Objective
To establish the reference standard of the median nerve conduction study (NCS) in Korea.
Methods
A total of 648 median motor and 602 median sensory NCSs from 349 Korean healthy volunteers were tested and analyzed prospectively. Equipment calibration, assessment of intraand inter-rater reliability, and the NCSs per se were conducted according to a predetermined protocol. A reference standard was established from uncertainty components for the following parameters: the onset and peak latencies; the baseline-to-peak and peak-to-peak amplitudes; the area and duration of the negative wave; and the nerve conduction velocity. The effects of sex, age and stimulation intensity were analyzed.
Results
Each measured value of 648 median motor and 602 median sensory nerves were obtained and presented with both mean and expanded uncertainties, as well as mean and standard deviations. The cut-off values with expanded uncertainty were determined for different age and sex groups. After adjusting for anthropometric covariates, all parameters except duration were affected by age, and sex appeared to influence both duration and area. While stimulation intensity significantly affected some parameters including latencies, the effect sizes were negligible.
Conclusion
We propose the median NCS reference standard using the largest Korean dataset ever available. The use of the traceable and reliable reference standard is anticipated to promote more accurate and dependable diagnosis and appropriate management of median neuropathies in Korea.

Objective
To establish reference values for the computerized cognitive test and evaluate cognitive function improvements across different age groups, we introduce the computerized Cognitive Function Test program (eCFT), specifically designed for children. We aimed to establish eCFT reference values and assess cognitive function improvements across different age groups.
Methods
We included children aged 3–6 years with confirmed normal cognition based on the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children and Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II. The eCFT consists of 8 subtests for visual perception, attention, memory, and executive function.
Results
A total of 66 participants (36 males and 30 females) with an average age of 4.4 years participated. The age 6 group consistently outperformed both age group 3 and 4 in terms of correct responses. With regard to the completed stage, the “selective auditory stimulus” test findings were 2.0 and 3.9 for the age 3 and age 6 groups, respectively (p<0.05). The “trail-making” test findings were 1.7, 2.1, 2.6, and 2.8, respectively (between ages 3 and 6, p<0.01; between ages 4 and 6, p<0.05); moreover, the age 5 group surpassed the age 3 group (2.6 and 1.7, respectively, p<0.05).
Conclusion
The eCFT is an easily accessible tool to evaluate cognitive function in young children. We introduce reference values with a cutoff range for preschool-aged children, enabling early intervention for those with cognitive impairment. Given its accessibility and relatively short evaluation time, the eCFT has potential for clinical use.

Objective
To develop a set of reference standards for tibial motor, common peroneal motor, sural sensory, and superficial peroneal sensory nerve conduction studies (NCSs) with expanded uncertainty in a healthy Korean population.
Methods
Standardized procedures were conducted for individual lower extremity NCSs of 199 healthy participants in their 20s (n=100) and 50s (n=99). Mean values and expanded uncertainties for parameters were analyzed with thorough consideration of multiple uncertainty factors under the International Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. In addition, side-to-side differences in onset latency, amplitude, and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were analyzed.
Results
Mean (reference range) for distal onset latency, baseline to negative peak amplitude, NCV of tibial motor nerve in males in their 20s were 4.3 ms (3.1–5.4 ms), 7.1 mV (3.4–10.9 mV), and 50.7 m/s (42.2–59.3 m/s), respectively; sural sensory nerve baseline to negative peak amplitude in males in their 20s was 21.7 μV (8.3–35.2 μV). Including the aforementioned data, we present a vast dataset of normative mean values and expanded uncertainties for NCSs of the leg in a healthy Korean population. Furthermore, upper limits for normal side-to-side differences for onset latency, amplitude, and NCV of each nerve are suggested.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first study to present the reference standards of leg NCSs with consideration for multifactorial uncertainties in an Asian population. We expect these results to help practitioners make reliable and reproducible clinical decisions.

