Objective
To investigate the effects of modified stepping exercises over six weeks on functional mobility and individual lower extremity muscle strength in community-dwelling older individuals.
Methods
This prospective randomized controlled trial design was conducted in thirty-two older adults who completed a modified stepping exercises program (n=16 for soft-surface stepping exercise; n=16 for firm-surface stepping exercise). These exercises were practiced for 50 minutes/day, three days/week, over six weeks. They were assessed for their functional mobility relating to levels of independence at baseline, after 4 weeks, after 6 weeks of intervention, and at 1 month after the last intervention sessions.
Results
Both groups showed significant improvements in functional mobility, lower extremity muscle strength, and walking speed after 4 and 6 weeks of intervention, as well as at the one-month follow-up. However, the soft-surface stepping exercise group exhibited significantly greater improvements in dynamic balance (p=0.035) and lower extremity muscle strength (p=0.015) compared to the firm-surface stepping exercise group after 6 weeks of intervention. Additionally, the soft-surface group demonstrated superior gains in hip flexor (p=0.041), hip extensor (p=0.047), hip adductor (p=0.026), and hip abductor strength (p=0.046), with these enhancements maintained at the one-month follow-up.
Conclusion
Soft-surface stepping exercise that involves whole-body movements offers a promising alternative to promote independence and safety among community-dwelling older adults. This study underscores the need for future research to evaluate the sustained impact of these benefits post-intervention, particularly during a retention period following the intervention.

Objective
To assess postural stability, specifically center of body sway during single-leg standing balance, among individuals with and without forward head posture (FHP) during smartphone use.
Methods
The research recruited 53 healthy smartphone users, aged 18–25, and categorized them into FHP group comprising 26 subjects and the normal (control) group with 27 subjects. Participants were assigned the task of maintaining balance while engaged in smartphone typing during single-leg standing. The experiment involved four specific conditions according to neck posture and stable of surface. The study meticulously quantified body center of pressure (COP) sway amplitudes using the Nintendo Wii Balance Board.
Results
The research revealed that individuals with FHP exhibited significantly greater body sway compared to the control group when using smartphones. Notably, distinct variations were observed in path length sway, anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) sway amplitude, particularly evident when maintaining flexed neck positions on a soft surface while engaged with smartphones.
Conclusion
These findings strongly suggest that individuals with FHP encounter deteriorated postural stability during smartphone use, particularly in challenging head positions.

Citations

• Validity of a qualitative visual method for diagnosing forward head posture
  Shohei Shibasaki, Tomonori Kishino, Yoriko Sei, Keiichiro Harashima, Konomi Sakata, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Takashi Watanabe
  Musculoskeletal Science and Practice.2025; 76: 103282.     CrossRef
• Assessment of balance in overweight and obese young adults: utilizing centre of pressure displacement variables in the single leg sit-to-stand test
  Noppharath Sangkarit, Weerasak Tapanya, Patchareeya Amput, Chananya Muangchuen, Piyaporn Seeta, Worrasak Paleeta
  International Journal of Adolescence and Youth.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Evaluating fall risk in community-dwelling older adults through balance assessment with the Nintendo Wii Balance Board
  Weerasak Tapanya, Noppharath Sangkarit, Puttipong Poncumhak, Saisunee Konsanit
  Human Movement.2025; 26(1): 161.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the relationship between the torque onset angle (TOA) of the isokinetic test for knee extensors in the paretic side and walking related balance in subacute stroke patients.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients with first-ever strokes who have had at least two isokinetic tests within 6 months of onset. 102 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The characteristics of walking related balance were measured with the Berg Balance Scale sub-score (sBBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), 10-m Walk Test (10MWT) and Functional Independence Measure sub-score (sFIM). The second isokinetic test values of the knee extensor such as peak torque, peak torque to weight ratio, hamstring/quadriceps ratio, TOA, torque stop angle, torque at 30 degrees, and peak torque asymmetry ratio between paretic and non-paretic limb were also taken into account. Pearson’s correlation, simple regression and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between TOA and walking related balance.
Results
TOA of the knee extensor of the paretic limb showed significant correlations with BBS, sBBS, TUG, 10MWT, and sFIM according to Pearson’s correlation analysis. TOA also had moderate to good correlations with walking related balance parameters in partial correlation analysis. In multiple regression analysis, TOA of the paretic knee extensor was significantly associated with walking related balance parameters.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that TOA of the paretic knee extensor is a predictable parameter of walking related balance. Moreover, we suggest that the ability to recruit muscle quickly is important in walking related balance.

Objective
To evaluate treadmill backward walking training (BWT) effects on walking speed, balance, mobility, and walking endurance in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods
The study evaluated 41 children with CP (age, 6–18; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II). They were randomly allocated into control and BWT groups. BWT was applied (two sessions/week, 15 min/session for 8-week) to BWT group after the neurodevelopmental-based physiotherapy program routinely followed by all participants while the control group did not receive BWT. 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Two-Minute Walk Test (2MWT) were selected as outcome measures for assessing walking speed, balance, mobility and endurance respectively.
Results
In BWG, 2MWT distance (3.5%), PBS (3.5%) increased significantly, and TUG decreased by 5.1% (all p<0.001) after training, 10MWT was shorter by 6.1% for BWG, corresponding to 7.4% faster walking speed (p<0.01). Control group assessment variations were stationary and not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Backward treadmill walking training induces small but statistically significant motor capacity improvements in children with CP.

Citations

• Quiet standing and anteroposterior limits of stability in adolescents and young adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy
  Hidehito Tomita, Daisuke Kawaguchi, Shuhei Takahashi, Hitoshi Asai
  Human Movement Science.2024; 95: 103215.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the effect of 6 weeks of home-based boxing training on trunk performance, balance, fear of falling, and level of therapy enjoyment in individuals with chronic stroke.
Methods
Eighteen participants with chronic stroke were randomly divided into boxing and control groups (9 patients per group). The boxing group received home-based boxing training for 25 minutes plus balance and trunk exercise training for 15 minutes, while the control group received only home-based balance and trunk exercise training for 40 minutes, three days a week for 6 weeks. The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) were assessed at baseline, and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-training. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to determine differences between pre- and post-training within and between groups. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results
The TIS scores significantly increased from 13 to 17 points in the boxing group (p<0.05) compared to an increase from 15 to 17 points in the control group (p<0.05). The Mini-BESTest scores significantly increased from 14 to 22 points in the boxing group (p<0.05) compared to an increase from 17 to 20 points in the control group (p<0.05). There were no differences in the TIS, Mini-BESTest, ABC, and PACES scores between the two groups.
Conclusion
Home-based boxing training with balance and trunk exercise training had a similar training effect compared to home-based balance and trunk exercise training.

Citations

• Therapeutic Intervention for Trunk Control Impairments in Central Nervous System Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Methods and Efficacy
  Hiroaki Yamashita, Tatsuya Yamaoka, Ryota Shimomura, Sachimori Ichimura, Yuuki Murata, Akihiro Itoh, Tatsuya Mima, Satoko Koganemaru
  Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 10: n/a.     CrossRef
• Effects of Taekwondo intervention on balance ability: A meta-analysis and systematic review
  Zhengfa Han, Hanyu Ju, Artur Kruszewski
  PLOS ONE.2025; 20(2): e0317844.     CrossRef
• Interactive Cognitive Motor Training: A Promising Approach for Sustainable Improvement of Balance in Older Adults
  Longhai Zhang, Jiawei Guo, Jing Zhang, Ling Zhang, Yanbing Li, Shutong Yang, Wenfei Zhu, Fei Guo
  Sustainability.2023; 15(18): 13407.     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between femoral muscle volume (FMV) and physiological outcomes after trans-femoral amputations (TFAs) affecting overall locomotor function in patients.
Methods
Seven individuals who underwent TFA and had been using a prosthesis participated in this cross-sectional study. Gait and balance were assessed using clinical tests, such as 10-m walk test, 6-minute walk test, Berg Balance Scale, and automatic balance system. Respiratory gas analysis was performed to check oxygen consumption rate. Five participants were evaluated for bilateral FMV by MR imaging and FMV was reconstructed using three-dimentional remodeling.
Results
In five participants, significant differences were found between the non-involved and involved sides in femur length, total FMV, and functional muscle volume (all p<0.01) in all groups except for the hip adductor volume. The %mean difference between the non-involved and involved sides was 30% for femur length, 52.55% for hip flexor volume, 26.55% for hip adductor volume, 51.86% for hip extensor volume, and 60.21% for knee extensor volume. The hip flexor volume to hip extensor volume ratio in the involved limb and oxygen consumption rate during comfortable gait were negatively correlated (r=-0.96, p=0.04).
Conclusion
In individuals who underwent unilateral TFA, hip girdle muscle imbalance in the involved limbs may be associated with oxygen consumption rate while using a prosthesis.

