Cephalic tetanus is defined as a combination of trismus and paralysis of one or more cranial nerves. Cranial nerves III, IV, VI, VII, and XII may be affected, but the facial nerve is most frequently implicated. A 64-year-old female visited hospital for left ptosis followed by facial palsy after a left forehead abrasion in a car accident. At nine days post injury, left ptosis developed, left facial palsy developed twelve days post injury, and at fifteen days post injury, trismus and dysphagia developed. The following day, there was progression of symptoms to generalized tetanus, such as dyspnea and generalized rigidity. Videofluoroscopic swallow study showed penetration and aspiration. We report a case of cephalic tetanus with ptosis, facial palsy, and dysphagia, which progressed to generalized tetanus.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Tetanus Önder Ergönül, Selin Kolsuz, J Peter Figueroa The Lancet.2026; 407(10529): 716. CrossRef
Facial neuromuscular junctions and brainstem nuclei are the target of tetanus neurotoxin in cephalic tetanus Federico Fabris, Stefano Varani, Marika Tonellato, Ivica Matak, Petra Šoštarić, Patrik Meglić, Matteo Caleo, Aram Megighian, Ornella Rossetto, Cesare Montecucco, Marco Pirazzini JCI Insight.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cephalic Tetanus without Injury – A Rare Presentation of Tetanus Ramanan B.B.V, Ajit Kumar Pegu, Anupam Dutta, Arjit Das, Sanchu T.K. Sreeraj Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences.2021; 10(20): 1555. CrossRef
Cephalic tetanus presenting with bilateral facial palsy A Tahir, P Pokorny, N Malek Scottish Medical Journal.2019; 64(3): 108. CrossRef
A Case of Cephalic Tetanus in an Elderly Patient with Trismus Marilia Bernardes, Saberio Lo Presti, Kenneth Ratzan Case Reports in Infectious Diseases.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Cephalic tetanus as a differential diagnosis of facial nerve palsy Yuki Kotani, Kenji Kubo, Satoko Otsu, Toshihide Tsujimoto BMJ Case Reports.2017; 2017: bcr2016216440. CrossRef
Cephalic Tetanus Presenting With Trismus in an Intravenous Drug Abuser Mehrdad Haghighi, Amirhossein Moghtader Mojdehi, Shiva Faridi Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Just a graze? Cephalic tetanus presenting as a stroke mimic Anisha Doshi, Clare Warrell, Dima Dahdaleh, Dimitri Kullmann Practical Neurology.2014; 14(1): 39. CrossRef
JUST A GRAZE? Anisha Doshi, Dima Dahdalleh, Clare Warrell, Dimitri Kullmann Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.2013; 84(11): e2.159. CrossRef