With the review of clinical charts and EMG records of 57 cases diagnosed as Chronic renal failure in Seoul National University Hospital.

We concluded as follow:

1) The sex distribution was predominently in male affection (75.4%) and the mean age was 32 years, ranging 17 to 71 Years

2) The mean duration after diagnosis of chronic renal failure was 11 months, ranging from 1 month to 78 months

3) Among 57 patients, 34 patients were treated by hemodialysis and mean duration of dialysis was 10.1 months

4) Among the chief complaints, paresthesia and muscle cramp were the most common complaints

5) Comparing nerve conduction study and scalp recorded Somatosensory evoked potential study, the latter was more sensitive method to detect subclinical uremic neuropathy

The objective of this study was to standardize the electrodiagnostic technique, thereby increasing the clinical significance of nerve conduction and somatosensory evoked potential studies in saphenous and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves.

Forty seven healthy adults were studied.

The mean values of the conduction study for saphenous nerve were 2.63±0.21 msec for distal latency, 12.56±2.53㎶ in amplitude, and 1.43±0.16 msec in duration; and all those showing no significant difference in both side and sex, and are not significant correlation with age and skin temperature.

The mean values of the conduction study for lateral femoral cutaneous nerve were 3.03±0.23 msec for distal latency, 7.59±1.75㎶ in amplitude, and 1.37±0.19 msec in duration. All showed no significant difference between both side and no significant correlation with age or height. The only significant difference between the sexes was in amplitude.

The mean value of the P40 latency of somatosensory evoked potential study was 37.32±2.09 msec for the saphenous nerve stimulation and 32.45±1.33 msec for the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve stimulation.

Those all P40 latencies were not significant difference in both side, but were significant correlation with age and height.

Several techniques of nerve block have been used to relieve spasticity which is the disabled problem of many patients who had upper motor neuron lesion. It has been reported that the stretch reflex can be reduced selectively with little, if any, loss of voluntary motor power after phenol block.

Although spasticity is reduced by injections of dilute phenol into peripheral nerve, the mechanism for such an effect remain in doubt. Some authors have suggested the selective block of small diameter nerve fiber, but other have contradiction such findings.

The purpose of this study is to disclose the mechanism of action and pattern of regeneration after phenol injection through experiments involving the electron microscope. Sciatic nerves in rats were examined at various intervals after intraneural injection with 5% phenol solution.

The results were as follows:

1) The overall consequence of phenol injection into the nerves was Wallerian degeneration. The greatest degree of destruction was present at 2 weeks following injection. After 8 weeks, almost nerve fibers appeared to be regenerated. At 16 weeks, the phenol injected nerves looked almost completely normal except increase in endoneurial collagen and fibroblast.

2) The action of phenol on peripheral nerves was not selective; fibers of all sizes were affected, but it took larger for longer axones to degenerate and regenerate than small axons.

The retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effect of conservative treatment in 235 patients (Male:102, Female: 133), aging form 14 to 79, with low back pain.

The effect of conservative treatment was analyzed with use of pain behavior scale, pain self-assessment scale, and functional scale by American Rheumatism Association in according to diagnostic category, cause, and occupation.

The results were as follows:

1) The diagnoses were muscle strain (83 cases, 35.3%), herniated nucleus pulposus (59 cases, 25.1%), postural factor (58cases, 24.7%), spondylosis (20cases, 8.5%), spondylolysis and/or spondylolisthesis (15cases, 6.4%).

2) The causes were abnormal posture (87cases, 37.0%), trauma (43cases, 18.3%), unknown (38cases, 16.2%), heavy lifting (31cases, 13.2%), degenerative change (29cases, 12.3%), and psychologic factor (7cases, 3.0%).

3) The occupations were desking job (86cases, 36.6%), house wife (83cases, 35.3%), standing job (27cases, 11.5%), and labor (19cases, 8.1%).

4) X-ray findings showed straightening in 81.9% of strain, space narrowing in 88.1% of herniated nucleus pulposus, increase L-S angle in 100% of postural factor, and anterior displacement of line of thrust in 67% of postural factor.

