Objective
To compare the efficacy of home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) and center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) in cardiovascular risk factor management.
Methods
We performed retrospective review of the electronic medical records of 72 patients who were hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome and participated in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program for the first time. The participants were stratified into the HBCR group, receiving educational programs and performing self-exercise at home, and the CBCR group, participating in electrocardiogram monitoring monitoring exercise training in hospital settings. The results of the Lifestyle Questionnaire survey were investigated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.
Results
Both groups showed significant improvements in serum low-density lipoprotein levels, frequency of alcohol consumption, eating habits and psychological status. Moderate-intensity exercise duration and the maximal metabolic equivalents values improved significantly in both groups but slightly more in the CBCR group. However, the number of current smokers increased in both groups, and no significant changes were found in body mass index, serum glycated hemoglobin levels, serum high-density lipoprotein levels, or high-intensity exercise duration.
Conclusion
Regardless of the CR program type, a patient’s lifestyle can be modified. Therefore, patients should continue participating in any type of CR program.

Citations

• Actualización en rehabilitación cardiaca en el paciente crítico cardiovascular: una revisión de tema
  Juan Santiago Serna-Trejos, Carlos Andrés Castro-Galvis, Stefanya Geraldine Bermúdez-Moyano, Laura Catalina Rodríguez-Fonseca, Álvaro Andrés Montenegro-Apraez, Jorge Fernando Miño-Bernal, Lina María Salazar-Rodríguez, Valentina Bravo-Echeverry
  Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The cytoplasmic sensor, the AIM2 inflammasome: A precise therapeutic target in vascular and metabolic diseases
  Jiuguo Lin, Jiaojiao Wang, Jian Fang, Meihang Li, Suowen Xu, Peter J. Little, Dongmei Zhang, Zhiping Liu
  British Journal of Pharmacology.2024; 181(12): 1695.     CrossRef
• Cardiac rehabilitation centers in Romania: Where are we now?
  Mihaela Mandu, Gabriel Olteanu, Andreea Elena Lăcraru, Gelu Onose, Narcisa Lazăr, Liviu Șerbănoiu, Maria-Alexandra Ciucă-Pană, Ioana Andone, Aura Spinu, Andreea Ancuta Vataman, Gabriela Dogaru, Ștefan Busnatu
  Balneo and PRM Research Journal.2024; 15(Vol.15, no): 707.     CrossRef
• Optimizing Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure: Comprehensive Insights, Barriers, and Future Strategies
  Francisco Epelde
  Medicina.2024; 60(10): 1583.     CrossRef

Objective
To assess the accuracy of recently commercialized wearable devices in heart rate (HR) measurement during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) under gradual increase in exercise intensity, while wearable devices with HR monitors are reported to be less accurate in different exercise intensities.
Methods
CPX was performed for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Twelve lead electrocardiograph (ECG) was the gold standard and Apple watch 7 (AW7), Galaxy watch 4 (GW4) and Bio Patch Mobicare 200 (MC200) were applied for comparison. Paired absolute difference (PAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were evaluated for each device.
Results
Forty-four participants with CAD were included. All the devices showed MAPE under 2% and ICC above 0.9 in rest, exercise and recovery phases (MC200=0.999, GW4=0.997, AW7=0.998). When comparing exercise and recovery phase, PAD of MC200 and AW7 in recovery phase were significantly bigger than PAD of exercise phase (p<0.05). Although not significant, PAD of GW4 tended to be bigger in recovery phase, too. Also, when stratified by HR 20, ICC of all the devices were highest under HR of 100, and ICC decreased as HR increased. However, except for ICC of GW4 at HR above 160 (=0.867), all ICCs exceeded 0.9 indicating excellent accuracy.
Conclusion
The HR measurement of the devices validated in this study shows a high concordance with the ECG device, so CAD patients may benefit from the devices during high-intensity exercise under conditions where HR is measured reliably.

