Objective
To analyze gender differences in adult foot shape with 3D foot scanner Method: Subjects included 1,107 feet of 872 healthy volunteers (male: 325, female: 547) without foot deformity. Total 23 foot parameters (foot length, inside joint length, outside joint length, ball girth, ball width, grading point length, vamp height, vamp length, waist girth point length, waist point length, waist height, waist girth, instep girth point length, instep point length, instep height, instep girth, short heel girth, long heel girth, throat opening, vamp waist angle, waist instep angle, instep-vamp height ratio, instep- ball girth ratio) were measured with 3D foot scanner. Uni-variate t-test was used to assess significant differences between men and women for each foot parameter, standardized to stature and foot length. Results: For a given stature, 20 of 23 foot parameters were greater in men than women (p＜0.05). For a given foot length, 13 of 23 foot parameters were greater in men than women (p＜0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that female feet were different from male feet in a number of shape characteristics. These differences should be taken into account in the manufacture of women's shoes. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2006; 30: 626-631)

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and foot parameters. Method: We examined 1,107 feet of 872 volunteers (male: 325, female: 547) with 3D foot scanner (Nexcan^Ⱂ, K & I, Korea). The relations of BMI and foot parameters were analyzed by partial correlation analysis with adjusted height. We classified subjects into 4 groups by BMI; low-weight (＜18.5 kg/m²), normal-weight (18.5∼22.9 kg/m²), over- weight (23.0∼24.9 kg/m²) and obesity (＞25 kg/m²) group. The relations of these groups and foot parameters were analyzed by univariate ANOVA with fixed height. Results: Instep point length, ball width and girth, waist, instep height and girth, and vamp height showed a positive relation to BMI (p＜0.01). However, foot parameters related to longitudinal length and medial longitudinal arch had no significant relation to BMI (p＜0.01). Ball width and girth, waist, instep height and girth, vamp height were significantly highest in obesity group compared to the other groups (p＜0.05). However, foot parameters related to longitudinal length and medial longitudinal arch showed no significant difference between these 4 groups (p＞0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that BMI was positively related to height, width, girth of foot. But, BMI had no significant relation to length of foot, and medial longitudinal arch. (J Korean Acad Rehab Med 2004; 28: 606-612)