5) Electrodiagnostic study was done in 60 cases, showed positive finding in 97.7% and computerized tomography was done in 42 cases, showed positive finding in 89.7% and myelogram was done in 38 cases, showed positive finding in 89.7%.

6) The treatment duration was 14.5 days in postural factor, 29.5 days in herniated nucleus pulposus, and 23.6 days in average.

7) The pain due to abnormal posture (87 cases, 37.0%), classified by cause, was reduced from 1.53 to 2.82 in pain behavior scale, 10 to 4.64 in pain self-assessment scale, and to 1.99 in functional scale.

8) The pain in desking job (86 cases, 36.6%), classified by occupation, was reduced from 1.50 to 2.85 in pain behavior scale, 10 to 4.47 in pain self-assessment scale, and to 2.03 in functional scale.

9) The pain due to strain (83 cases, 35.3%), classified by diagnostic category, was reduced from 0.64 to 2.72 in pain behavior scale, 10 to 4.88 in pain self-assessment scale, and to 1.97 in functional scale.

10) The pain due to herniated nucleus pulposus (59 cases, 25.1%), classified by diagnostic category, was reduced from 1.29 to 2.54 in pain behavior scale, 10 to 5.64 in pain self-assessment scale, and to 2.37 in functional scale.

11) Totally, the pain was reduced from 1.52 to 2.75 in pain behavior scale, 10 to 4.88 in pain self-assessment scale, and to 2.10 in functional scale.

The intra-observer, diurnal and week-to-week variations in grip and pinch strength was studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The changes in grip and pinch strength in duration of the illness and medications was observed and the correlation between grip and pinch strength was studied, as following:

A high correlation was seen between grip and pinch strength. In the intra-observer errors studies, the highest grip and pinch strength scores occured in the 3rd test, but no statistically significant change was recorded among 1st, 2nd, 3rd. In week-to-week variations, a statistically significant change was recorded.

In the diurnal variations, some data were statistically significant, but others were not statistically significant. In clinical trials, measurement of grip and pinch strength should not only be performed by one observer for each patient but measurements should be made at the same time of day because of its diurnal variation.

The home treatment has been known too important in the management of cerebral palsied children. But the practical use of home treatment had many problems. The purpose of our studies was find these problems and then to establish reasonable treatment plans for solving them. Since February 1983 to July 1989, this study was performed in 81 cerebral palsied children who visited and treated at Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center.

The results as followed:

1) If parents with cerebral palsied children did not connect with the rehabilitation facility, due to many reasons, most of them did not continue home treatment.

2) Most of parents in cerebral palsied children felt technical insufficiencies to treat their children.

3) The major reasons of home treatment discontinuity: Patient's did not control their emotion properly and also did not have enough understand its importance.

The Heterotopic Ossification is a biologic process in which new bone formed in tissues where it is not found normally, and it is a complication in 16% to 53% of Spinal Cord Injury(SCI) patients. The prophylaxis of H.O. for all SCI patients is phamacologic medication such as disordium etdronate, indometacin, acetylsalycilic acid, and exyphenbutazon, Radiotheraphy & ROM Ex.

The Charts of 75 randomly selected SCI patients, followed up above 1yr ago, were reviewed retrospectively to learn if criteria. Which would predict high risk patients could be identified.

A Total of 10 variables (Age, Sex, Completeness of lesion, level of lesion, cause of injury, muscle tonicity (spasticity or flaccid), pressure sore, UTI, S-ALP, site of H.O) were studied, Four of the 10 variables (Age, Completeness of lesion, presence of pressure sore & spasticity) were significantly related to H.O formation.

The risk factors appear to be additive. When the risk factor were present above 3 factors, 92% of patients were found to have all H.O.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the objectivity of pendulum test for quantitative measurement of spasticity performed with the Cybex Ⅱ⁺ isokinetic Dynamometer. The spasticity was assessed in the knee extensors in twenty normal subjects and fifteen spastic hemiplegic patients. Four parameters were extracted from goniogram:

1) Relaxation index in supine position was 1.36±0.06 in normal, 1.15±0.08 in spastic side, 1.36±0.09 in unaffected side and in sitting position, 1.32±0.06 in normal, 1.23±0.06 in spastic side, 1.32±0.09 in unaffected side. The values in spastic side were significantly lower compared with those of normal and unaffected side. And the five sequential tests with repeated trials proved that the between-trial variances were not significant.