Citations

• Prognostic Factors for Responders of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation—Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
  Chul Kim, Hee-Eun Choi, Chin Kook Rhee, Jae Ha Lee, Ju Hyun Oh, Jun Hyeong Song
  Healthcare.2025; 13(3): 308.     CrossRef
• Wearable Devices for Exercise Prescription and Physical Activity Monitoring in Patients with Various Cardiovascular Conditions
  Tasuku Terada, Matheus Hausen, Kimberley L. Way, Carley D. O’Neill, Isabela Roque Marçal, Paul Dorian, Jennifer L. Reed
  CJC Open.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Apple watch accuracy in monitoring health metrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Ju-Pil Choe, Minsoo Kang
  Physiological Measurement.2025; 46(4): 04TR01.     CrossRef
• Assessment of Samsung Galaxy Watch4 PPG-Based Heart Rate During Light-to-Vigorous Physical Activities
  Caíque Santos Lima, Felipe Capiteli Bertocco, José Igor Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Thiago Mattos Frota de Souza, Emely Pujólli da Silva, Fernando J. Von Zuben
  IEEE Sensors Letters.2024; 8(7): 1.     CrossRef
• The Accessibility and Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Pandemic Era
  Chul Kim, Jun Hyeong Song, Seung Hyoun Kim
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(4): 249.     CrossRef
• The eTRIMP method for bodybuilding training load assessment: A review with a case study
  Fernandes Haniel
  Annals of Musculoskeletal Medicine.2023; 7(2): 016.     CrossRef
• Recommendations for Measurement of Bodybuilding Internal Training Load by eTRIMP Method
  Fernandes Haniel
  Journal of Sports Medicine and Therapy.2023; 8(4): 051.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of the Harris imprint index (HII), Chippaux-Smirak index (CSI), and Staheli index (SI) compared with the talar-first metatarsal angle.
Methods
Data was collected at the orthotic and prosthetic clinic, Thammasat University Hospital from January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2020. The three footprints were measured by the rehabilitation physician and the orthotist. The talar-first metatarsal angle was measured by the foot and ankle orthopaedist.
Results
The data from 198 patients with 274 feet was analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of the footprint triad showed that CSI was the most accurate in pes planus prediction, followed by HII and SI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC]=0.73, 0.68, 0.68, respectively). In pes cavus, HII was the most accurate, followed by SI and CSI (AUROC=0.71, 0.61, 0.60, respectively). For pes planus, the intra-observer reliability by Cohen’s Kappa was 0.92 for HII, 0.97 for CSI, and 0.93 for SI, the inter-observer reliability 0.82, 0.85, and 0.70, respectively. For pes cavus, the intra-observer reliability was 0.89 for HII, 0.95 for CSI, and 0.79 for SI, inter-observer reliability of 0.76, 0.77, and 0.66, respectively.
Conclusion
The accuracy of HII, CSI, and SI was fair in screening of pes planus and pes cavus. The intra- and inter-observer reliability were in the moderate to almost perfect range by Cohen’s Kappa.

Citations

• Efficacy of Comprehensive Foot Strengthening Program on Foot Biomechanics and Plantar Pressure to Reduce Lower Limb Injury Risk in Male Bhangra Dancers: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
  Sakshi Sadhu, Ramesh Chandra Patra
  Journal of Dance Medicine & Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Change in Plantar Pressure and Plain Radiography in Pediatric Flexible Flatfoot: A Retrospective Cohort Study
  Sungjoon Kim, Yong Gyun Kim, Jun Yup Kim, Si-Bog Park, Kyu Hoon Lee
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(5): 352.     CrossRef

Objective
To examine (1) the location of brain lesion that would predict post-traumatic delirium and (2) the association between volume of brain lesion and occurrence of delirium in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing medical records of 68 TBI patients, categorized into two groups: the delirious group (n=38) and non-delirious group (n=30). The location and volume of TBI were investigated with the 3D Slicer software.
Results
The TBI region in the delirious group mainly involved the frontal or temporal lobe (p=0.038). All 36 delirious patients had brain injury on the right side (p=0.046). The volume of hemorrhage in the delirious group was larger by about 95 mL compared to the non-delirious group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.382).
Conclusion
Patients with delirium after TBI had significantly different injury site and side, but not lesion size compared to patients without delirium.