Objective
To investigate the effect of low frequency cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on balance impairment in patients with cerebral infarction.
Methods
Thirty-two patients were randomly divided into two groups: rTMS group (n=16) and control (n=16). In the rTMS group, treatment was performed five times per week for 2 weeks (10 sessions), and in the control group, a sham coil was used with the sound and sensation of scalp similar to the rTMS coil. Patients in both groups underwent a conventional rehabilitation program. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used as the primary outcome measurement. Timed Up and Go test (TUG), 10-m walk test (10mWT), and Activity-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC) were used as the secondary outcome measurement. All scales were measured at baseline (T0), after 10 sessions of rTMS (T1), and at 4 weeks after treatment completion (T2) by therapists with over 5 years of clinical experience.
Results
There were significant improvements between T0 and T1, and between T0 and T2, for all assessed items in the rTMS group. Whereas there were significant improvements between T0 and T1, and between T0 and T2, for the BBS and 10mWT in the control group. TUG (-4.87±5.05 vs. -0.50±2.97 seconds) and ABC score (8.10±8.33 vs. 0.16±0.97) were observed significant differences in comparison of the changes from T0 to T1 between the two group. BBS score (4.40±3.66 vs. 1.88±3.14), TUG (-4.87±4.56 vs. -0.62±2.96 seconds) and ABC score (8.22±7.70 vs. -0.09±0.86) differed significantly from T0 to T2 between the two groups.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that low-frequency cerebellar rTMS is helpful for improving balance in patients with cerebral infarction, and maybe a beneficial treatment for these patients.

Citations

• Exploring cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke limb dysfunction rehabilitation: a narrative review
  Zhan Wang, Likai Wang, Fei Gao, Yongli Dai, Chunqiao Liu, Jingyi Wu, Mengchun Wang, Qinjie Yan, Yaning Chen, Chengbin Wang, Litong Wang
  Frontiers in Neuroscience.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Xin Wang, Guilan Huang, Daoran Wang, Lu Sun, Haobo Leng, Kai Zheng, Xinlei Xu, Guofu Zhang, Caili Ren
  Brain Research Bulletin.2025; 225: 111341.     CrossRef
• Effects of Cerebellar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Motor Function of Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
  Yongxin Zhu, Juncong Yang, Kun Wang, Xianwen Li, Jiahui Ling, Xie Wu, Lianhui Fu, Qi Qi
  Brain and Behavior.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Efficacy of Cerebellar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Post-stroke Balance and Limb Motor Function Impairments: Meta-analyses of Random Controlled Trials and Resting-State fMRI Studies
  Yuheng Zeng, Zujuan Ye, Wanxin Zheng, Jue Wang
  The Cerebellum.2024; 23(4): 1678.     CrossRef
• Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation for improving balance capacity and activity of daily living in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Jingfeng Wang, Zhisheng Wu, Shanshan Hong, Honghong Ye, Yi Zhang, Qiuxiang Lin, Zehuang Chen, Liling Zheng, Jiawei Qin
  BMC Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Cerebellar Non-Invasive Stimulation on Neurorehabilitation in Stroke Patients: An Updated Systematic Review
  Qi Liu, Yang Liu, Yumei Zhang
  Biomedicines.2024; 12(6): 1348.     CrossRef
• Bilateral Cerebellar Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Chronic Ataxia After Hemorrhagic Stroke: a Case Report
  Evan Hy Einstein, Juliana Corlier, Cole Matthews, Doan Ngo, Michael K. Leuchter, Cole Citrenbaum, Nikita Vince-Cruz, Bhavna Ramesh, Aaron Slan, Scott A. Wilke, Nathaniel Ginder, Thomas Strouse, Andrew F. Leuchter
  The Cerebellum.2023; 23(3): 1254.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the effect of antigravity treadmill gait training (AGT) on gait function, balance, and fall risk in stroke patients.
Methods
This study included 30 patients with stroke (mean age, 73 years). All subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group (n=15) performed AGT for 20 minutes, five times per week for 4 weeks. The control group (n=15) received conventional gait training for the same duration. To assess fall risk, the Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) was measured. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and 10-m walk test (10mWT) were measured to assess dynamic balance. All scales were measured before intervention (T0) and at 4 weeks (T1) and 12 weeks (T2) after intervention.
Results
Results showed that the total POMA score, BBS, and 10mWT scores improved significantly (p<0.05) at T1 and T2 in both groups. The POMA gait score (4.20±1.37 at T1, 4.87±1.36 at T2) and TUG (4.52±4.30 at T1, 5.73±4.97 at T2) significantly improved (p<0.05) only in the intervention group. The changes in total POMA score and BBS of the intervention group (7.20±2.37, 7.47±3.07) improved more significantly (p<0.05) between T0 and T2 than the control group (2.53±2.10, 2.87±2.53).
Conclusion
Our study showed that AGT enhances dynamic balance and gait speed and effectively lowers fall risk in stroke patients. Compared to conventional gait therapy, AGT would improve gait function and balance in stroke patients more effectively.

Citations

• Reporting of Adverse Events in Studies Involving Treadmill Gait Training After Stroke: A Systematic Review
  Jesimiel Missias de Souza, Daiane Carla Rodrigues Cardoso, Stephano Tomaz da Silva, Josicleide Araújo de Azevedo, Samara Katiane Rolim de Oliveira, Lorenna Raquel Dantas de Macedo Borges, Larissa Araújo Gomes, Maria Amanda Ferreira Quirino, Tatiana Souza
  NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal.2025; 56(3): 274.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Anti-Gravity Treadmill Exercise After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
  Elina Jääskeläinen, Mikko Manninen, Heikki Hurri, Mikko Rantasalo, Yun Zhou, Hannu Kautiainen, Leena Ristolainen
  JMIR Research Protocols.2025; 14: e59935.     CrossRef
• Optimizing Rehabilitation Outcomes for Stroke Survivors: The Impact of Speed and Slope Adjustments in Anti-Gravity Treadmill Training
  Jung-Ho Lee, Eun-Ja Kim
  Medicina.2024; 60(4): 542.     CrossRef
• Increased trailing limb angle in hemiplegic patients after training with a knee orthosis: A randomized controlled trial
  Shun Ito, Hiroaki Abe, Toru Okanuka, Kosuke Nanka, Takuma Nagasawa, Kazuto Oki, Yoshimi Suzukamo, Shin-Ichi Izumi
  NeuroRehabilitation.2024; 54(3): 485.     CrossRef
• General Treatments Promoting Independent Living in Parkinson’s Patients and Physical Therapy Approaches for Improving Gait—A Comprehensive Review
  Dae-Hwan Lee, Bong-Sik Woo, Yong-Hwa Park, Jung-Ho Lee
  Medicina.2024; 60(5): 711.     CrossRef
• Effect of water-based exercise with or without external buoyancy devices in influencing balance improvement in stroke: scoping review
  Ribka Theresia, Farid Rahman
  Fizjoterapia Polska.2024; 24(3): 350.     CrossRef
• Simulating space walking: a systematic review on anti-gravity technology in neurorehabilitation
  Mirjam Bonanno, Maria Grazia Maggio, Angelo Quartarone, Alessandro Marco De Nunzio, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
  Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Safety and Feasibility of Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Training in Individuals with Chronic Stroke: An Exploratory Study
  Sattam M. Almutairi, Moodhi M. Alfouzan, Taghreed S. Almutairi, Hatem A. Alkaabi, Misoon T. AlMulaifi, Marzouq K. Almutairi, Faisal K. Alhuthaifi, Chad Swank
  Brain Sciences.2023; 13(2): 166.     CrossRef
• The Effectiveness of Lower-Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Gait Training on Mobility Function and Quality of Life in Individuals with Chronic Stroke: Prospective Cohort Study
  Sattam Almutairi
  Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A robotic treadmill system to mimic overground walking training with body weight support
  Jongbum Kim, Seunghue Oh, Yongjin Jo, James Hyungsup Moon, Jonghyun Kim
  Frontiers in Neurorobotics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Lower body positive pressure treadmill gait training for neurological patients: a systematic review
  Sattam M. Almutairi
  Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To determine the effects of an integrated training device for strength and balance on extremity muscle strength, postural balance, and cognition in older adults using a combination with various rehabilitation training games, in which balance, strength, and cognitive training were configured in a single device.
Methods
This prospective study included 20 healthy participants aged 65–85 years. Participants trained for 30 minutes daily, 3 days weekly, for 6 weeks with an integrated training device for strength and balance (SBT-120; Man&Tel Inc., Gumi, Korea). Main outcomes were measured using the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Manual Muscle Test. Measurements were taken at three time points: T0 (pretreatment), T1 (immediately after treatment), and T2 (4 weeks after treatment).
Results
All 20 patients completed the training, and TUG, FRT, and BBS scores significantly improved at T1 and T2 compared to T0. Mean TUG scores decreased by 0.99±2.00 at T1 and 1.05±1.55 at T2 compared to T0. Mean FRT scores increased by 6.13±4.26 at T1 and 6.75±4.79 at T2 compared to T0. BBS scores increased by 0.60±0.94 at T1 and 0.45±1.15 at T2 compared to T0. Moreover, muscle strength and cognition (K-MMSE and K-MoCA scores) increased after training.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that an integrated training device for strength and balance can be a safe and useful tool for older adults.