Citations

• Effect of Adding Scapulothoracic Stabilization Exercises to Dorsal Scapular Nerve Blockade in Patients with Nerve Entrapment Syndrome: A Single Blinded randomized Controlled Trial
  Bassam A El-Nassag, Nessren M Abd el-Rady, Marwa Mahmoud Abdelrady, Amina Awad, Nehad A Abo-zaid, Shymaa Salem
  NeuroRehabilitation: An International, Interdisciplinary Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Einfluss des Patientenalters auf Parameter der Elektroneurographie
  Vera Kleinveld, Christian Eggers, Wolfgang Löscher, Cristina Cerinza Sick
  Klinische Neurophysiologie.2024; 55(01): 8.     CrossRef
• Revisiting the compound muscle action potential (CMAP)
  Paul E. Barkhaus, Sanjeev D. Nandedkar, Mamede de Carvalho, Michael Swash, Erik V. Stålberg
  Clinical Neurophysiology Practice.2024; 9: 176.     CrossRef
• Reference Standard of Median Nerve Conduction Study in Korea
  Jae Hyun Lee, Eunkyung Kim, Hyung-Seok Shim, Min-Gu Kang, Keewon Kim, Sang Yoon Lee, Goo Joo Lee, Shi-Uk Lee, Jae-Young Lim, Sun Gun Chung, Byung-Mo Oh
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(4): 259.     CrossRef
• Reliability of submaximal stimulation for the train-of-four test using acceleromyography and electromyography with individualized stimulation currents
  Gi Year Lee, Sooyoung Cho, Hee Jung Baik, Jong Wha Lee, Jae Hee Woo, Hyun Jung Lee, Seung Hee Yoo
  Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing.2023; 37(2): 431.     CrossRef
• Short-term evaluation of motor and sensory nerve conduction parameters in COVID-19-associated peripheral neuropathy patients
  Mahmood D. Al-Mendalawi
  The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nerve Conduction Differences in a Large Clinical Population: The Role of Age and Sex
  Shahar Shelly, Roni Ramon-Gonen, Pritikanta Paul, Christopher J. Klein, Eyal Klang, Nisim Rahman, Vera Nikitin, Merav Ben David, Amir Dori
  Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases.2023; 10(5): 925.     CrossRef
• Refined Diagnostic Protocol for Diabetic Polyneuropathy: Paving the Way for Timely Detection
  Byung-Mo Oh
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(4): 234.     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Clinical Outcomes and Nerve Conduction Studies Before and After Viral Infections in Healthy Individuals: Case Series
  Sarah H Al-Mazidi, Fawzia ALRouq, Areej S Alsabty, Abdullah Alhajlah, Asma AlYahya, Ahmed Alsabih, Reema Al-taweraqi, Abdullah S Alahmari, Lina Al-Dakhil, Syed Habib
  Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
The incidence of hip fractures is increasing worldwide with the aging population, causing a challenge to healthcare systems due to the associated morbidities and high risk of mortality. After hip fractures in frail geriatric patients, existing comorbidities worsen and new complications are prone to occur. Comprehensive rehabilitation is essential for promoting physical function recovery and minimizing complications, which can be achieved through a multidisciplinary approach. Recommendations are required to assist healthcare providers in making decisions on rehabilitation post-surgery. Clinical practice guidelines regarding rehabilitation (physical and occupational therapies) and management of comorbidities/complications in the postoperative phase of hip fractures have not been developed. This guideline aimed to provide evidence-based recommendations for various treatment items required for proper recovery after hip fracture surgeries. Methods Reflecting the complex perspectives associated with rehabilitation post-hip surgeries, 15 key questions (KQs) reflecting the complex perspectives associated with post-hip surgery rehabilitation were categorized into four areas: multidisciplinary, rehabilitation, community-care, and comorbidities/complications. Relevant literature from four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed) was searched for articles published up to February 2020. The evidence level and recommended grade were determined according to the grade of recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation method. Results A multidisciplinary approach, progressive resistance exercises, and balance training are strongly recommended. Early ambulation, weigh-bearing exercises, activities of daily living training, community-level rehabilitation, management of comorbidities/complication prevention, and nutritional support were also suggested. This multidisciplinary approach reduced the total healthcare cost.