2) Amplitude ratio in supine position was 1.87±0.20 in normal, 1.45±0.18 in spastic side, 1.89±0.30 in unaffected side and in sitting position 1.79±0.24 in normal, 1.55±0.17 in spastic side, 1.75±0.24 in unaffected side. The ratio showed significant decrease in spastic side, however demonstrated that the range of distribution was more widening than relaxation index.

3) The number of swing and swing time were not different statistically between normal subjects and spastic patients.

It can be proposed that the pendulum test using a Cybex Ⅱ⁺ Dynamometer is a objective and clinically applicable method for evaluating spasticity with relaxation index and amplitude ratio, furthermore the relaxation index in supine position is the more effective parameter for quantitative measurement of the spasticity.

The relationship of cutaneous temperature and median sensory and motor conduction was studied in 24 normal subjects after cooling and then warmed over physiological temperature ranges.

The cutaneous temperature along distal median nerve (forearm, wrist and finger) showed significant correlations with nerve conduction measurements.

The compund sensory nerve action potential (CSNAP) of median nerve was altered -0.14 msec/℃ in distal latency. -0.9㎶/℃ in amplitude, -0.06 msec/℃ in duration and 1.83 msec/℃ in conduction velocity. The compound muscle action potential(CMAP) was changed, -0.19 msec/℃ in distal latency, -0.13 mV/℃ in amplitude, 0.30 msec/℃ in duration and 0.76/sec/℃ in conduction velocity.

Our studies suggest that temperature corrected nerve conduction velocities should be calculated routinely during clinical NCV examinations especially sensory nerve conduction distal to the wrist area.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate normal values and age effect on the Middle Latency Response, and to evaluate the prognostic value of brain-stem auditory evoked potentials and Middle Latency Response in brain injured patients.

The subjects of this study were sixty-three adult volunteers and thirty brain injured patients who were admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, and managed with a comprehensive rehabilitative treatment between March 1, 1988 and Jan. 1, 1989.

The main results are as follows:

1) In the Middle Latency Response, the mean latencies of wave Na and Pa were 21.7±2.50 msec and 32.5±2.14 msec, respectively; and the mean amplitude of Na-Pa was 1.03±0.383㎶.

2) Although no significant effect of sex and site was noted, the mean latencies of wave Na and Pa became significantly prolonged and the mean amplitude of Na-Pa larger with increments of age(p<0.05).

3) Among the 30 brain injured patients, there were 21 males and 9 females. The mean age was 48.3 years.

4) All of the brain injured patients showed normal brain-stem auditory evoked potentials.

5) At discharge, the brain injured patients who showed normal Middle Latency Response at admission had achieved significantly greater improvement in their functinal status compared with those who showed abnormal Middle Latency Response (p<0.01).

According to the above results, the Middle Latency Respense study in the early stage of rehabilitation is helpful in predicting the prognosis of brain injured patients.

With review of clinical chart and EMG record of 358 cases diagnosed as brachial plexus lesion in Seoul National University Hospital. We concluded as follow:

1) The sex distribution was predominently in male affection as 290 cases compared with 68 cases of female.

2) The age distribution was predominently third decades in male patient and first decade in female patient.

3) The cause of injury was traffic accident in 155 cases(43.3%), birth injury in 48 cases(13.4%), direct trauma in 46 cases(12.8%), operation complication in 24 cases(6.7%), falls in 22 cases(6.1%), idiopathic in 20 cases(5.6%), tumor in 9 cases(2.5%), others in 27 cases(7.5%).

4) The lesion site was root level in 173 cases, trunk level in 68 cases, division level in 3 cases, cord level in 30 cases, branch level in 25 cases, others in 59 cases.

5) Among 173 cases of root lesion, we compared the electrodiagnostic method with operation findings or radiologic findings such as myelograpy and computed axial tomography, and there was discrepancy between the two method in 11 cases among 39 cases comparison.