Objective
To determine the immediate and short-term impact of the application of wearable balance compensation system (BCS) on balance impairment in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA).
Methods
The study enrolled 6 participants with SCA with varying degrees of balance impairment. After adjustment for individual fitting, wearable BCS with up to 3% body weight was placed in a garment on the trunk. Sway direction and magnitude were measured with sensors placed posteriorly at the lumbosacral junction, immediately before and after, and at day 1, day 2, and day 7 after wearing the BCS. Timed Up & Go test (TUG) and 25-foot timed walk test were performed, and static foot pressure was measured.
Results
A significant improvement in static and dynamic balance was found during the 25-foot timed walk and in static foot pressure measurement results after wearing the BCS, when compared with that at baseline (p=0.044 vs. p=0.011). Anterior and posterior sway showed improvements from baseline after wearing the BCS. Improvement in the lateral swaying movement control was also seen.
Conclusion
Application of the BCS might be beneficial in the improvement ofthe static and dynamic balance in patients with SCA. Further research on long-term effects and with a larger sample size is indicated.

Citations

• Effects of Unpredictable Perturbation Training on a Split-Belt Treadmill on Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Kap-Soo Han, Myoung-Hwan Ko
  Geriatrics.2025; 10(1): 23.     CrossRef
• L’outil du lestage dans les atteintes du cervelet
  Stella Wagner, Patrick Nenert, Arnaud Choplin
  Kinésithérapie, la Revue.2024; 24(267): 24.     CrossRef
• Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of spinocerebellar ataxia: A systematic review
  Kah Hui Yap, Shahrul Azmin, Jemaima Che Hamzah, Norfazilah Ahmad, Bart van de Warrenburg, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
  Journal of Neurology.2022; 269(5): 2315.     CrossRef
• Is Lateropulsion Really Related with a Specific Lesion of the Brain?
  Kyoung Bo Lee, Sang Won Yoo, Eun Kyu Ji, Woo Seop Hwang, Yeun Jie Yoo, Mi-Jeong Yoon, Bo Young Hong, Seong Hoon Lim
  Brain Sciences.2021; 11(3): 354.     CrossRef

Objective
To examine the correlation between ultrasonographic trunk muscle parameters and balance scales in mild acute stroke patients.
Methods
A total of 55 stroke patients with hemiparesis and motor power grade ≥4 in the manual motor test were included. The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Trunk Control Test (TCT) were used to evaluate patient balance function. Ultrasonographic parameters were measured on both non-paretic and paretic sides of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, and erector spinae muscles. Resting thickness and contraction thickness were measured in all muscles, and contractility and contractility ratio were calculated based on measured thicknesses. The differences between paretic and non-paretic muscle parameters, and the correlation between ultrasonographic parameters and balance scales were analyzed. Stroke patients were divided into two groups according to their fall risk. Ultrasonographic measurements between the two groups were compared.
Results
All muscles’ contraction thickness and contractility were significantly different between paretic and non-paretic sides (p<0.001). Contractility ratios of all trunk muscles showed a significant correlation with SARA, BBS, TUG, and TCT (p<0.05). Contractility ratios of all muscles were significantly different between high- and low-risk fall groups (p<0.05).
Conclusion
The contractility ratio in stroke patients reflects their balance disturbance and fall risk and it may serve as a new parameter for ultrasound imaging of trunk muscles.

Citations

• Immediate effects of trunk Kinesio Taping® on functional parameters in the acute stage of patients with mild stroke: A randomized controlled trial
  Asalet Aybüke Güp, Banu Bayar
  Physiotherapy Theory and Practice.2024; 40(7): 1447.     CrossRef
• Investigation of the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Sitting Balance Scale in individuals with stroke
  Kübra Çapraz, Saniye Aydoğan Arslan, Teoman Çolak
  Acta Neurologica Belgica.2024; 124(1): 81.     CrossRef
• The investigation of ultrasound to assess lateral abdominal wall activation with different types of core exercises
  Nan Hu, Fengshan Huang, Rui Yu, Neil Chen Yi Lun MacAlevey, Yi Zeng, Ping Miao
  BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Respiratory muscle ultrasonography evaluation and its clinical application in stroke patients: A review
  Xiaoman Liu, Ying Yang, Jie Jia
  Frontiers in Neuroscience.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• BOBATH vs. TASK-ORIENTED TRAINING AFTER STROKE: An assessor-blind randomized controlled trial
  Gülşah Sütçü, Levent Özçakar, Ali İmran Yalçın, Muhammed Kılınç
  Brain Injury.2023; 37(7): 581.     CrossRef
• Association between trunk core muscle thickness and functional ability in subacute hemiplegic stroke patients: an exploratory cross-sectional study
  Jee Hyun Suh, Eun Chae Lee, Joo Sup Kim, Seo Yeon Yoon
  Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation.2022; 29(3): 163.     CrossRef
• Ultrasonography of abdominal muscles: Differential diagnosis of late-onset Pompe disease and myotonic dystrophy type 1
  Pei-Chen Hsieh, Chun-Wei Chang, Long-Sun Ro, Chin-Chang Huang, Jia-En Chi, Hung-Chou Kuo
  Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Investigation of Structural Changes in Rectus Abdominis Muscle According to Curl-Up Angle Using Ultrasound with an Extended Field of View
  Chansol Park, Hwi-Young Cho, Chang-Ki Kang
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 14525.     CrossRef
• Trunk Muscle Activation Patterns During Standing Turns in Patients With Stroke: An Electromyographic Analysis
  I-Hsuan Chen, Pei-Jung Liang, Valeria Jia-Yi Chiu, Shu-Chun Lee
  Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To compare postural balance ability in patients with low back pain between groups with and without lumbosacral radiculopathy.
Methods
Patients who were referred for electromyography because of low back pain during the period from April 2017 through June 2018 were chosen as subjects. They were divided into groups with and without lumbosacral radiculopathy based on the results of electromyography. We used Tetrax (Sunlight Medical Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel) to objectively evaluate postural balance ability, and to measure the fall risk, stability index, weight distribution index, and Fourier index.
Results
Patients in the lumbosacral radiculopathy group showed significantly higher fall risk (73.25 vs. 38.00; p<0.05), weight distribution index (8.57 vs. 5.00; p<0.05), and stability index (21.19 vs. 13.16; p<0.05) than those in the group without lumbosacral radiculopathy. The Fourier index at high-medium frequency was significantly increased in the lumbosacral radiculopathy group (8.27 vs. 5.56; p<0.05), whereas weight-bearing on the side of radiculopathy was significantly decreased.
Conclusion
Patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy have decreased postural balance compared with patients without this condition. Somatosensory disturbances in lumbosacral radiculopathy might cause postural balance impairment. Assessment and treatment plan not only for pain reduction but also for postural balance improvement should be considered in the management of patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy.

Citations

• The Patient-Reported Outcomes of Postoperative Prostaglandin E1 Derivative in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
  Worawat Limthongkul, Kritsada Puttasean, Maruay Tanayavong, Weerasak Singhatanadgige, Wicharn Yingsakmongkol, Stephen J. Kerr, Vit Kotheeranurak
  Global Spine Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Lumbar radiculopathy and fracture risk: A Korean nationwide population-based cohort study
  Sangsoo Han, Han-Dong Lee, Hae-Dong Jang, Dong Hun Suh, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Young Hong
  Bone.2024; 179: 116981.     CrossRef
• MODERN PRINCIPLES OF PATIENT MANAGEMENT WITH LUMBOSACRAL RADICULOPATHY (LITERATURE REVIEW)
  Vitaliy P. Gubenko, Serhii S. Sovhyra, Anatolii A. Vasylkov, Andriy V. Fedosenko, Dmytro E. Lytvynenko, Natalia P. Slobodyanyuk
  Clinical and Preventive Medicine.2024; (7): 164.     CrossRef
• Another Look at Fatigued Individuals with and without Chronic Ankle Instability: Posturography and Proprioception
  Nili Steinberg, Gal Elias, Aviva Zeev, Jeremy Witchalls, Gordon Waddington
  Perceptual and Motor Skills.2023; 130(1): 260.     CrossRef
• Exploring effects of Egoscue versus lumbar stabilisation exercises for lower crossed syndrome on postural stability and hyperlordotic posture correction
  S.E. Sequeira, P. Gurudut, V. Kage
  Comparative Exercise Physiology.2023; 19(3): 223.     CrossRef
• Effect of Weak-part Strengthening Training and Strong-part Relaxation Therapy on Static Balance, Muscle Strength Asymmetry, and Proprioception in the Gluteus Medius: Immediate Effect Analysis
  Eun-Bi Choi, Yu-Jin Jung, Dongyeop Lee, Ji-Heon Hong, Jae-Ho Yu, Jin-Seop Kim, Seong-Gil Kim
  Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2022; 17(2): 11.     CrossRef
• Vibration Perception Threshold and Related Factors for Balance Assessment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  Jisang Jung, Min-Gyu Kim, Youn-Joo Kang, Kyungwan Min, Kyung-Ah Han, Hyoseon Choi
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(11): 6046.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate variables for assessment of stroke-related sarcopenia that are alternative options to the current assessment for sarcopenia, which focuses on age-related sarcopenia and also has limitations in addressing sarcopenia due to weakness resulting from stroke.
Methods
Forty patients (17 men, 23 women; mean age, 66.9±15.4 years) with first-ever stroke who can walk independently were included. Muscle mass was determined by measuring ultrasonographic muscle thickness of vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, and biceps brachii muscles in addition to using the skeletal muscle index (SMI) with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Muscle strength was assessed with the Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score as well as handgrip (HG) strength. Physical performance was measured by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) along with 4-meter gait speed (4MGS). Correlations between each assessment in the three categories were analyzed and adjusted by stroke severity, comorbidity, and nutritional status.
Results
For muscle mass, SMI showed the highest correlation with the tibialis anterior muscle (r=0.783, p<0.001) among the other muscles. Regarding muscle strength, the MRC sum score correlated with the HG (r=0.660, p<0.001). For physical performance, the BBS correlated with the 4MGS (r=0.834, p<0.001). The same result was obtained after adjusting for factors of stroke severity, comorbidity, and nutritional status.
Conclusion
These results suggest that ultrasonographic muscle thickness of the tibialis anterior, the MRC sum score, and BBS might be alternatives to SMI, HG, and usual gait speed for sarcopenia in stroke patients.