Conclusion
This guideline presents comprehensive recommendations for the rehabilitation of adult patients after hip fracture surgery.

Citations

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• Comparative analysis of general and regional anesthesia applications in geriatric hip fracture surgery
  Ping Li, Xi Li, Guiying Peng, Jun Deng, Qiang Li
  Medicine.2025; 104(2): e41125.     CrossRef
• Effect of early rehabilitation on hospital stay and postoperative complications in elderly hip fracture patients: a prospective cohort study
  Wen Tang, Yiqi Wang, Yulian He, Bo Liu, Runzhi Yuan, Yanhui Zhou, Huayong Huang
  Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Associations Between Upper Extremity Activity Capacity and Strength and Post-Operative Ambulation After Geriatric Hip Fracture: A Prospective Controlled Study
  Mahmut Tuncez, Tugrul Bulut, Yilmaz Onder, Omur Rezan Talar
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(4): 1040.     CrossRef
• Effect of Nationwide Postoperative Rehabilitation at Home Program after Lower Extremity Surgeries in Older and Younger People
  Kyunghoon Min, Sangchul Lee, Jae Min Kim, Jung Hyun Park, Jun Hwan Choi, Bo Ryun Kim, Kyu Wan Kwak, Seong Jun Kim, Jae-Young Lim
  Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2025; 29(1): 119.     CrossRef
• Level of implementation of pain management and early mobilization strategies to prevent delirium in geriatric trauma patients: A mixed-methods study
  Maryline Beaudoin, Etienne L. Belzile, Céline Gélinas, David Trépanier, Marcel Émond, Marc-Aurèle Gagnon, Mélanie Bérubé
  International Journal of Orthopaedic and Trauma Nursing.2024; 52: 101050.     CrossRef
• Post‐hip‐fracture knee pain in older adults prolongs their hospital stays: A retrospective analysis using propensity score matching
  Yoichi Kaizu, Kazuhiro Miyata, Hironori Arii
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• Full cycle of medical rehabilitation of patients after traumatological and orthopedic operations using the example of a specialized federal center
  N. S. Nikolaev, E. V. Preobrazhenskaya, R. V. Petrova, V. E. Andreeva
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• Relationship between the perioperative prognostic nutritional index and postoperative gait function in elderly hip fractures
  Kumiko Yotsuya, Kaoru Yamazaki, Junichiro Sarukawa, Tatsuya Yasuda, Yukihiro Matsuyama
  Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia.2024; 10(2): 72.     CrossRef
• Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Training Based on Balance Function on Postoperative Recovery and Function of Hip Fracture in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Hai Chang, Chunliang Luan, Chen Li
  Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A retrospective evaluation of individual thigh muscle volume disparities based on hip fracture types in followed-up patients: an AI-based segmentation approach using UNETR
  Hyeon Su Kim, Shinjune Kim, Hyunbin Kim, Sang-Youn Song, Yonghan Cha, Jung-Taek Kim, Jin-Woo Kim, Yong-Chan Ha, Jun-Il Yoo
  PeerJ.2024; 12: e17509.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Telephysiotherapy in Improving Older Adults’ Physical and Psychological Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Siu-Shing Man, Huiying Wen, Kung-Ting Chiu, Fenghong Wang, Hoi-Shou Chan
  Healthcare.2024; 12(17): 1775.     CrossRef
• Implementation status of postoperative rehabilitation for older patients with hip fracture in Kyoto City, Japan: A population-based study using medical and long-term care insurance claims data
  Kosuke Sasaki, Yoshimitsu Takahashi, Mayumi Toyama, Hiroaki Ueshima, Tomoko Ohura, Satoe Okabayashi, Tomonari Shimamoto, Yukiko Tateyama, Hiroko Ikeuchi, Junichi Murakami, Noriko Furuita, Genta Kato, Taku Iwami, Takeo Nakayama, Masaki Mogi
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(9): e0307889.     CrossRef
• Enhancing recovery: surgical techniques and rehabilitation strategies after direct anterior hip arthroplasty
  Alberto Di Martino, Christopher Keating, Michael J. Butsick, Daniela Platano, Lisa Berti, Louis N. Hunter, Cesare Faldini
  Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Associations of hypothetical early intensive in-hospital rehabilitation with activities of daily living after hip fracture surgery in patients with and without dementia: emulating a randomized controlled trial using medical claims data
  Takaaki Ikeda, Upul Cooray, Ryutaro Matsugaki, Yuta Suzuki, Michiaki Takagi, Keiji Muramatsu, Kiyohide Fushimi, Masayasu Murakami, Ken Osaka, Shinya Matsuda