6) We grouped the cause of discrepancy into four categories. First group was overstimation of sensory nerve conduction study in 1 case. Second group was technical problem of needling of deep seated muscle in 1 case. Third group was double injury of preganglionic and postaganglionic root at the same root level in 3 cases. Forth group was complex injury of preganglionic and postganglionic root at different root or nerve level 6 cases.

Electrodiagnostic study of sympathetic skin response (SSR) was performed on 40 normal subjects who had no history of sympathetic dysfunction.

The major results were as follows:

1) Stimulating the left median nerve at the wrist, the latencies of the SSR recorded at both palms and soles were: 1.37±0.18 sec (Rt. palm), 1.26±0.15 sec (Lt. palm), 1.66±0.20 sec (Rt. sole), and 1.69±0.18 sec (Lt. sole), respectively.

2) Stimulating the right tibial nerve at the ankle, the latencies of the SSR recorded at both palms and soles were: 1.66±0.22 sec (Rt. palm), 1.62±0.30 sec (Lt. palm), 1.48±0.26 sec (Rt. sole), and 1.62±0.26 sec (Lt. sole), respectively.

3) The Amplitudes of the SSR recorded at the palm were greater than those recorded at the sole regardless of the site of stimulation.

4) The conduction velocity of the postganglionic sympathetic nerve in upper extremity (1.42±0.25 m/sec) was faster than in lower extremity (1.06±0.25 m/sec).

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of 10 ADLs.

This paper described the content sampling and measurement dimension of the 10 ADLs, and reported the interrater & interobserver reliability estimates for indivisual tasks and summary indexes of the 10 ADLs.

Reliability and validity are evaluated with the Pearson's correlation coefficients.

The results obtained are as follows:

1) Test-retest reliability values range from 0.88 to 0.99.

2) Interobserver reliability values range4 from 0.80 to 0.90.

3) Validity value is 0.82.

Rehabilitation of hemiplegic upper extremity shows multiple problems. In these complications, peripheral neuropathy is one of the important complications that influence prognosis of hemiplegic upper extremity function.

The subjects of this study were 27 cases with stroke who were admitted to Kyung Hee Medical Center & received electrodiagnostic examination from March 1, 1989 to September 30, 1989.

The result is as follows:

1) In 27 examined stroke patients, 15 cases (55.6%) have peripheral neuropathies, and average duration from onset to electrodiagnostic study was 7±8.58 months in normal group, & 9.67±18.48 months in group combined with periphesal neuropathy.

Then, th incidence of periphesal neuropathy is poorly correlated with duration from onset to electrodiagnostic study(p>1).

2) According to Mental state at onset, 25% in alert cases, 66.7% in drowsy cases, 60% in stuporous cases & 100% in semicoma cases showed peripheral neuropathies.

3) According to motor power in hemiplegic upper extremity, 68.8% in zero group & 50% in trace group showed peripheral ueuropathies, but 3 cases in poor group were normal.

4) According to degree of spasticity at study, peripheral neuropathies were showed in 70% in zero group, 100% in Trace group, 41.7% in One Positive group & 33.3% in Two Positive group.

5) The 6 cases without subluxation of hemiplegic shoulder showed all normal, and 8 Cases with subluxation more than 1 finger showed peripheral neuropathies in all cases.

Isokinetic muscle test, electromyographic Turn/Amplitude analysis and Isometric contraction power at maximum contraction were measured in 84 biceps brachii muscles of 42 normal adult subjects. The arm circumference and weight of subjects were measured also. And the interrelationship among several parameters has been studied by Pearson correlation analysis. The purpose of this study were intended to know the relationship between isokinetic measurement and electromyographic method in muscle power measurement and to know the significance of turn/Amplitude analysis in muscle power measurement. The results were as follows;

1) The faster the angle velocity of isokinetic test, the smaller the peak torque in elbow flexor. The difference between peak torque at each side was not significant at low speed test but significant at speed test. The differences of peak-torque accelerating energy and average power were not significant at each side.

2) The peak torque was at 66.9 degree elbow flexion in low speed test and at 64.4 degree in fast speed test.

3) The difference of Turn/sec and Mean amplitude/Turn were not significant at each sex and each side. But the difference of Mean amplitude (Amp/Turn) was significant at each sex and each side.

4) The difference of isometric contraction power was significant at each sex and each side.