Citations

• Clinical Utility and Performance of the Traditional Chinese Version of the 4-As Test for Delirium due to Traumatic Brain Injury
  Yun-Hsuan Lai, Chia-Jou Lin, I-Chang Su, Sheng-Wen Huang, Chia-Chi Hsiao, Ying-Ling Jao, Pin-Yuan Chen, Victoria Traynor, Chuan-Ya Lee, Ting-Jhen Chen, Mu-Hsing Ho, Hsiao-Yean Chiu
  Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry.2025; 66(2): 130.     CrossRef
• Post–Intensive Care Syndrome in Neurocritical Care Patients
  Neha S. Dangayach, Natalie Kreitzer, Brandon Foreman, Jenna Tosto-Mancuso
  Seminars in Neurology.2024; 44(03): 398.     CrossRef
• Risk factors for delirium occurring after deep brain stimulation surgery in patients with Parkinson’s disease
  Enes Ozluk, Gulsah Ozturk
  Acta Neurochirurgica.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To measure muscle activity before and after robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) in patients with stroke and examine the differences in muscle activity changes compared with conventional gait training (CGT).
Methods
Thirty patients with stroke (RAGT group, n=17; CGT group, n=13) participated in the study. All patients underwent RAGT using a footpad locomotion interface or CGT for 20 minutes for a total of 20 sessions. Outcome measures were lower-limb muscle activity and gait speed. Measurements were performed before the start of the intervention and after the end of the 4-week intervention.
Results
The RAGT group showed increased muscle activity in the gastrocnemius, whereas the CGT group showed high muscle activity in the rectus femoris. In the terminal stance of the gait cycle, the gastrocnemius, the increase in muscle activity was significantly higher in the RAGT group than in the CGT group.
Conclusion
The results suggest that RAGT with end-effector type is more effective than CGT to increase the gastrocnemius muscle activity.

Citations

• Effect and optimal exercise prescription of robot-assisted gait training on lower extremity motor function in stroke patients: a network meta-analysis
  Haiping Huang, Xinyi Su, Beisi Zheng, Manting Cao, Yuqian Zhang, Jianer Chen
  Neurological Sciences.2025; 46(3): 1151.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of robot-assisted gait training on lower extremity function in subacute stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Miao-miao Hu, Shan Wang, Cai-qin Wu, Kun-peng Li, Zhao-hui Geng, Guo-hui Xu, Lu Dong
  Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To determine correlations of alternation motor rate (AMR), sequential motor rate (SMR), and maximum phonation time (MPT) with the severity of dysphagia in subacute stroke patients.
Methods
This was a retrospective chart review study. Data of 171 subacute stroke patients were analyzed. Patient’s AMR, SMR, and MPT data were collected from their language evaluations. Video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was done. Data of dysphagia scales including penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcomes Measurement System (ASHA-NOMS) scale, clinical dysphagia scale (CDS), and videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale (VDS) were obtained. AMR, SMR, and MPT were compared between a non-aspirator group and an aspirator group. Correlations of AMR, SMR, and MPT with dysphagia scales were analyzed.
Results
AMR ("ka"), SMR, and modified Rankin Scale were significant associated factors between non-aspirator group and aspirator group, while AMR ("pa"), AMR ("ta"), and MPT were not. AMR, SMR, and MPT showed significant correlations with PAS score, ASHA-NOMS scale, CDS, VDS oral, and VDS pharyngeal scores. The cut-off value for distinguishing non-aspirator group and aspiration group was 18.5 for AMR ("ka") (sensitivity of 74.4%, specificity of 70.8%) and 7.5 for SMR (sensitivity of 89.9%, specificity of 61.0%). AMR and SMR were significantly lower in before-swallow aspiration group.
Conclusion
Articulatory diadochokinetic tasks that can be easily performed at the bedside would be particularly helpful in determining the oral feeding possibility of subacute stroke patients who cannot undergo VFSS, which is the gold standard for dysphagia assessment.

Citations

• Application of B+M-Mode Ultrasound in Evaluating Dysphagia in Elderly Stroke Patients
  Jiaying Shuai, Linping Pian, Li Tian, Linying Wang, Miaomiao Deng, Chen Cheng
  Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.2025; 51(2): 273.     CrossRef
• Laryngeal and swallowing characteristics in elderly after stroke: a preliminary study
  Jonan Emi Valencia Cardenas, Cris Magna dos Santos Oliveira, Raquel Rodrigues Rosa, Gabriele Ramos de Luccas, Claudia Tiemi Mituuti, Kelly Cristina Alves Silverio, Alcione Ghedini Brasolotto, Giédre Berretin-Felix
  Audiology - Communication Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Características laríngeas e de deglutição em idosos pós-acidente vascular encefálico: um estudo preliminar
  Jonan Emi Valencia Cardenas, Cris Magna dos Santos Oliveira, Raquel Rodrigues Rosa, Gabriele Ramos de Luccas, Claudia Tiemi Mituuti, Kelly Cristina Alves Silverio, Alcione Ghedini Brasolotto, Giédre Berretin-Felix
  Audiology - Communication Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Comparative analysis of speech assessment tools for individuals with dysarthria in Chile and worldwide
  Marcela Sanhueza-Garrido, Virginia García-Flores, Carlos Rojas-Zepeda, Jaime Crisosto-Alarcón
  Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología.2024; 4: 626.     CrossRef
• Rehabilitation of Patients with Post-Stroke Dysarthria in the Russia and Abroad: a Literature Review
  Olga V. Loginova, Daria I. Bovtyuk
  Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 22(6): 100.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate long-term changes in femoral anteversion angle (FAA) in children with intoeing gait and to identify factors that affect FAA changes.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed three-dimensional computed tomography data from 2006 to 2022 of children with intoeing gait with ≥3 years of follow-up without active treatment. The study examined the mean changes in FAA, the effects of sex, age, and initial FAA on FAA change, and mean FAAs by age. Changes in FAA severity up to eight years of age were also observed and analyzed by sex.
Results
A total of 126 lower limbs of 63 children (30 males, 33 females) with intoeing gait were included, with a mean age of 5.11±1.05 years and a mean follow-up period of 43.59±7.74 months. The initial FAA was 41.42°±8.29° and the follow-up FAA was 33.25°±9.19°, indicating a significant decrease (p<0.001). Significant correlations were observed between age and changes in FAA, as well as between initial FAA and changes in FAA (r=0.248, p=0.005; r=-0.333, p<0.001). At age 8 years, only 22 limbs were classified as having mild FAA severity.
Conclusion
During the follow-up period, children with intoeing gait had a significant decreased in FAA. No significant difference in FAA change was found between sex, but younger children and those with greater initial FAA were more likely to have decreased FAA. However, most children retained moderate to severe severity of increased FAA. Further studies are required to validate these findings.