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• Significance of prothrombin, activated partial thromboplastin, and thrombin times in early rehabilitation after tibial fracture surgery
  Min Zhang
  American Journal of Translational Research.2024; 16(9): 4894.     CrossRef
• Geriatric hip fracture with proximal upper extremity fracture increases morbidity and mortality
  Zachary Jodoin, Travis Kotzur, Aaron Singh, Kyle Paul, Case Martin, Ravi Karia, Thomas Hand
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• Clinical Effectiveness of Home‐Based Telerehabilitation Program for Geriatric Hip Fracture Following Total Hip Replacement
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• Rehabilitation after Hip Fracture Surgery: A Survey on Italian Physiotherapists’ Knowledge and Adherence to Evidence-Based Practice
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• Effect of Variation in Early Rehabilitation on Hospital Readmission After Hip Fracture
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• Post hip fracture orthogeriatric care—a Canadian position paper addressing challenges in care and strategies to meet quality indicators
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• Effects of the use of oral nutrition supplements on clinical outcomes among patients who have undergone surgery for hip fracture: A literature review
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• The effect of robotic therapy on patient function after total hip arthroplasty due to developmental dysplasia of the hip: a case study
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• Rehabilitation for Frail Patients With Hip Fracture
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• Problems of physical rehabilitation of movement disorders in the pathology of the hip joint in patients with the consequences of a cerebral stroke
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• Risk factors analysis and nomogram construction for postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with hip fractures
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• The effectiveness of optimal exercise-based strategy for patients with hip fracture: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
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• Mortality, Survival, and Readmissions During a 12-Month Follow-Up After Hip Fracture: Inpatient Rehabilitation Versus Home Rehabilitation
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• Unpaid caregiving for people following hip fracture: longitudinal analysis from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
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• Comparative effectiveness of different exercise interventions for elderly patients with hip fracture: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol of randomized controlled trials
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• Assessment of Self-Care Abilities and Associated Factors among Elderly Patients after Hip Fracture Surgery
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• Effect of a Multicomponent Intervention with Tele-Rehabilitation and the Vivifrail© Exercise Programme on Functional Capacity after Hip Fracture: Study Protocol for the ActiveFLS Randomized Controlled Trial
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• Effectiveness of Multicomponent Home-Based Rehabilitation in Elderly Patients after Hip Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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• Effects of Squat Exercise according to Weight Support on Balance and Gait in Patients after Total Hip Replacement: a Pilot Study
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• Effects of Gait Training Using a Robot for Balance in Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients after Bilateral Avascular Necrosis: A Case Study
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Objective
To determine the factors affecting the amount of weight-bearing during gait training in the elderly patients who underwent internal fixation after femur or pelvic fractures and how well they performed the weight-bearing restriction as directed by the physiatrist.
Methods
In this retrospective chart review study, we measured the amount of weight-bearing on the affected side in 50 patients undergoing internal fixation surgery and rehabilitation after femur or pelvic fracture using a force plate. Patients receiving non-weight-bearing or partial weight-bearing education were considered to perform weight-bearing restriction well when the amount of weight-bearing was <50 lb. Furthermore, regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of postoperative complications, age, cognitive function, and pain on weightbearing restriction.