5) The relationship between the parameters of isokinetic test and isometric contraction power was correlated significantly. And the relationship between the parameters of isokinetics and Mean amplitude (Amp/Turn) of EMG method was correlated statistically but not so significantly. But the relationship between the isokinetics and Turn/sec of EMG method was not correlated.

6) The relationship between Mean amplitude (Amp/Turn) of EMG and Isometric contraction power was correlated statisfically but not so significantly. But the relationship between Turn/sec of EMG and Isometric contraction power was not correlated.

7) These results showed that the relationships between the Turn/Amplitude analysis of EMG method and Isokinetic or Isometric method were correlated (but low significance) at maximum contraction effort. But in the pathologic conditions, the Turn/Amplitude analysis will be more meaningful in measurement of muscle power.

The purpose of this study is to standardize short latencies of dermatomal SEP stimulating T₄, T₇, T₁₀, T₁₂, L₁, L₂ and L₃ sensory dermatomes and to demonstrate the effect of height and sex difference in short latencies of dermatomal SEP.

The subjects in this study were 30 normal volunteers between 20 to 39 years of age. The mean short latencies(P1) stimulating T₄, T₇, T₁₀, T₁₂, L₁, L₂ and L₃ dermatomes were 23.1±1.81 msec, 25.0±2.04 msec, 27.6±2.19 msec, 30.4±2.45 msec, 29.6±2.50 msec, 32.3±2.81 msec, 33.7±2.53 msec, respectively.

The short latencies stimulating T₁₀, L₂ and L₃ dermatomes were significantly prolonged in male than female (T₁₀, L₃: p<0.05, L₂: p<0.005). The short latencies stimulating T₁₀, L₁, L₂ and L₃ dermatomes were correlated with height (p<0.05), but there were no significant difference in short latencies between right and left side.

We studied 18 patients with low back pain with segmental spinal and cortical evoked potentials recorded over both spine and scalp following saphenous, superficial peroneal, and sural nerve stimulation.

The spinal evoked potential findings were compared to CT, myeloram, physical findings, and EMG and the sensitivity and specificity were measured between them.

The results were summarized as follow:

1) The number of patients with abnormal finding were 10(55%) in spinal SEP, 9(50%) in cortical SEP, 8(47%) in CT and myelogram, 7(38%) in EMG, respectively.

2) The sensitivity and specificity of spinal SEP findings to the CT and myelogram were 75%, 55%, respectively and these findings were higher than that of the cortical SEP.

3) With 2 exception, all patients with abnormal spinal SEP findings were matched with physical finding, CT and myelogram on the level of dermatomal abnormality.

4) The 6 patients with abnormal spinal SEP finding with normal EMG finding were matched with physical finding, CT and myelogram on the level of dermatomal abnormality.

We surveyed the relationship between the compound muscle action potentials and forces in upper extremity. The motor nerve conduction velocities, pinch power and integrated EMG values were obtained. Correlation analysis was done between the values measured.

The results were as follows:

1) Near linear correlation exists between grip strength and IEMG of ADQ in gripping

2) High correlation exists between tip pinch power and IEMG of APB in pinching

3) Significant correlation exists between grip strength and CMAP area of ulnar nerve

4) No definite correlation exists between valiables of NCS and IEMG in normal subjects

Dorsal cutaneous ulnar nerve conduction should be useful in identifying distal ulnar lesion, especially those within the forearm or wrist.

The purpose of this paper was to estabilish conduction technique and determine normal values of the dorsal cutaneous ulnar nerve conduction in Korean.

Fifty five normal adults (30 males, 27 females), mean age 34.8 years-old (from 15 to 60), were examed. Surface recording electrode was placed at the dorsum of the base of the 5th metacarpal bone. The nerve is stimulated at each 8cm, 10cm, 12cm, 14cm above the recording electrode between the flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar.

The result as follow:

1) The mean values of distal latency were 1.76±0.13 msec in 8cm, 2.06±0.15 msec in 10cm, 2.42±0.16 msec in 12cm, 2.73±0.14 msec in 14cm above the recording electrode.

2) The difference of distal latencies between right and left side was less than 0.26 msec normally (95% confidence interval).