Citations

• Exertional Compartment Syndrome in a Volleyball Player with Structural Abnormalities: A Case Report
  Katherine Wilson, Michael Oca, Leo L.T. Meller, Matthew R. Allen, Michael B. Strauss
  Current Sports Medicine Reports.2024; 23(8): 280.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the effect on early mobilization in patients undergoing extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and acute blood purification therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods
We conducted this multicenter retrospective cohort study by collecting data from six ICUs in Japan. Consecutive patients who were admitted to the ICU, aged ≥18 years, and received mechanical ventilation for >48 hours were eligible. The analyzed were divided into two groups: ECMO/blood purification or control group. Clinical outcomes; time to first mobilization, number of total ICU rehabilitations, mean and highest ICU mobility scale (IMS); and daily barrier changes were also investigated.
Results
A total of 204 patients were included in the analysis, 43 in the ECMO/blood purification group and 161 in the control group. In comparison of clinical outcome, the ECMO/blood purification group had a significantly longer time to first mobilization: ECMO/blood purification group 6 vs. control group 4 (p=0.003), higher number of total ICU rehabilitations: 6 vs. 5 (p=0.042), lower mean: 0 vs. 1 (p=0.043) and highest IMS: 2 vs. 3 (p=0.039) during ICU stay. Circulatory factor were most frequently described as barriers to early mobilization on days 1 (51%), 2 (47%), and 3 (26%). On days 4 to 7, the most frequently described barrier was consciousness factors (21%, 16%, 19%, and 21%, respectively)
Conclusion
The results of this study comparing the ECMO/blood purification group and the untreated group in the ICU showed that the ECMO/blood purification group had significantly longer days to mobilization and significantly lower mean and highest IMS.

Citations

• Impact of ICU-Based Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Blood Purification Therapy on the Time Required for Early Rehabilitation
  Shinichi Watanabe, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, Yoshie Hirota, Yuji Naito, Daisetsu Yasumura, Kota Yamauchi, Keisuke Suzuki, Takayasu Koike, Yasunari Morita
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Survival outcomes and mobilization during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a retrospective cohort study
  Felix A. Rottmann, Christian Noe, Xavier Bemtgen, Sven Maier, Alexander Supady, Tobias Wengenmayer, Dawid L. Staudacher
  Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the clinical and swallowing characteristics related to respiratory infection in patients with parkinsonism.
Methods
One hundred and forty-two patients with parkinsonism who underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) were enrolled in this study. The initial clinical and VFSS characteristics were compared between patients with and without a history of respiratory infection in the past year. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to identify clinical and swallowing characteristics related to respiratory infections.
Results
Patients with respiratory infections were older (74.75±10.20 years vs. 70.70±8.83 years, p=0.037), had a higher Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage (stage IV–V, 67.9% vs. 49.1%; p=0.047), and were more likely to have a diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) (67.9% vs. 41.2%, p=0.011) than those without respiratory infections. Among VFSS findings, bolus formation, premature bolus loss, oral transit time, pyriform sinus residues, pharyngeal wall coatings, and penetration/aspiration were significantly worse in patients with respiratory infections (p<0.05). Regarding clinical characteristics, higher H&Y stage (odds ratio [OR], 3.174; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.226–8.216; p=0.017) and diagnosis of IPD (OR, 0.280, 95% CI, 0.111–0.706; p=0.007) were significantly related to respiratory infections in the multivariate analysis. Among VFSS findings, pyriform sinus residue (OR, 14.615; 95% CI, 2.257–94.623; p=0.005) and premature bolus loss (OR, 5.151; 95% CI, 1.047–25.338; p=0.044) were also significantly associated with respiratory infection.
Conclusion
This study suggests that disease severity, diagnosis, pyriform sinus residue, and premature bolus loss observed in VFSS are associated with respiratory infection in patients with parkinsonism.