Results
Variables affecting the amount of weight-bearing were age (r=0.581, p<0.001), weight-bearing education type (r=0.671, p<0.001), manual muscle strength of hip flexion on the non-affected side (r=-0.296, p=0.037), hip abduction (r=-0.326, p=0.021), knee extension (r=-0.374, p=0.007), ankle plantar flexion (r=-0.374, p=0.008), right hand grip strength (r=-0.535, p<0.001), Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (r=-0.496, p<0.001), Clinical Dementia Rating (r=0.308, p=0.03), and pain visual analog scale scores (r=0.318, p=0.024). The significant predictor of the amount of weight-bearing among these variables was age (β=0.448, p=0.001). The weight-bearing restriction adherence rate was significantly lower, at 22%, for patients aged ≥65 years as compared to 73% for those <65 years.
Conclusion
Age was a major variable affecting the amount of weight-bearing. Compliance with weight-bearing restriction was significantly lower in patients aged ≥65 years than in patients <65 years.

Citations

• The feasibility, acceptability, safety, and effects of early weight bearing in humeral fractures – a scoping review
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  Christian Harter, Thomas Cho, Jiayong Liu
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• Partial weight bearing and long-term survival outcomes in extracapsular hip fractures treated with trochanteric Gamma3 nails
  Carlos Hernández-Pascual, José Ángel Santos-Sánchez, Jorge Hernández-Rodríguez, Carlos Fernando Silva-Viamonte, Carmen Pablos-Hernández, Pablo Alonso-Rodríguez, José Antonio Mirón-Canelo
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  Kevin E. Brueilly, Amanda M. Feller, Jonathan M. Ahearn, Jonathan S. Goodwin
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• The relationship between the meaning of life, psychological well-being, self-care, and social capital, with depression and death anxiety in the elderly living in nursing homes: The mediating role of loneliness
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• Do Patients Achieve “Full Weight-bearing” Immediately Following Application of Circular Frame Fixation of the Lower Limb?
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  Yosuke Nagai
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• Audio-biofeedback versus the scale method for improving partial weight-bearing adherence in healthy older adults: a randomised trial
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• Early weight‐bearing following distal femur fracture fixation – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
  Andrea S. Aebischer, Conor J. C. Gouk, Richard Steer
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• Isolated Gastrocnemius Recession for Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity
  Jeremy T. Smith, Max P. Michalski, Brady D. Greene, Emily B. Parker, Kimberly K. Broughton, Eric M. Bluman, Christopher P. Chiodo
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• Barriers and facilitators of weight bearing after hip fracture surgery among older adults. A scoping review
  R.Y. Turabi, D. Wyatt, S. Guerra, M.D.L. O’Connell, T. Khatun, S.A. Sageer, A. Alhazmi, K.J. Sheehan
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• Can elderly individuals perform partial weight bearing on their lower limbs? A prospective cohort study using ambulatory real-time biofeedback
  Tobias Peter Merkle, Nina Hofmann, Christian Knop, Tomas Da Silva
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• Use of a Hindfoot Nail Without Separate Subtalar and Tibiotalar Joint Preparation to Treat Geriatric Ankle and Distal Tibia Fractures: A Case Series
  Priya Duvvuri, Sally May Trout, Christine Decker Bub, Ariel Tenny Goldman
  Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Temporary Partial Weight-Bearing Restriction in Elderly Patients Treated With a Plate Fixation After a Distal Femur Fracture had a Negative Long-Term Impact on Gait Recovery
  Martin Paulsson, Carl Ekholm, Ola Rolfson, Mats Geijer, Roy Tranberg
  Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Digital monitoring of weight-bearing improves success rates and reduces complications in lower extremity surgeries
  Babak Otoukesh, Seyedeh Fariba Moshiri, Behrad Jahangiri, Kamal Mehraban Jafarlou, Shayan Amiri, Nadieh Baniasadi, Bahareh Heshmat Ghahderijani
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• Wearable and Non-wearable Technology Assisted Assessment and Rehabilitation approaches for Gait Improvement among the Patients with Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
  Sumit Raghav, Anshika Singh, Suresh Mani, Mukul Kumar
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• Biomechanics of periprosthetic femur fractures and early weightbearing
  Ansab Khwaja, William Mahoney, Jay Johnson, Alex Trompeter, Jason Lowe
  European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology.2021; 31(5): 861.     CrossRef
• What Predicts Health-Related Quality of Life for Patients With Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures Managed With Arthroplasty? A Secondary Analysis of the HEALTH Trial
  Daniel Axelrod, Marianne Comeau-Gauthier, Sofia Bzovsky, Emil H. Schemitsch, Rudolf W. Poolman, Frede Frihagen, Ernesto Guerra-Farfán, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Mohit Bhandari, Sheila Sprague
  Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma.2020; 34(3): S29.     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the longitudinal changes of swallowing kinematics based on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs) in subacute stroke patients grouped according to the method of dietary intake.
