and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to the lesions determined by an imaging study: frontal lobe cortex lesions, frontal subcortical circuit lesions, and other lesions. The FAB scores of the three groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The validity of the FAB test to detect frontal lobe dysfunction was assessed by a comparison with the Computerized Neuropsychological Function Test (CNT) using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficients between the FAB test and MMSE were analyzed further based on the MMSE cutoff score.
Results
Patients with frontal cortex lesions had significantly lower total and subtest scores according to the FAB test than the other patients. The FAB test correlated better with the CNT than the MMSE, particularly in the executive function and memory domains. A high MMSE score (r=0.435) indicated a lower correlation with the FAB test score than a low MMSE score (r=0.714).
Conclusion
The FAB test could differentiate frontal lobe lesions from others in stroke patients and showed a good correlation with the CNT. Moreover, the FAB test can be used in patients with high MMSE scores to detect frontal lobe dysfunction and determine the treatment strategies for stroke patients.

Citations

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  • Impaired executive functioning mediates the association between aging and deterministic sequence learning
    Jessica R. Petok, Layla Dang, Beatrice Hammel
    Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition.2024; 31(2): 323.     CrossRef
  • Processing Speed and Attentional Shift/Mental Flexibility in Patients with Stroke: A Comprehensive Review on the Trail Making Test in Stroke Studies
    Anna Tsiakiri, Foteini Christidi, Dimitrios Tsiptsios, Pinelopi Vlotinou, Sofia Kitmeridou, Paschalina Bebeletsi, Christos Kokkotis, Aspasia Serdari, Konstantinos Tsamakis, Nikolaos Aggelousis, Konstantinos Vadikolias
    Neurology International.2024; 16(1): 210.     CrossRef
  • Modern methods of cognitive functions analysis (literature review, part 1)
    N.M. Maslova, O.D. Bulynina
    Experimental and Clinical Medicine.2024; 93(1): 56.     CrossRef
  • Association between the executive dysfunction and balance function in patients with stroke
    Katsuya Sakai, Yuichiro Hosoi, Yusuke Harada, Yuichi Kato
    Brain and Behavior.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of the Japanese Version of the Frontal Assessment Battery in Patients with Stroke
    Katsuya Sakai, Yuichiro Hosoi, Yusuke Harada, Kenji Morikawa, Yuichi Kato
    Neurology International.2024; 16(5): 1086.     CrossRef
  • Sensitivity and specificity of the INECO frontal screening (IFS) in the detection of patients with traumatic brain injury presenting executive deficits
    Clara Pinasco, Mercedes Oviedo, María Goldfeder, Diana Bruno, Alicia Lischinsky, Teresa Torralva, María Roca
    Applied Neuropsychology: Adult.2023; 30(3): 289.     CrossRef
  • Walking Ability Associated with Executive Dysfunction in Patients with Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Katsuya Sakai, Yuichiro Hosoi, Yusuke Harada
    Brain Sciences.2023; 13(4): 627.     CrossRef
  • Estimation Error Consisting of Motor Imagery and Motor Execution in Patients with Stroke
    Katsuya Sakai, Yuichiro Hosoi, Yusuke Harada, Yumi Ikeda
    Journal of Motor Behavior.2023; 55(4): 435.     CrossRef
  • Neuroanatomical Correlates of Cognitive Tests in Young-onset MCI
    Chiara Carbone, Erica Balboni, Daniela Beltrami, Federico Gasparini, Giulia Vinceti, Chiara Gallingani, Davide Salvatori, Simone Salemme, Maria Angela Molinari, Manuela Tondelli, Alessandro Marti, Annalisa Chiari, Giovanna Zamboni
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  • Distinctive effects of executive dysfunction and loss of learning/memory abilities on resting-state brain activity
    Hideyuki Hoshi, Yoko Hirata, Momoko Kobayashi, Yuki Sakamoto, Keisuke Fukasawa, Sayuri Ichikawa, Jesús Poza, Víctor Rodríguez-González, Carlos Gómez, Yoshihito Shigihara
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  • Exekutive Probleme bei geriatrischen Patienten und Patientinnen
    Sophie Ibert, Alexander F. Lubitz, Michael Niedeggen, Gernot Lämmler
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  • Graded motor imagery training as a home exercise program for upper limb motor function in patients with chronic stroke
    Eun Kyu Ji, Hae Hyun Wang, Sung June Jung, Kyoung Bo Lee, Joon Sung Kim, Leechan Jo, Bo Young Hong, Seong Hoon Lim
    Medicine.2021; 100(3): e24351.     CrossRef
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  • The Role of Plasma Neurofilament Light Protein for Assessing Cognitive Impairment in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease
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    Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 242 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
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Correlation Between Walking Ability and Monthly Care Costs in Elderly Patients After Surgical Treatments for Hip Fractures