3) The mean values of amplitudes were 41.90±0.10㎶ in 8cm, 39.53±8.27㎶ in 10cm, 34.97±8.17㎶ in 12cm, 30.53±7.46㎶ in 14cm above the recording electrode.

4) The longer in stimulating distances, the more decreased in amplitude, prominently in 12cm above the recording electrode with statistical significance. So, the most useful electrical stimulation is to do at 8cm and 10cm above the recording electrode on dorsal cutaneous ulnar nerve conduction in Korean.

Peripheral neuropathy is common in those consuming large quantities of alcohol over a period of several years.

It has been possible to demonstrate the impaired function of peripheral motor and sensory fibers in alcoholic patients using electrodiagnostic methods whether there is any clinical manifestation of peripheral neuropathy or not.

The subjects of this study were 30 normal adult males as the control group, and 24 chronic alcoholic patients who were admitted to Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine and referred to the electrodiagnostic laboratory for nerve conduction study from March 1988 to August 1989, as the patient group.

The results are as follows:

1) The mean patient age is 47 years and the mean duration of alcoholism is 19 years.

2) In the patient group, the mean distal latency of motor fibers is prolonged and the mean conduction velocity is decreased significantly compared to those of the controls.

3) The mean distal latency of sensory fibers in patients is significantly prolonged compared to that of controls.

4) The mean amplitude of sensory nerve action potential in patients is significantly lower than that of the controls.

5) There is no significance in patient nerve conduction study values according to duration of alcoholism or patient age.

Brainstem auditory evoked potential was done in 28 normal persons and 23 chronic head injury and CVA patients with rarefaction click sound stimulation at 50,70,90dB intensities. Degree of BAEP distortion, V wave absolute, V-I interpeak latencies were correlated with Disability Rating Scale scores. And followings are the results.

1) There was no significant difference between normal and patient groups in absolute and interpeak latencies. 2) In normal group, the absolute latencies of Ⅲ, V waves and V-I interpeak latencies were faster in female, in younger age and at higher stimulation intensity. 3) There was no significant differences between DRS scores and BAEP latencies. 4) BAEP wave distortions measured by Anderson Scale were more colsely related with stimulation intensities rather than DRS scores.

Peripheral nerve lesions are common in leprosy. This may very from the involvement of intradermal nerves in a cutaneous patch to a major lesion in the nerve trunk.

This study was for evaluating the tendency of injured peripheral nerves in leprosy.

The data was gathered from 23 leprosy patient: 18 men and 5 women.

The results were as follows:

1) There was no correlation between the Age and the Nerve damages.

2) No correlation was found between the disease duration and Nerve damages.

3) The duration of medication treatment was significantly related with the nerve damages.

4) The factor analysis reveals some pattern of Nerve damages: Factor 1, median and ulnar nerve related variables, explains 44.4% of total variance: Factor 2, peroneal and tibial nerve related variables, explains 16.2% of total variance; Factor 3, radial sensory nerve related variables, explains 9.5% of total variance.

5) 5 cases (25%) suffer from ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerve injuries coincidently. Almost all (95%) of the patients undergo ulnar nerve injury.

H-reflex is a kind of late response which can be used in the proximal nerve conduction study, especially in the diagnosis of S1 radiculopathy of the lower extremity. H-reflex is also noted in the flexor carpi radialis muscle of the upper extremity and can be used in the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy. But the flexor carpi radialis H-reflex (FCR H-R) is not commonly studied yet. The FCR H-R study was performed in 40 normal individuals (80 nerves) and the 8 patients with C6 or 7 radiculopathy to establish the normal values and evaluate the significance of the FCR H-R study in cervical root lestion.

The result are as follow:

1) The mean value of the FCR H-R latency was 14.72±1.11msec. There was no significant differences between Rt. and Lt. side.

2) The side-to-side difference greater than 0.72msec was observed as abnormal value in FCR H-R latency.

3) The mean value of interlatency time (ILT) was 12.78±1.03msec. There was no significant differences between Rt. and Lt. side.

4) The side-to-side difference greater than 0.65msec was observed as abnormal value in ILT.

5) There is a significant correlation between FCR H-R latency and arm length.