Methods
Sixty-nine subacute stroke patients who had taken at least 2 successive VFSSs were included. Subjects were allocated into 3 groups according to the degree of swallowing function recovery—not improved group (tube feeding recommended to patients at both studies), improved group (tube feedings recommended initially to patients and oral feeding recommended at follow-up study), and well-maintained group (oral feeding at both studies recommended to patients). Initial VFSS was performed during the subacute stage of stroke, 1 to 12 weeks after the onset of stroke, and follow-up VFSS was performed at least once. Kinematic variables were calculated by two-dimensional motion analysis of multiple structures, including the hyoid bone, epiglottis, and vocal cord. Changes of kinematic variables were analyzed in serial VFSSs.
Results
At the initial VFSS, the well-maintained group showed significantly larger angles of epiglottic folding than the not improved group, while at the follow-up VFSS, the improved and the well-maintained groups showed significantly larger epiglottic folding angles than the not improved group. The distribution of epiglottic folding angles was in a dichotomous pattern, and each cluster was related to the swallowing function.
Conclusion
This study showed that improved epiglottic folding angles are associated with the recovery of the swallowing process and suitability for oral feeding among various kinematic variables in subacute stroke patients.

Citations

• Predictors of recovery from dysphagia after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Xiaoyan Jin, Shaomei Shang, HoiYee Tong, Ming Liu, Dan Li, Ying Xiao
  International Journal of Nursing Sciences.2025; 12(2): 184.     CrossRef
• Timing of True Vocal Cords Closure for Safe Swallowing: A Review of 5 Studies Using 3D Analysis Using Computerized Tomography (CT)
  Yoko Inamoto, Marlís González-Fernández, Eiichi Saitoh
  Dysphagia.2024; 39(3): 313.     CrossRef
• A Large Cohort Analysis of Epiglottic Phenotypes and Pharyngeal Residue
  Adam Kravietz, Tyler Crosby, Jackie Yang, Stamatela Balou, Gregory R. Dion, Ashley Logan, Milan R. Amin
  Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology.2024; 133(4): 375.     CrossRef
• Predicting Swallowing Recovery in Subacute Stroke Patients via Temporal and Spatial Parameters of Videofluoroscopy
  Lian Wang, Zhenhai Wei, Wei Xin, Zulin Dou
  Brain and Behavior.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Clinical Predictors of Dysphagia Recovery After Stroke: A Systematic Review
  Pamela D’Netto, Anna Rumbach, Katrina Dunn, Emma Finch
  Dysphagia.2023; 38(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Risk factors of dysphagia in patients with ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis and systematic review
  Cui Yang, Yun Pan, Massimiliano Toscano
  PLOS ONE.2022; 17(6): e0270096.     CrossRef
• Correlation of Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study Findings With Radionuclide Salivagram in Chronic Brain-Injured Patients
  Ga Yang Shim, Ju Sun Oh, Seunghee Han, Kyungyeul Choi, Son Mi Lee, Min Woo Kim
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(2): 108.     CrossRef
• Effects of percutaneous injection laryngoplasty on voice and swallowing problems in cancer‐related unilateral vocal cord paralysis
  Min‐Gu Kang, Han Gil Seo, Eun‐Jae Chung, Hyun Haeng Lee, Seo Jung Yun, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Seong Keun Kwon, Byung‐Mo Oh
  Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology.2021; 6(4): 800.     CrossRef
• Correlation Between Maximal Tongue Pressure and Swallowing Function in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy
  Dae-Won Gwak, Seung-Hwan Jung, Yu-Sun Min, Jin-Sung Park, Hee-Jin Cho, Donghwi Park, Min Woo Hong, Min-Gu Kang
  Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and three additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea.