Koki Abe, Kazuhide Inage, Keishi Yamashita, Masaomi Yamashita, Akiyoshi Yamamaoka, Masaki Norimoto, Yoshinori Nakata, Takeshi Mitsuka, Kaoru Suseki, Sumihisa Orita, Kazuki Fujimoto, Yasuhiro Shiga, Hirohito Kanamoto, Masahiro Inoue, Hideyuki Kinoshita, Tomotaka Umimura, Yawara Eguchi, Takeo Furuya, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Seiji Ohtori
Ann Rehabil Med 2018;42(4):569-574.   Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2018.42.4.569
Objective
To validate the relationship between residual walking ability and monthly care cost as well as long-term care insurance (LTCI) certification level in elderly patients after surgical treatment for hip fractures in Japan.
Methods
Elderly patients aged >75 years who underwent surgical treatment for hip fractures in our hospital were included. The preand post-surgical (6-month) walking ability and LTCI certification and the presence or absence of dementia was determined from medical records and questionnaires. Walking ability was classified into 6 levels used in our daily medical practice. Based on these data, we correlated the relationship between walking ability and the LTCI certification level. Further, based on the official statistics pertaining to the average monthly costs per person at each LTCI certification level, we evaluated the relationship between walking ability and monthly care cost.
Results
A total of 105 cases (mean age, 80.2 years; 16 men; 39 patients with dementia) were included. The correlation between walking ability and average monthly cost per person as well as LTCI certification level at 6 months postoperatively (r=0.58) was demonstrated. The correlation was found in both groups with and without dementia.
Conclusion
The ability to walk reduced the cost of care in elderly patients who experienced hip fracture, regardless of the presence of dementia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Mortality following hip fracture surgery in patients with dementia: a Swedish multiple national register study
    Michael Axenhus, Sara J. Hägg, Maria Eriksdotter, Margareta Hedström, Dorota Religa
    European Geriatric Medicine.2025; 16(2): 541.     CrossRef
  • Level of implementation of pain management and early mobilization strategies to prevent delirium in geriatric trauma patients: A mixed-methods study
    Maryline Beaudoin, Etienne L. Belzile, Céline Gélinas, David Trépanier, Marcel Émond, Marc-Aurèle Gagnon, Mélanie Bérubé
    International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing.2024; 52: 101050.     CrossRef
  • Combined nutritional status and activities of daily living disability is associated with one-year mortality after hip fracture surgery for geriatric patients: a retrospective cohort study
    Ying Chen, Ying Guo, Gang Tong, Yu He, Ruihua Zhang, Qi Liu
    Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Study on the predictive model of delirium risk after surgery for elderly hip fractures based on meta-analysis
    Weiliang Wan, Liyun Li, Zhuan Zou, Wenjie Chen
    European Geriatric Medicine.2024; 16(1): 245.     CrossRef
  • Impact of dementia on post-hip fracture walking ability: a stratified analysis based on pre-fracture mobility in Swedish cohorts of older adults
    Philip D. G. Burenstam Linder, Dorota D. Religa, Fredrik Gustavsson, Maria Eriksdotter, Margareta Hedström, Sara Hägg
    BMC Geriatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The impact of early mobility on functional recovery after hip fracture surgery
    Shota Mashimo, Junya Kubota, Hiroyuki Sato, Azusa Saito, Stuart Gilmour, Nobuto Kitamura
    Disability and Rehabilitation.2023; 45(26): 4388.     CrossRef
  • Association of preoperative nutritional status evaluated by the controlling nutritional status score with walking independence at 180 days postoperatively: a prospective cohort study in Chinese older patients with hip fracture
    Xinqun Cheng, Wei Chen, Jincheng Yan, Zhenbang Yang, Chengsi Li, Dongwei Wu, Tianyu Wang, Yingze Zhang, Yanbin Zhu
    International Journal of Surgery.2023; 109(9): 2660.     CrossRef
  • The effects of dementia on the prognosis and mortality of hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Mingzhuang Hou, Yijian Zhang, Angela Carley Chen, Tao Liu, Huilin Yang, Xuesong Zhu, Fan He
    Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2021; 33(12): 3161.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic factors for 1-year functional outcome, quality of life, care demands, and mortality after surgery in Taiwanese geriatric patients with a hip fracture: a prospective cohort study
    Yu-Pin Chen, Yi-Jie Kuo, Chieh-hsiu Liu, Pei-Chun Chien, Wei-Chun Chang, Chung-Ying Lin, Amir H. Pakpour
    Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Poor Activities of Daily Living Function Reflect Poor Quality of Life after Hip Fracture Surgery for Geriatric Patients
    Wei-Ting Chang, Yi-Jie Kuo, Yu-Yun Huang, Ming-Jr Tsai, Yu-Pin Chen
    Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior.2019; 2(2): 41.     CrossRef
  • 6,523 View
  • 85 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref

Case Reports

Dementia due to Meningovascular Syphilis in Medial Temporal Lobe and Cognitive Rehabilitation
Seungho Ahn, Kwang-Ik Jung, Woo-Kyoung Yoo, Ga Young Kang, Suk Hoon Ohn
Ann Rehabil Med 2012;36(3):423-427.   Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2012.36.3.423

The temporal lobe is essential in saving declarative memory and plays an important role along with the cerebral neocortex in creating and maintaining long-term memory. Damage to the temporal lobe is expected to result in cognitive impairment or dementia, which has characteristic symptoms such as cognitive and behavioral dysfunction and decreasing self-reliance in activities of daily living. We report on a patient, who suffered from dementia due to meningovascular syphilis affecting the medial temporal lobe, and on the outcome of cognitive rehabilitation.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Language impairments and CNS infections: a review
    Adrià Rofes, Diederik van de Beek, Gabriele Miceli
    Aphasiology.2022; 36(10): 1206.     CrossRef
  • 4,808 View
  • 37 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Hypoglycemia-induced Dementia and MR Image-irreversible Restricted Diffusion in Splenium of Corpus Callosum: A case report.
Chae, Yu Jin , Kim, Min Young , Moon, Ja Yung , Kim, Sung Hyun , Kim, Sang Hum , Lee, Jae Hyuk , Lee, Do Youn
J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2007;31(5):596-601.
The clinical impact of severe hypoglycemic brain insult is ranged from alterations of mental status to profound coma and death. However, the exact mechanism of hypoglycemic brain insult is not well known yet. We report a case of a 75-year-old female with diabetes, who developed dementia after a severe hypoglycemic event. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging detected an increased signal intensity in the splenium of corpus callosum. After 6 days, follow-up MRI (T2 weighted imaging) revealed irreversible signal abnormalities in the splenium of corpus callosum. Also, SPECT (Single Positron Emission Computed Tomography) and PET (Positron Emission Tomography) revealed decreased cerebral functions in left parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. This case brings up better understanding for the extent and mechanism of hypoglycemic brain insult. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2007; 31: 596-601)
  • 1,490 View
  • 11 Download

Original Article

Effectiveness of Cognitive Training based on Virtual Reality for the Elderly.
Kim, Min Young , Lee, Ki Suk , Choi, Jin Sung , Kim, Hyun Bin , Park, Chang Il
J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2005;29(4):424-433.
Objective
Virtual reality (VR) has been thought to have great usability to enhance cognitive functions. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a VR program which was developed to improve cognition of the elderly. Method: After developing a VR program, we set special input units and a large projection type monitor for the elderly. The VR program simulated 17 different house-hold tasks. Thirty elderly persons including 9 mild-dementia and 21 none-dementia were involved and were randomly divided into two groups. Fifteen were belonged to the training group and the other 15 belonged to the control group. The training group subjects underwent this VR program for 4 weeks by 3 times a week. Cognitive function change was assess by neuropsychological test scores before and after training period. Results: In the training group, scores in attention and immediate and delayed auditory memory tests were improved after training. However the control group didn't show any changes. And most subjects of the training group enjoyed this program. Conclusion: VR based cognitive training is a useful method to enhance cognitive functions for the elderly. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2005; 29: 424-433)
  • 2,789 View
  • 239 Download
Review Article
Vascular Dementia.
Jeong, Yong , Kang, Sue J , Na, Duk L
J Korean Acad Rehabil Med 2002;26(6):639-646.
Vascular dementia (VD) is a dementia syndrome associated with cerebrovascular disease. Among the several subtypes of VD, most common subtypes are multi-infarct dementia, single-infarct dementia, and subcortical vascular dementia. In patients with multi-infarct dementia, dementia occurs with a close temporal relationship to stroke episodes. Brain imaging usually shows multiple territory cortico-subcortical infarcts. Single-infarct dementia, in contrast, is caused by a single infarct in specific regions of the brain such as thalamus, caudate nucleus, capsular genu, angular gyrus, or hippocampus. In subcortical VD, primary lesion is lacunar infacts or ischemic white matter lesions that are located in subcortical regions, i.e., deep nuclei (basal ganglia and thalamus) or white matter (periventricular and deep white matter). The diagnosis of subcortical vascular dementia is challenging, since stroke episodes are often unrecognized, thus temporal relationship between onset of dementia and stroke is lacking. This article describes 1) subtypes of VD, 2) illustrative cases with vascular dementia, 3) research criteria for VD, 4) treatment of VD, and 5) a general guideline on caregiving for patients with VD, which will enable clinicians to provide better diagnosis and management of patients with VD. (Korean Acad Rehab Med 2002; 26: 639-646)
  • 1,768 View
  • 39 Download
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