Citations

• The Feasibility of non-motorized Treadmill Training on Lower Extremity Muscle Strength, Balance, and Gait in Patients with Stroke: A Pilot Study
  Minkwon Cho, Taewoong Jeong, Yijung Chung
  NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal.2025; 56(2): 186.     CrossRef
• Prevalence and predictive factors for obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in patients with chronic stroke
  Charuwan Nimphan, Preeda Arayawichanon, Charoonsak Somboonporn, Jittima Saengsuwan
  World Academy of Sciences Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Training modalities for elder sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
  Hao Qiu, Wanxia Zheng, Xi Zhou, Qianrong Liu, Xuehong Zhao
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Relationship between progressive improvement in gait ability one year after discharge and skeletal muscle characteristics of stroke survivors
  Shu Tanaka, Yosuke Kimura, Yusuke Terao, Iwao Kojima, Mizue Suzuki, Ryosuke Kita, Katsumi Suzukawa, Megumi Moriya, Minoru Yamada
  Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2024; 243: 108401.     CrossRef
• Handheld Ultrasound Parameters of Lower Limb Muscles versus Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Parameters for Skeletal Muscle Assessments in Arabic Female Adults
  Nada H. Alamoudi, Dara Aldisi, Mohamed S. El-Sharkawy, Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty
  Diagnostics.2024; 14(15): 1582.     CrossRef
• The Feasibility and Validity of Sarcopenia Assessment Using Standard of Care Stroke Imaging
  Katrina Knight, Niall Finnegan, Aisling Rafter, Daniel Forbes, Douglas Black, Terry Quinn
  Cerebrovascular Diseases.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
• Physical Therapy Assessment Tool Threshold Values to Identify Sarcopenia and Locomotive Syndrome in the Elderly
  Hae-In Kim, Myung-Chul Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(12): 6098.     CrossRef
• Sarkopeni’ye Genel Bakış ve İlişkili Faktörler
  Tuba Tülay KOCA, Buket TUĞAN YILDIZ
  Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2023; 18(3): 99.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Generalized Sarcopenia and the Severity of Dysphagia after a Stroke
  Gyu Seong Kim, Hyun Im Moon, Jeong A Ham, Min Kyeong Ma
  Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society.2022; 12(1): 24.     CrossRef
• Impaired Nutritional Condition After Stroke From the Hyperacute to the Chronic Phase: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Viviënne Huppertz, Sonia Guida, Anne Holdoway, Stefan Strilciuc, Laura Baijens, Jos M. G. A. Schols, Ardy van Helvoort, Mirian Lansink, Dafin F. Muresanu
  Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of Sarcopenia on Functional Outcomes Among Patients With Mild Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Retrospective Study
  Hyungwoo Lee, Il Hyung Lee, JoonNyung Heo, Minyoul Baik, Hyungjong Park, Hye Sun Lee, Hyo Suk Nam, Young Dae Kim
  Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nutrition Management in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review
  Hoo Young Lee, Byung-Mo Oh
  Brain & Neurorehabilitation.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nutrition Management Across the Stroke Continuum of Care to Optimize Outcome and Recovery
  Anne Holdoway, Ethem Murat Arsava, Stephen A. Ashford, Emanuele Cereda, Rainer Dziewas, Gerard E. Francisco
  The Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2022; 5(4): 121.     CrossRef
• Effect of Aquatic Treadmill Training on Patients with Hemiplegia after Stroke
  Yanan WANG, Tong ZHANG, Huilin LIU, Xuejing DU, Xiaomin ZHU, Yuanmin LIU
  Rehabilitation Medicine.2022; 32(4): 299.     CrossRef
• Are Sarcopenia and Cognitive Dysfunction Comorbid after Stroke in the Context of Brain–Muscle Crosstalk?
  Sophia X. Sui, Brenton Hordacre, Julie A. Pasco
  Biomedicines.2021; 9(2): 223.     CrossRef
• Association Between Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit and Sarcopenia Among Hemiplegic Stroke Patients
  Aeri Jang, Chang Hoon Bae, Soo Jeong Han, Hasuk Bae
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(1): 49.     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia Diagnosis: Reliability of the Ultrasound Assessment of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle as an Alternative Evaluation Tool
  Massimiliano Leigheb, Alessandro de Sire, Matteo Colangelo, Domenico Zagaria, Federico Alberto Grassi, Ottavio Rena, Patrizio Conte, Pierluigi Neri, Alessandro Carriero, Gian Mauro Sacchetti, Fabio Penna, Giuseppina Caretti, Elisabetta Ferraro
  Diagnostics.2021; 11(11): 2158.     CrossRef
• How Does Stroke Affect Skeletal Muscle? State of the Art and Rehabilitation Perspective
  Valentina Azzollini, Stefania Dalise, Carmelo Chisari
  Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia in neurodegenerative disorders
  M. A. Korotysh, S. N. Svetozarskiy, S. V. Kopishinskaia
  Medical alphabet.2021; (36): 52.     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia as a Mediator of the Effect of a Gerontogymnastics Program on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Overweight and Obese Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo, Noelia González-Gálvez, Gemma María Gea-García, Abraham López-Vivancos, Alejandro Espeso-García, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(19): 7064.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the correlation between mechanography and clinical parameters in older people at 3 and 6 months after hip fracture surgery.
Methods
A longitudinal follow-up study was conducted in university hospitals with 38 patients at 3 months and 29 patients at 6 months after hip fracture surgery. Subjects 65 years and older completed measurements on the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), walking ability by Koval, Korean version of the fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight (K-FRAIL) scale, and hand grip strength. The Romberg test with center of foot pressure (COP), chair rise test (CRT), and maximal power (W/kg) were conducted using the Leonardo Mechanograph.
Results
COP area and pathway length were correlated with BBS at 3 and 6 months. Change in BBS was correlated with change in COP area, but not with change in COP length. COP area and pathway length were correlated with K-FRAIL at 3 months after hip fracture surgery. The same COP variables showed correlations with FAC and walking ability by Koval at 6 months after surgery. Maximal power during CRT had correlation with chair rise time but not with other clinical parameters.
Conclusion
The study revealed correlations between mechanography and clinical parameters in older people at 3 and 6 months after hip fracture surgery. Both the clinical assessment and objective test with mechanography may be required for the quantitative and sensitive measurement of postural balance and lower limb muscle power.

Citations

• Gait dynamic stability evaluation in patients undergoing hip joint fractures – tools to measure rehabilitation effectiveness
  Imran Mahmood, Hafiz Farhan Maqbool, Anam Raza, Nadeem Iqbal, Abbas A Dehghani-Sanij
  Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express.2024; 10(4): 045050.     CrossRef
• Minimal clinically important difference of the Berg Balance Scale score in older adults with hip fractures
  Shuntaro Tamura, Kazuhiro Miyata, Sota Kobayashi, Ren Takeda, Hiroki Iwamoto
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2022; 44(21): 6432.     CrossRef
• Utility of the ability for basic movement scale II as a prediction method of ambulation ability in patients after the hip fracture surgery
  Rui Gu, Naoto Ozaki, Degang Yang, Qiuchen Huang, Shin Sato, Fei Zheng, Mitsuhiro Sano, Takeki Ishida, Jianjun Li, Wataru Kakuda
  Journal of Orthopaedic Science.2021; 26(6): 1025.     CrossRef
• Jumping Mechanography is a Suitable Complementary Method to Assess Motor Function in Ambulatory Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  Astrid Blaschek, Martin Rodrigues, Rainer Rawer, Christine Müller, Lena Ille, Sebastian Schröder, Mohamed Idriess, Wolfgang Müller-Felber, Katharina Vill
  Neuropediatrics.2021; 52(06): 455.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine post-operative physical performance factors associated with gait speed in patients surgically treated for hip fracture.
Methods
Cross-sectional data from 59 patients (16 males and 43 females; mean age, 79.2±9.1 years) who underwent hip fracture surgery were enrolled. Patients completed a 10-meter walk test (10MWT) to assess gait speed. Additional physical performance tests included the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors and flexors on the operated and non-operated sides as well as of the hip abductors (all tested using air-resistance weight machines), and analysis of spatio-temporal gait parameters at about 6 weeks after hip surgery.
Results
Bivariate analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between the post-operative 10MWT and the post-operative TUG, age, swing phase duration, and gait cycle duration along with a significant negative correlation between post-operative BBS score, MVIC of the knee extensors and flexors on the operated and non-operated sides, MVIC of the hip abductors, and cadence and stance phase duration. Linear regression analyses revealed that the post-operative TUG (β=0.85, p<0.01), gait cycle duration (β=0.17, p=0.02), and osteoporosis (β=-0.18, p=0.02) were associated with the post-operative 10MWT.
Conclusion
The presence of osteoporosis, post-operative balance, and isometric muscle strength in the operated and non-operated legs were statistically associated with post-operative gait speed early after hip fracture surgery.