Methods
This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of 33 authors—primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and two general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, three rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. Principal Conclusions CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers cardiovascular mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.

Citations

• Impact of Cardiac Rehabilitation Health Insurance Coverage on Cardiac Rehabilitation Use in Korea Using an Interrupted Time Series
  Yu Shin Park, In Sun Song, Suk‐Yong Jang, Chung Mo Nam, Eun‐Cheol Park
  Journal of the American Heart Association.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Smartphone application-based rehabilitation in patients with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases
  Chiwook Chung, Ah-Ram Kim, Dongbum Kim, Hee Kwon, Seong Ho Lee, Il-Young Jang, Min-Woo Jo, Do-Yoon Kang, Sei Won Lee
  Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exercise intensity prescription in cardiovascular rehabilitation: bridging the gap between best evidence and clinical practice
  Juliana Goulart Prata Oliveira Milani, Mauricio Milani, Kenneth Verboven, Gerson Cipriano, Dominique Hansen
  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Cardiac rehabilitation for patients with coronary artery disease
  Jang Woo Lee
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(9): 566.     CrossRef
• Awareness of cardiac rehabilitation in people with cardiovascular diseases in Hatay: A cross-sectional study
  İrem HÜZMELİ, Nihan KATAYIFÇI, Oğuz AKKUŞ, Dilay SUNGUR
  Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi.2023; 28(3): 382.     CrossRef
• Smartphone application-based rehabilitation in patients with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases: a randomised controlled trial study protocol
  Chiwook Chung, Ah-Ram Kim, Il-Young Jang, Min-Woo Jo, Seongho Lee, Dongbum Kim, Hee Kwon, Do-Yoon Kang, Sei Won Lee
  BMJ Open.2023; 13(9): e072698.     CrossRef
• Fact Sheet on Cardiac Rehabilitation for Cardiovascular Disease in South Korea
  Ki-Hong Kim, Jae-Young Han
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(5): 318.     CrossRef
• Ventilatory Gas Analysis during Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
  Sora Baek
  Annals of CardioPulmonary Rehabilitation.2023; 3(2): 47.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of Current Resources Available for Community-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea: A Nationwide Survey Study
  Chul Kim, Jidong Sung, Jae-Young Han, Sungju Jee, Jang Woo Lee, Jong Hwa Lee, Won-Seok Kim, Heui Je Bang, Sora Baek, Kyung Lim Joa, Ae Ryoung Kim, So Young Lee, Jihee Kim, Chung Reen Kim, Oh Pum Kwon
  Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Comparison of Barrier Factors between Hospitals with and without Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs in Korea: A Nation-Wide Survey Research
  Chul Kim, Jidong Sung, Jae-Young Han, Sungju Jee, Jang Woo Lee, Jong Hwa Lee, Won-Seok Kim, Heui Je Bang, Sora Baek, Kyung-Lim Joa, Ae Ryoung Kim, So Young Lee, Jihee Kim, Chung Reen Kim, Oh Pum Kwon
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(9): 2560.     CrossRef
• Long-term Management of Patients with Myocardial Infarction: An Updated Review
  Runzhen Chen, Hanjun Zhao, Hongbing Yan
  Cardiology Discovery.2022; 2(4): 241.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of the efficacy of Tian dan shu gan rehabilitation exercise in improving the short-term quality of life of patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention
  Jia-Yan Qu, Jing-Bo Lu, Yong-Hong Shen, Rong Yao, Cai-Ping Meng, Li-Yuan Rong
  Frontiers of Nursing.2022; 9(4): 389.     CrossRef
• Clinical Practice Guideline for Postoperative Rehabilitation in Older Patients With Hip Fractures
  Kyunghoon Min, Jaewon Beom, Bo Ryun Kim, Sang Yoon Lee, Goo Joo Lee, Jung Hwan Lee, Seung Yeol Lee, Sun Jae Won, Sangwoo Ahn, Heui Je Bang, Yonghan Cha, Min Cheol Chang, Jung-Yeon Choi, Jong Geol Do, Kyung Hee Do, Jae-Young Han, Il-Young Jang, Youri Jin,