6) A study of FCR H-R in 8 patients with C6 or 7 radiculopathy revealed prolonged latency in 2 patients, decreased amplitude in 2 patients, absent H-R in 1 patient.

Common peroneal nerve palsy is one of the most frequently encountered nerve injuries. The reason for this is the superficial portion of the nerve as it curves around the head of the fibula where it is subject to direct trauma, pressure, or other injuries.

In acute stage, when clinical paralysis appears to be complete, electrophysiologic studies are useful guide to prognosis. In many of incomplete clinical recovery, the degree of recovery is dependent on rather EMG findings and motor nerve conduction velocities than clinical findings.

A retrospective analysis of clinical and electrophysiological findings of the 19 cases of common peroneal nerve palsy with follow up seen from January 1987 to August 1989 in the department of Rehabilitation Medicine at Chungnam National University Hospital was carried out.

The results of these studies were as follows:

1) Among the common peroneal nerve injuries, ones accompanied by trauma, especially fracture showed relatively poor clinical recovery and ones with compression or spontaneous onset showed better recovery.

2) The clinical recovery was relatively poor when the nerve conduction velocity distal to the fibular head was delayed or when the compound muscle action potential was not abtained over extensor digitorum brevis in the initial motor conduction studies.

3) The clinical recovery was relatively better when the initial sensory conduction studies showed normal sensory distal latency. While the recovery was worse when the sensory nerve action potential was absent or the amplitude was smaller than 50% of that of the non-paralyzed contralateral side.

Some parameters of amplitude, duration, area, conduction velocity, etc, has been used in nerve conduction studies to evaluate nerve functions.

Analysis of the parameters, amplitude, duration and area, of muscle action potentials(MAPS) was done in healthy sixteen men and four women and used median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves of dominant side.

The amplitudes and areas of MAPS by stimulation at distal were increased, but the durations were decreased campared with those of proximal stimulation. But the differences between distal and proximal stimulation were not significant statistically. The duration was a parameter having most narrow variation among individuals.

And there is a highly significant correlationship(p<0.05) between amplitude and area in the 4 nerves, statistically.

The purpose of this follow-up study was to evaluate the status of ambulation and usage braces for the spinal cord injury paraplegics at their home after discharge from hospital where they had received comprehensive rehabilitation including gait training. As well as the authors tried to find out the problems and their solutions according to the discontinuation of walking using braces in home.

The subjects of this study were 35 cases of spinal cord injured parplegics who were discharged from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Presbyterian Medical Center during the period January 1, 1976 to June 31, 1989. The results are as follows:

1) Twenty-six cases were male and 9 cases were female among the 35 cases: Twenty-two cases (62.8%) were in their third and fourth decades.

2) There were 22 cases of complete injury and 13 cases of incomplete injury.

3) Two cases were upper thoracic, 23 cases were thoracolumbar and 3 cases were lumbar cord injury patients.

4) Four of lower thoracic paraplegics and 13 of thoracolumbar paraplegics used bilateral standard long leg braces for standing or walking.

5) At discharge, there were 9 cases (25.7%) of non-ambulators, 6 cases (17.1%) of community ambulators, 5 cases (14.3%) of indoor functional ambulators and 12 cases (34.3%) of therapeutic ambulators. Three cases used their braces for standing only.

6) At follow-up, there were 17 cases (48.6%) of non-ambulators, 8 cases (22.8%) of community ambulators, 3 cases (8.6%) of indoor functional ambulators and 6 cases (17.1%) of therapeutic ambulators.

7) At follow-up, among 20 cases who had received gait training at hospital 9 cases (45%) discontinued walking with braces at home. The causes of discontinuation were architectual barrier in 5 cases, preference of wheelchair in 5 cases, lack of helpers in 3 cases, physical complications in 2 cases and lack of motivation in 1 case.

Psoriatic arthritis is defined as psoriasis combined with arthritis. This disease differs from rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of the pattern of arthritis involvement, rheumatoid factor negativity, and roentgenographic feature. Psoriatic arthritis is classified as a seronegative spondyloarthropathy because this disease have sacroilitis and spondylitis or Reiter's syndrom.

This is a case report of psoriatic arthritis which is the spondyloarthropathy combined with pustular psoriatic lesion.