Citations

• Virtual reality-enhanced rehabilitation for improving musculoskeletal function and recovery after trauma
  Phani Paladugu, Rahul Kumar, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, Kyle Sporn
  Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Markerless three-dimensional gait analysis in healthy older adults: test–retest reliability and measurement error
  Andreia Carvalho, Jos Vanrenterghem, Sílvia Cabral, Ana Assunção, Rita Fernandes, António P. Veloso, Vera Moniz-Pereira
  Journal of Biomechanics.2024; 174: 112280.     CrossRef
• Balancing act: Unraveling the link between muscle strength, proprioception, and stability in unilateral hip osteoarthritis
  Batool Abdulelah Alkhamis, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Khalid A. Alahmari, Mastour Saeed Alshahrani, Ghada Mohammed Koura, Olfat Ibrahim Ali, Debjani Mukherjee, Basant Hamdy Elrefaey, Holakoo Mohsenifar
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(2): e0298625.     CrossRef
• Association of Nutritional Risk With Gait Function and Activities of Daily Living in Older Adult Patients With Hip Fractures
  Yasunobu Ishikawa, Takuji Adachi, Yasushi Uchiyama
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(2): 115.     CrossRef
• Quantified clinical measures linked to ambulation speed in hemiparesis
  Mouna Ghédira, Maud Pradines, Valentina Mardale, Jean-Michel Gracies, Nicolas Bayle, Emilie Hutin
  Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation.2022; 29(6): 411.     CrossRef
• Minimal clinically important difference of the Berg Balance Scale score in older adults with hip fractures
  Shuntaro Tamura, Kazuhiro Miyata, Sota Kobayashi, Ren Takeda, Hiroki Iwamoto
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2022; 44(21): 6432.     CrossRef
• Mechanisms for increased systemic fracture risk after index fracture
  B. Osipov, B.A. Christiansen
  Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices.2021; 11: 100072.     CrossRef
• Impact of Bone Fracture on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance—Narrative Review
  Pawel Szulc
  Current Osteoporosis Reports.2020; 18(6): 633.     CrossRef

Objective
To compare balance performance and lower limb muscle strength between older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), with and without sensory impairments and non-DM groups. Influence of a number of sensory impairments, and muscle strength on balance performance were explored.
Methods
Ninety-two older adults with and without type 2 DM, were examined relative to visual function with the Snellen chart, Melbourne Edge test, and Howard-Dolman test, vestibular function with the modified Romberg test, proprioception of the big toe, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Balance performances were evaluated with the Romberg test, Functional Reach Test (FRT), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Strength of knee and ankle muscles was measured.
Results
FRT of type 2 DM groups with at least two sensory impairments, was lower than the non-DM group (p<0.05). TUG of all DM groups, was worse than the non-DM group (p<0.01). Lower limb muscle strength of type 2 DM groups with two and three sensory impairments, was weaker than non-DM group (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that type 2 DM with three sensory impairments, ankle dorsiflexors strength, and age were influential predictors of TUG.
Conclusion
There were significant differences, of muscle strength and balance performance among groups. Poorer balance and reduced lower limb strength were marked in older adults with type 2 DM, even ones without sensory impairment. Muscle weakness seemed to progress, from the distal part of lower limbs. A greater number of sensory impairments, weaker dorsiflexors, and advanced age influenced balance performance.

Citations

• People with Long Covid and ME/CFS Exhibit Similarly Impaired Balance and Physical Capacity: A Case-Case-Control Study
  Lawrence D. Hayes, Nilihan E.M. Sanal-Hayes, Marie Mclaughlin, Ethan C.J. Berry, Nicholas F. Sculthorpe
  The American Journal of Medicine.2025; 138(1): 140.     CrossRef
• People with Long COVID and ME/CFS Exhibit Similarly Impaired Dexterity and Bimanual Coordination: A Case-Case-Control Study
  Nilihan E.M. Sanal-Hayes, Lawrence D. Hayes, Marie Mclaughlin, Ethan C.J. Berry, Nicholas F. Sculthorpe
  The American Journal of Medicine.2025; 138(5): 893.     CrossRef
• Impact of Physical Activity on Diabetes Symptoms and Balance in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Healthy Adults: A Comparative Study
  Serpil Mıhçıoğlu, Mehtap Malkoç, İlker Yatar
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Examination of Physical Fitness and Nutritional Status in Geriatric Individuals with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  Özge Cemali, Mustafa Cemali, Özgün Elmas, Zafer Erden
  Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
• Predictors of Quality of Life Among Older Residents in Rural and Urban Areas in Indonesia: An Approach Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health
  Dwi Rosella Komalasari, Chutima Jalayondeja, Wattana Jalayondeja, Yusuf Alam Romadon
  Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2025; 58(2): 199.     CrossRef
• The effects of local calf vibration on balance, blood flow, and nerve conductivity in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a pilot study
  Hamid R. Fateh, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Amin Nakhostin-Ansari, Mahsa Sabziparvar, Sara Naybandi, Soofia Naghdi, Roshanak Honarpishe
  Physiotherapy Theory and Practice.2024; 40(7): 1397.     CrossRef
• Balance performance, falls-efficacy and social participation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without vestibular dysfunction
  Dwi Rosella Komalasari, Mantana Vongsirinavarat, Vimonwan Hiengkaew, Nantinee Nualnim
  PeerJ.2024; 12: e17287.     CrossRef
• Impact of Glycemic Control on Shoulder Proprioception in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mediating the Connection - Insights from a Cross-Sectional Analysis
  Mastour Saeed Alshahrani, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Adel Alshahrani, Saud F Alsubaie
  Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2024; Volume 17: 3043.     CrossRef
• Romberg's test revisited: Changes in classical and advanced sway metrics in patients with pure sensory neuropathy
  Evangelos Anagnostou, Maria Kouvli, Evangelia Karagianni, Anastasia Gamvroula, Theodosis Kalamatianos, George Stranjalis, Maria Skoularidou
  Neurophysiologie Clinique.2024; 54(5): 102999.     CrossRef
• Balance, Gait, Functionality and Fall Occurrence in Adults and Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Peripheral Neuropathy
  Natália Maria Bezerra Tavares, Jonathânya Marques Silva, Mayra Darlene Morato da Silva, Letícia Danielly Tenório Silva, Jackson Nascimento de Souza, Lucas Ithamar, Maria Cristina Falcão Raposo, Renato S. Melo
  Clinics and Practice.2024; 14(5): 2044.     CrossRef
• Knee proprioception, muscle strength, and stability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- A cross-sectional study
  Khalid A. Alahmari, Ravi Shankar Reddy
  Heliyon.2024; 10(20): e39270.     CrossRef
• Plantar fascia stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Stiffness effect on fall risk and gait speed
  Rumeysa Çakici, Tülay Çevik Saldiran, İlke Kara, Hasan Açik
  The Foot.2023; 56: 102020.     CrossRef
• Calf cutaneous stimulation generates reflexes in the thigh that can be modified by subthreshold noisy vibration
  Emma B. Plater, Tushar Sharma, Ryan M. Peters, Leah R. Bent
  Journal of Neurophysiology.2023; 130(1): 199.     CrossRef
• Effects of supervised structured exercise program on postural control and gait in subjects with type-2 diabetes
  Aarti Popaliya, Chaitali Shah
  Journal of Diabetology.2023; 14(4): 256.     CrossRef
• The effect of exercise therapy on balance in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review
  Narges Jahantigh Akbari, Sedigheh Sadat Naimi
  Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders.2022; 21(2): 1861.     CrossRef
• Foot and ankle characteristics associated with fear of falling and mobility in community‐dwelling older people: a cross‐sectional study
  Fateme Pol, Zahra Khajooei, Sayed Mohsen Hosseini, Alireza Taheri, Saeed Forghany, Hylton B. Menz
  Journal of Foot and Ankle Research.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Cutaneous and muscular afferents from the foot and sensory fusion processing: Physiology and pathology in neuropathies
  Guido Felicetti, Philippe Thoumie, Manh‐Cuong Do, Marco Schieppati
  Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System.2021; 26(1): 17.     CrossRef
• Wearable Focal Muscle Vibration on Pain, Balance, Mobility, and Sensation in Individuals with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Pilot Study
  Raghuveer Chandrashekhar, Hongwu Wang, Carol Dionne, Shirley James, Jenni Burzycki
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(5): 2415.     CrossRef
• Risk of non-vertebral fractures in men with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
  Yang Gao, Fang Chai
  Experimental Gerontology.2021; 150: 111378.     CrossRef
• Effects of physical-cognitive training on physical and psychological functions among older adults with type 2 diabetes and balance impairment: a randomized controlled trial
  Ratchanok Kraiwong, Mantana Vongsirinavarat, Maliwan Rueankam, Thanayot Sumalrot
  Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation.2021; 17(2): 120.     CrossRef
• Remote Subthreshold Stimulation Enhances Skin Sensitivity in the Lower Extremity
  Emma B. Plater, Vivian S. Seto, Ryan M. Peters, Leah R. Bent
  Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fear of Falling, Lower Extremity Strength, and Physical and Balance Performance in Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus
  Mantana Vongsirinavarat, Witaya Mathiyakom, Ratchanok Kraiwong, Vimonwan Hiengkaew
  Journal of Diabetes Research.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
• Association of disease duration and sensorimotor function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: beyond diabetic peripheral neuropathy
  Neha Khan, Irshad Ahmad, Majumi M. Noohu
  Somatosensory & Motor Research.2020; 37(4): 326.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the effects of combination functional electrical stimulation (FES) and standing frame training on standing balance in stroke patients.
Methods
Patients who had hemiparesis and postural instability after stroke were randomly assigned to one of the two groups; study group underwent FES on the quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscle simultaneously with standing balance training. The control group received standing frame training and FES separately. Both the groups received their respective therapies for 3 weeks. Stability index in Biodex Balance master system, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), manual muscle test, the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index, and Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination were used to evaluate the effects of the treatment.
Results
In total, 30 patients were recruited to the study group and 30 to the control group. Three weeks after treatment, both the groups showed improvement in postural stability scores and physical and cognitive functions. When changes in postural stability were compared between the groups, the study group showed more significant improvement than the control group with regards to the scores of BBS and the stability indices.
Conclusion
In this study, we found the therapeutic effectiveness of combined therapy of FES and standing frame in subacute stroke patients. The presented protocol is proposed as time-saving and can be applied easily in the clinical setting. Thus, the proposed combined therapy could be a useful method for improving standing balance in subacute stroke patients.