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2021; 45(3): 225.     CrossRef
• Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease
  Yun-Chol Jang, Jae-Young Han
  Annals of CardioPulmonary Rehabilitation.2021; 1(1): 42.     CrossRef
• Current Status of Cardiac Rehabilitation in the Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Centers in Korea
  Chul Kim, Jidong Sung, Jae-Young Han, Sungju Jee, Jang Woo Lee, Jong Hwa Lee, Won-Seok Kim, Heui Je Bang, Sora Baek, Kyung-Lim Joa, Ae Ryoung Kim, So Young Lee, Jihee Kim, Chung Reen Kim, Oh Pum Kwon
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(21): 5079.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with heart failure: a cross-sectional study
  Guangpeng Wang, Qingmin Yang
  Collegian.2020; 27(5): 512.     CrossRef
• Validation of FRIEND and ACSM Equations for Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Comparison to Direct Measurement in CAD Patients
  Won Young Jang, Dong Oh Kang, Yoonjee Park, Jieun Lee, Woohyeun Kim, Jah Yeon Choi, Seung-Young Roh, Yuna Jang, Se-Hyun Park, Woo-Sub Kim, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Seung-Woon Rha, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Eung Ju Kim
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(6): 1889.     CrossRef
• Underutilization of Hospital-based Cardiac Rehabilitation after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korea
  Sun-Hyung Kim, Jun-soo Ro, Yoon Kim, Ja-Ho Leigh, Won-Seok Kim
  Journal of Korean Medical Science.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Community-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Conducted in a Public Health Center in South Korea: A Preliminary Study
  Sora Baek, Yuncheol Ha, Jaemin Mok, Hee-won Park, Hyo-Rim Son, Mi-Suk Jin
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2020; 44(6): 481.     CrossRef
• Cardiac rehabilitation and 5-year mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Report from 11 tertiary hospitals in Korea (ETHIK Study)
  Chul KIM, Insun CHOI, Songhee CHO, Jae-Young HAN, Ae-Ryoung KIM, Won-Seok KIM, Sungju JEE, Jong H. LEE, Min C. JOO, Heui J. BANG, Kyung-Lim JOA, Eun Y. HAN, Sora BAEK, Jung-Im SHIM, Jin A. CHOI
  European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef

Citations

• The Age Factor in Cardiac Rehabilitation
  Vitriana Biben, Deta Tanuwidjaja, Arief Zamir, Sitti Ayu Hemas Nurarifah
  Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation.2024; 40(3): 209.     CrossRef
• Acute and chronic effects of high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on heart rate and its variability after recent myocardial infarction: A randomized controlled trial
  P. Eser, E. Jaeger, T. Marcin, D. Herzig, L.D. Trachsel, M. Wilhelm
  Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2022; 65(1): 101444.     CrossRef
• Influence of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α of Endothelial Progenitor Cells on Left Ventricular Function in Experimental Myocardial Infarction
  Zhitang Chang, Guotai Sheng, Yizhong Zhou, Zhiyong Wu, Guobo Xie, Xuehong Zhang, Dan Wei
  Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering.2022; 12(4): 731.     CrossRef
• Rehabilitación cardíaca fase 2 post infarto agudo al miocardio.
  Kirby Gutiérrez Arce, Jessy Estefanía Funez Estrada, Cristian Yovany Rojas Aboyte, Perla Lizeth Hernández Cortés Hernández Cortés, María Cristina Enríquez Reyna
  Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio FOD.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparison of phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation outcomes between patients after transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement
  Hafiz M Imran, Muhammad Baig, Marjan Mujib, Charles Beale, Arlene Gaw, Loren Stabile, Nishant R Shah, Paul C Gordon, Wen-Chih Wu
  European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.2018; 25(15): 1577.     CrossRef