Citations

• The role of technologies with biofeedback in afterstroke muscle strength and muscle tone correction: an open-label randomized controlled prospective study
  M. S. Filippov, I. V. Pogonchenkova, E. V. Kostenko, A. M. Shchikota, L. V. Petrova
  Medical alphabet.2025; (33): 7.     CrossRef
• RESNA and CTF position on the application of supported standing devices: Current state of the literature
  Cara E. Masselink, Ashley Detterbeck, Nicole B. LaBerge, Ginny Paleg
  Assistive Technology.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
• An Iterative Learning Controller for a Switched Cooperative Allocation Strategy During Sit-to-Stand Tasks with a Hybrid Exoskeleton
  Vahidreza Molazadeh, Qiang Zhang, Xuefeng Bao, Nitin Sharma
  IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.2022; 30(3): 1021.     CrossRef
• Therapeutic effectiveness of a single exercise session combined with WalkAide functional electrical stimulation in post-stroke patients: a crossover design study
  VivianeRostirola Elsner, Lucieli Trevizol, Isadora de Leon, Marcos da Silva, Thayná Weiss, Milena Braga, Daniela Pochmann, AmandaStolzenberg Blembeel, Caroline Dani, Elenice Boggio
  Neural Regeneration Research.2021; 16(5): 805.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Electrical Stimulation of Lower Extremity Muscles on Balance in Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review of Literatures
  Zeinab Mahmoudi, Roghayeh Mohammadi, Tahereh Sadeghi, Gita Kalbasi
  Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.2021; 30(8): 105793.     CrossRef
• Restoring function in progressive multiple sclerosis
  Michelle Ploughman
  The Lancet Neurology.2019; 18(8): 711.     CrossRef

Objective
To elucidate the effect of task-specific lower extremity training (TSLET) on cognitive and gait function in stroke patients.
Methods
Thirty-eight patients were assigned to either the TSLET group or the control group. The individuals of TSLET group went through a TSLET plus conventional physical therapy. The control group received two sessions of conventional physical therapy. The primary outcome involved the assessment with visual and auditory digit span test. The secondary outcome was evaluated by the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) for cognitive function, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Time Up and Go Test (TUG), 10 meters Walking Test (10mWT), 6 minutes Walking Test (6MWT), and Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) for gait, balance, and functional ability.
Results
After intervention (3 weeks) and 2 weeks of follow-up, the TSLET group showed statistically significant improvement in the visual digit span test backwards compared with the control group. In secondary outcome, a significant improvement was observed in GDS, BBS, TUG, and 10mWT in the TSLET group. There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning visual digit span test forward, auditory forward and backward digit span tests, K-MMSE, 6MWT, and K-MBI.
Conclusion
TSLET could be a useful alternative strategy for improving cognitive and gait function in stroke patients.

Citations

• Rehabilitation interventions for cognitive deficits in stroke survivors: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
  Anas R. Alashram, Giuseppe Annino, Elvira Padua
  Applied Neuropsychology: Adult.2025; 32(1): 262.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of balance training using the balance pro (SBT-330) device in patients with reduced balance ability following a stroke: Randomized controlled trial
  Jung-Lim Lee, Ji Hong Min, Sung-Hwa Ko, Hyunji Hwang, Ji Soo Baik, In Jae Park, Yeon Chul Lee, Jong Hwa Shin, Ki Jin Hwang, Chul Hyun Kim, Yong-Il Shin
  Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.2025; 42: 381.     CrossRef
• Inclusion of People With Aphasia in Stroke Trials: A Systematic Search and Review
  Ciara Shiggins, Brooke Ryan, Farhana Dewan, Julie Bernhardt, Robyn O'Halloran, Emma Power, Richard I. Lindley, Gordon McGurk, Miranda L. Rose
  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2024; 105(3): 580.     CrossRef
• Therapeutic Effects of a Newly Developed 3D Magnetic Finger Rehabilitation Device in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study
  Sung-Hoon Kim, Dong-Min Ji, Chan-Yong Kim, Sung-Bok Choi, Min-Cheol Joo, Min-Su Kim
  Brain Sciences.2022; 12(1): 113.     CrossRef
• Effects of Action Observation Training Combied with Auditory Cueing on Gait Ability in Patients with Stroke: a Preliminary Pilot Study
  Hyeong-Min Kim, Sung-Min Son, Yu-Min Ko
  The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2022; 34(3): 98.     CrossRef
• Engagement in rehabilitation therapy and functional outcomes among individuals with acquired brain injuries
  Michael W. Williams, Lisa J. Rapport, Robin A. Hanks, Hillary A. Parker
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2021; 43(1): 33.     CrossRef
• Therapeutic Efficacy of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Acupoints on Motor and Neural Recovery of the Affected Upper Extremity in Chronic Stroke: A Sham-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
  Reem M. Alwhaibi, Noha F. Mahmoud, Hoda M. Zakaria, Walaa M. Ragab, Nisreen N. Al Awaji, Mahmoud Y. Elzanaty, Hager R. Elserougy
  Healthcare.2021; 9(5): 614.     CrossRef
• Poststroke cognitive impairment and the possibility of its nonpharmacological treatment with vestibular stimulation based on biological feedback to supporting reaction
  S. V. Kotov, E. V. Isakova, E. V. Zaitseva
  Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova.2020; 120(3): 16.     CrossRef

Objective
To elucidate the effect of a 12-week horizontal vibration exercise (HVE) in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients as compared to vertical vibration exercise (VVE).
Methods
Twenty-eight CLBP patients were randomly assigned to either the HVE or VVE group. All participants performed the exercise for 30 minutes each day, three times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Altered pain and functional ability were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Changes in lumbar muscle strength, transverse abdominis (TrA) and multifidus muscle thicknesses, and standing balance were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer, ultrasonography, and balance parameters, respectively. These assessments were evaluated prior to treatment, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after the first treatment, and 4 weeks after the end of treatment (that is, 16 weeks after the first treatment).
Results
According to the repeated-measures analysis of variance, there were significant improvements with time on VAS, ODI, standing balance score, lumbar flexor, and extensor muscle strength (all p<0.001 in both groups) without any significant changes in TrA (p=0.153 in HVE, p=0.561 in VVE group) or multifidus (p=0.737 in HVE, p=0.380 in VVE group) muscle thickness. Further, there were no significant differences between groups according to time in any of the assessments. No adverse events were noticed during treatment in either group.
Conclusion
HVE is as effective as VVE in reducing pain, strengthening the lumbar muscle, and improving the balance and functional abilities of CLBP patients. Vibrational exercise increases muscle strength without inducing muscle hypertrophy.

Citations

• Effects of whole-body vibration therapy on pain, functionality, postural stability, and proprioception in patients with subacute and chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review
  Franziska Remer, Mohammad Keilani, Philipp Kull, Richard Crevenna
  Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift.2025; 175(1-2): 20.     CrossRef
• Are changes in pain intensity related to changes in balance control in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Daniel K.Y. Zheng, Jae Q.J. Liu, Jeremy R. Chang, Jeffrey C.Y. Ng, Zhixing Zhou, Jinlong Wu, Chelsia K.C. Cheung, Frank F. Huang, Sabina M. Pinto, Dino Samartzis, Manuela L. Ferreira, Kanchana Ekanayake, Stephen Lord, Xueqiang Wang, Arnold Y.L. Wong
  Journal of Sport and Health Science.2025; 14: 100989.     CrossRef
• Reporting and incorporation of social risks in low back pain and exercise studies: A scoping review
  Andrew Bernstetter, Nicole H. Brown, Brandon Fredhoff, Daniel I. Rhon, Chad Cook
  Musculoskeletal Science and Practice.2025; 77: 103310.     CrossRef
• The effects of exercise therapy on lumbar muscle structure in low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Vasiliki Karagiannopoulou, Hannes Meirezonne, Indra De Greef, Jessica Van Oosterwijck, Thomas Matheve, Lieven Danneels, Tine Marieke Willems
  Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 68(5): 101988.     CrossRef
• Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Pain, Disability, Balance, Proprioception, Functional Performance and Quality of Life in People with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Tasneem Zafar, Saima Zaki, Md Farhan Alam, Saurabh Sharma, Reem Abdullah Babkair, Shibili Nuhmani, Sujata Pandita
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(6): 1639.     CrossRef
• Effects of 12 weeks of inspiratory muscle training and whole body vibration on the inflammatory profile, BDNF and muscular system in pre-frail elderly women: A randomized controlled trial
  Helga Cecília Muniz de Souza, Maíra Florentino Pessoa, Rafaela dos Santos Clemente, Alanna Vasconcelos da Silva, Pablo Ramon Gualberto Cardoso, Juliana Fernandes, Arméle Dornelas de Andrade
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2024; 123: 105421.     CrossRef
• Effect of Whole-Body Vibration on Balance or Proprioception in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
  Nuaima Tariq, Zainy Khan, Zubia Veqar
  Journal of Chiropractic Medicine.2023; 22(4): 284.     CrossRef
• Effect of platelet-rich plasma injections for chronic nonspecific low back pain
  Sun Jae Won, Da-ye Kim, Jae Min Kim
  Medicine.2022; 101(8): e28935.     CrossRef
• Whole-body vibration provides additional benefits to patients with patellofemoral pain: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Xinyue Yang, Guang Yang, Yunxia Zuo
  Medicine.2022; 101(47): e31536.     CrossRef
• Core and Whole Body Vibration Exercise Influences Muscle Sensitivity and Posture during a Military Foot March
  Kaitlin D. Lyons, Aaron G. Parks, Oluwagbemiga Dadematthews, Nilophar Zandieh, Paige McHenry, Kenneth E. Games, Michael D. Goodlett, William Murrah, Jaimie Roper, JoEllen M. Sefton
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(9): 4966.     CrossRef
• Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain
  Jill A Hayden, Jenna Ellis, Rachel Ogilvie, Antti Malmivaara, Maurits W van Tulder
  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Inconsistent descriptions of lumbar multifidus morphology: A scoping review
  Anke Hofste, Remko Soer, Hermie J. Hermens, Heiko Wagner, Frits G. J. Oosterveld, André P. Wolff, Gerbrand J. Groen
  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of exercise combined with whole body vibration in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomised-controlled clinical trial
  Angel Yañez-Álvarez, Beatriz Bermúdez-Pulgarín, Sergio Hernández-Sánchez, Manuel Albornoz-Cabello
  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Effectiveness of Trunk Stabilization Exercise Combined with Vibration for Adolescent Patients with Nonspecific Low Back Pain
  Kyoung-sim Jung, Jin-hwa Jung, Tae-sung In, Hwi-young Cho
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(19): 7024.     CrossRef
• Acute and Cumulative Effects With Whole-Body Vibration Exercises Using 2 Biomechanical Conditions on the Flexibility and Rating of Perceived Exertion in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial Pilot Study
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  Dose-Response.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To compare the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to abdominal muscles and back muscles on postural balance in post-stroke hemiplegic patients.
Methods
Thirty post-stroke hemiplegic patients were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the three groups: core muscle-strengthening exercise (CME) with NMES to abdominal muscles (group A), CME with NMES to back muscles (group B), and CME alone (group C). All subjects underwent their targeted interventions for 30 minutes each day, 5 days per week for 3 weeks under a conventional stroke rehabilitation program. Subjects were evaluated using Korean version of Berg Balance Scale (K-BBS), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), Weight Distribution Index (WDI), and Stability Index (SI) just before and 3 weeks after intervention.
Results
Changes in K-BBS (p<0.05) and TIS (p<0.05) were significantly higher in group A (18.5±8.10, 6.6±1.90) and group B (19.9±5.44, 7.0±2.26) than in group C (8.4±4.14, 3.1±0.99). However, K-MBI, WDI, and SI failed to show any significant difference. No significant difference in all outcomes was observed between groups A and B.
Conclusion
The effect of NMES to the abdominal muscles was similar to the effect on back muscles in terms of postural balance. This finding indicated that the NMES to the abdominal muscles may be an alternative for post-stroke hemiplegic patients contraindicated for NMES to the back muscles. Additional studies investigating the effects of NMES on abdominal and back muscles are needed.

Citations

• Recommendations for Target Muscle Activation Protocol During Trunk Rehabilitation Robot-Based Seated Perturbation Training
  Amre Eizad, Hosu Lee, Junyeong Lee, Won-Kyung Song, Jungwon Yoon
  IEEE Access.2025; 13: 78150.     CrossRef
• RETRACTED: Effects of bundle‐care interventions on pressure ulcers in patients with stroke: A meta‐analysis
  Li‐Ping Wang, Ming‐Ming Gao, Xiu‐Qin Wang, Min‐Min Gu, Qin‐De Qi
  International Wound Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Trunk training following stroke
  Liselot Thijs, Eline Voets, Stijn Denissen, Jan Mehrholz, Bernhard Elsner, Robin Lemmens, Geert SAF Verheyden
  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Task-related Trunk Training with Sensory Electrical Stimulation on Sitting Balance in Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Takuya Yada, Kazu Amimoto
  Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 8: n/a.     CrossRef
• Study on the Effects of Different Seat and Leg Support Conditions of a Trunk Rehabilitation Robot
  Amre Eizad, Hosu Lee, Sanghun Pyo, Min-Kyun Oh, Sung-Ki Lyu, Jungwon Yoon
  IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.2022; 30: 812.     CrossRef
• Effect of interferential current on deep abdominal muscle thickness
  Ayumu Endo, Akihiro Yakabi, Akira Kubo
  Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2022; 34(4): 306.     CrossRef
• Safety and Efficacy of Transform for Noninvasive Lipolysis and Circumference Reduction of the Abdomen
  Matthew Novak, David Weir, Rod J. Rohrich
  Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open.2022; 10(7): e4446.     CrossRef
• The Mediating Effect of Age, Gender, and Post-Stroke Duration on the Association between Trunk and Upper Limb Recovery in Subacute Stroke Population: A Cross-Sectional Study with Mediation Analysis
  Kumar Gular, Viswanathan Sivasubramanian, Ravi Shankar Reddy, Jaya Shanker Tedla, Snehil Dixit
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(23): 15644.     CrossRef
• Effect of Electrical Muscle Stimulation Belt for Abdominal Muscles Activation
  Dayeong Choi, Won-Seob Shin
  Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science.2021; 10(4): 444.     CrossRef
• Acute and chronic neuromuscular electrical stimulation and postural balance: a review
  Thierry Paillard
  European Journal of Applied Physiology.2020; 120(7): 1475.     CrossRef
• Stroke Severity and Maximum Inspiratory Pressure are Independently Associated with Functional Mobility in Individuals After Stroke
  Maria Consuelo Nuñez Filha, Laisa Mascarenhas, David Messias, Cláudia Furtado, Cristiane Dias, Moisés Correia Dantas, Lorena Rosa S. Almeida, Elen Beatriz Pinto
  Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.2020; 29(12): 105375.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the dose-related effect of trunk control training (TCT) using Trunk Stability Rehabilitation Robot Balance Trainer (TSRRBT) in chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance.
Methods
This was a retrospective study of 38 chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance that underwent TCT with TSRRBT. The participants were assigned either to the low-dose training (LDT) group (n=18) or to the highdose training (HDT) group (n=20). In addition to the conventional rehabilitation therapy, the LDT group received 5 sessions of TSRRBT intervention per week, whereas the HDT group received 10 sessions of TSRRBT intervention per week. The outcome measures were the scores on the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and its subscales, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), and the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). All outcome measures were assessed before the training and at the end of the 4-week training.
Results
After the 4-week intervention, TIS, BBS, FAC, and K-MBI scores showed improvement in both LDT and HDT groups. Furthermore, the improvements in TIS scores and its subscales were significantly greater in the HDT group than in the LDT group (p<0.05).
Conclusion
TCT using TSRRBT could be an additional treatment for the conventional rehabilitation therapy of chronic stroke patients with poor sitting balance. HDT may provide more beneficial effects on improving patients’ sitting balance than LDT.

Citations

• Investigation of the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Sitting Balance Scale in individuals with stroke
  Kübra Çapraz, Saniye Aydoğan Arslan, Teoman Çolak
  Acta Neurologica Belgica.2024; 124(1): 81.     CrossRef
• Effects of trunk exercises using virtual reality technology on trunk performance and impairment post stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Norah A Alhwoaimel, Aqeel M Alenazi, Ahmad S Alhowimel, Bader A Alqahtani, Mohammed M Alshehri
  Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation.2024; 31(4): 399.     CrossRef
• A Strong Core for a Strong Recovery: A Scoping Review of Methods to Improve Trunk Control and Core Stability of People with Different Neurological Conditions
  Giorgia Marchesi, Greta Arena, Alice Parey, Alice De Luca, Maura Casadio, Camilla Pierella, Valentina Squeri
  Applied Sciences.2024; 14(11): 4889.     CrossRef
• Video Game-Based Trunk Exercises for Rehabilitation in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study
  Norah A. Alhwoaimel, Ann-Marie Hughes, Martin Warner, Aqeel M. Alenazi, Mohammed M. Alshehri, Bader A. Alqahtani, Ahmed S. Alhowimel, Richard Wagland, Simon Brown, Ruth Turk
  Sensors.2024; 24(21): 6830.     CrossRef
• Trunk training following stroke
  Liselot Thijs, Eline Voets, Stijn Denissen, Jan Mehrholz, Bernhard Elsner, Robin Lemmens, Geert SAF Verheyden
  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Novel Trunk Rehabilitation Robot Based Evaluation of Seated Balance Under Varying Seat Surface and Visual Conditions
  Amre Eizad, Hosu Lee, Sanghun Pyo, Muhammad Raheel Afzal, Sung-Ki Lyu, Jungwon Yoon
  IEEE Access.2020; 8: 204902.     CrossRef
• Effects of Breathing Exercise in the Water on Pulmonary Function and Maximum Phonation Time of Children with Cerebral Palsy
  Je-Wook Lee, Gak Hwangbo
  Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2019; 14(3): 91.     CrossRef

Objective
To assess the efficacy and safety of our 4-week caregiver-mediated exercise (CME) in improving trunk control capacity, gait, and balance and in decreasing concerns about post-stroke falls when there is an increase in its efficacy.
Methods
Acute or subacute stroke survivors were assigned to either the trial group (n=35) or the control group (n=37). Changes in Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) scores at 4 weeks from baseline served as primary outcome measures. Correlations of primary outcome measures with changes in Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) scores at 4 weeks from baseline in the trial group served as secondary outcome measures. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) served as safety outcome measures.
Results
There were significant differences in changes in MBI, FAC, BBS, TIS-T, TIS-D, TIS-C, and FES-I scores at 4 weeks from baseline between the two groups (all p<0.0001). There were no significant (p=0.0755) differences in changes in TIS-S scores at 4 weeks from baseline between the two groups. MBI, FAC, BBS, and TIS scores showed significantly inverse correlations with FES-I scores in patients receiving CME. There were no TEAEs in our series.
Conclusion
CME was effective and safe in improving the degree of independence, ambulation status, dynamic and static balance, trunk function, and concerns about post-stroke falls in stroke survivors.

Citations

• Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke
  Alex Todhunter-Brown, Ceri E Sellers, Gillian D Baer, Pei Ling Choo, Julie Cowie, Joshua D Cheyne, Peter Langhorne, Julie Brown, Jacqui Morris, Pauline Campbell
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• Effects of Real-Time Feedback Methods on Static Balance Training in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Il-Ho Kwon, Won-Seob Shin, Kyu-Seong Choi, Myung-Sun Lee
  Healthcare.2024; 12(7): 767.     CrossRef
• Impact of telehealth on stroke survivor–caregiver dyad in at‐home rehabilitation: A systematic review
  Davide Bartoli, Antonello Petrizzo, Ercole Vellone, Rosaria Alvaro, Gianluca Pucciarelli
  Journal of Advanced Nursing.2024; 80(10): 4003.     CrossRef
• Stroke survivor and caregiver experiences of virtual reality gaming to promote social participation: A qualitative study
  Suzanne Hoi Shan Lo, Janita Pak Chun Chau, Kai Chow Choi, Laveeza Butt, Alexander Yuk Lun Lau, Vivian Wing Yan Lee, Eddie Chi Fai Kwok, David R. Thompson, Nadinne Alexandra Roman
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• Physical activity according to sit-to-stand, standing, and stand-to-sit abilities in subacute stroke with walking difficulty: a cross-sectional study
  Natsuki Shimizu, Hiroyuki Hashidate, Tomohiro Ota, Yumi Kawai
  Physiotherapy Theory and Practice.2023; 39(11): 2327.     CrossRef
• Anosognosia for Hemiplegia and Falls After Stroke
  Elizabeth M. Byrd, Christianne E. Strang, Xiaofei Qiao, Lori Loan, Rebecca S. Miltner, Rita A. Jablonski
  Rehabilitation Nursing.2023; 48(1): 14.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of caregiver‐mediated exercise interventions on activities of daily living, anxiety and depression post‐stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
  Wen Ting Choo, Ying Jiang, Kendy Gui Fang Chan, Hadassah Joann Ramachandran, Jun Yi Claire Teo, Chuen Wei Alvin Seah, Wenru Wang
  Journal of Advanced Nursing.2022; 78(7): 1870.     CrossRef
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  Yvonne C. Learmonth, Zita Chan, Helen Correia, Dave Hathorn, Allan Kermode, Catherine Smith, Diana Walker
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  Carla Assenza, Hilenia Catania, Clementina Antenore, Tiziana Gobbetti, Paola Gentili, Stefano Paolucci, Daniela Morelli
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• The effects of virtual reality augmented robot-assisted gait training on dual-task performance and functional measures in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled single-blind trial
  Büşra KAYABINAR, İpek ALEMDAROĞLU-GÜRBÜZ, Öznur YILMAZ
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• Physical fitness training for stroke patients
  David H Saunders, Mark Sanderson, Sara Hayes, Liam Johnson, Sharon Kramer, Daniel D Carter, Hannah Jarvis, Miriam Brazzelli, Gillian E Mead
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• Developing ActivABLES for community-dwelling stroke survivors using the Medical Research Council framework for complex interventions
  Steinunn A. Olafsdottir, Helga Jonsdottir, Charlotte Magnusson, Héctor Caltenco, Mikko Kytö, Laura Maye, David McGookin, Ingibjörg Bjartmarz, Solveig Asa Arnadottir, Ingibjörg Hjaltadottir, Thora B. Hafsteinsdottir
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  Steinunn A. Olafsdottir, Helga Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg Bjartmarz, Charlotte Magnusson, Héctor Caltenco, Mikko Kytö, Laura Maye, David McGookin, Solveig Asa Arnadottir, Ingibjörg Hjaltadottir, Thora B. Hafsteinsdottir
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• The effects of sitting Tai Chi on physical and psychosocial health outcomes among individuals with impaired physical mobility
  Jie Zhao, Janita Pak Chun Chau, Yuli Zang, Suzanne Hoi Shan Lo, Kai Chow Choi, Surui Liang
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Citations

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• Effects of high-intensity interval robot-assisted gait training on cardiopulmonary function and walking ability in chronic stroke survivors: A multicenter single-blind randomized controlled trial
  Junghwa Do, Woo-Taek Lim, Dae Yul Kim, Eun Jae Ko, Myoung-Hwan Ko, Geon Woo Kim, Ji Hye Kim, SooBin Kim, Hwal Kim
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• Smartphone Assessment of the Sitting Heel-Rise Test
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• Leg skeletal muscle mass asymmetry is independently associated with gait speed in older adults requiring long‐term care
  Ryo Sato, Yohei Sawaya, Masahiro Ishizaka, Takahiro Shiba, Tamaki Hirose, Tomohiko Urano
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• Age-Related Differences in Intermuscular Coherence EMG-EMG of Ankle Joint Antagonist Muscle Activity during Maximal Leaning
  Mariusz Konieczny, Przemysław Domaszewski, Elżbieta Skorupska, Zbigniew Borysiuk, Kajetan J. Słomka
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• Body Composition Symmetry in Long-Term Active Middle-Aged and Older Individuals
  Silvia Stagi, Alessia Moroni, Margherita Micheletti Cremasco, Elisabetta Marini
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• The Effect of Exercise Training on Gait, Balance, and Physical Fitness Asymmetries in Persons With Chronic Neurological Conditions: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
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• Trunk movement asymmetry associated with pain, disability, and quadriceps strength asymmetry in individuals with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study
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• Dynamic Nomogram for Predicting the Fall Risk of Stroke Patients: An Observational Study
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• Identifying best fall-related balance factors and robotic-assisted gait training attributes in 105 post-stroke patients using clinical machine learning models
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• Fallers after stroke: a retrospective study to investigate the combination of postural sway measures and clinical information in faller’s identification
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• Comparison of the immediate effects of plantar vibration of both feet with the plantar vibration of the affected foot on balance in patients with stroke: Preliminary findings
  Mahdieh Sajedifar, Zahra Fakhari, Soofia Naghdi, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Roshanak Honarpisheh, Amin Nakhostin-Ansari
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