Objective
To assess the relationships between phase angle and muscle mass, strength, and physical function in patients with heart failure.
Methods
This study used a cross-sectional design. The analysis included 51 patients with heart failure. The Short Physical Performance Battery, one-leg standing time, handgrip strength, phase angle, and skeletal muscle index were measured. To identify explanatory variables of phase angle, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed.
Results
Handgrip strength was found to be an explanatory variable of phase angle independent of age, sex, and body mass index. This model was able to explain 30.4% of the model variance for phase angle.
Conclusion
In patients with heart failure, improving muscle strength rather than muscle mass or physical function might be more important for improving phase angle. Handgrip strength is an important outcome for improving prognosis in patients with heart failure.

Citations

• Phase Angle and Impedance Ratio as Indicators of Physical Function and Fear of Falling in Older Adult Women: Cross-Sectional Analysis
  Danielle A Sterner, Jeffrey R Stout, Kworweinski Lafontant, Joon-Hyuk Park, David H Fukuda, Ladda Thiamwong
  JMIR Aging.2024; 7: e53975.     CrossRef
• Prevalence and clinical characteristics of Sarcopenia in older adult patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional and follow-up study
  Sang Hun Kim, Cho Hui Hong, Myung-Jun Shin, Ki Uk Kim, Tae Sung Park, Jun Yong Park, Yong Beom Shin
  BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Malnutrition in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Insights from Morphofunctional Assessment and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria
  María Teresa Zarco-Martín, Carmen Freire, María Carmen Andreo-López, Socorro Leyva-Martínez, María Luisa Fernández-Soto
  Nutrients.2024; 16(16): 2625.     CrossRef

Objective
To define the effect of the inspiratory method and cough timing on peak cough flow (PCF).
Methods
We investigated the effect of measurement conditions on PCF in healthy subjects (n=10). We then compared obstructive and restrictive pulmonary diseases (n=20) to assess for similar results in respiratory diseases. The PCF was measured under four conditions: before coughing, without maneuver 1 or with maneuver 2 a temporary respiratory pause (4–6 seconds) after rapid inspiration, and without maneuver 3 or with maneuver 4 a temporary respiratory pause after slow inspiration. After the measurements were completed, the PCF between the four conditions was compared for each subject group, and the effect size was calculated.
Results
PCF of maneuvers 1 and 3 were significantly higher than maneuver 4 in healthy subjects (476.34±102.05 L/min and 463.44±107.14 L/min vs. 429.54±116.83 L/min, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) and patients with restrictive pulmonary disease (381.96±145.31 L/min, 354.60±157.36 L/min vs. 296.94±137.49 L/min, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). In obstructive pulmonary disease, maneuver 1 was significantly higher than maneuver 4 (327.42±154.73 L/min vs. 279.48±141.10 L/min, p<0.05). The largest effect sizes were shown by maneuvers 4 and 1.
Conclusion
PCF depends on changes in inspiratory speed before coughing and on temporary respiratory pauses after maximal inspiration. It will become necessary to unify the measurement methods for coughing strength and present appropriate coughing methods.

Citations

• Factors related to pre-operative cough strength in cardiac surgical patients: a cross-sectional study
  Yan Zhang, Zheng Lin, Yuhong Chen, Liang Hong, Xiao Shen
  Heart & Lung.2024; 63: 128.     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the feasibility and usability of cost-effective complex upper and lower limb robot-assisted gait training in patients with stroke using the GTR-A, a foot-plate based end-effector type robotic device.
Methods
Patients with subacute stroke (n=9) were included in this study. The enrolled patients received 30-minute robot-assisted gait training thrice a week for 2 weeks (6 sessions). The hand grip strength, functional ambulation categories, modified Barthel index, muscle strength test sum score, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, and Short Physical Performance Battery were used as functional assessments. The heart rate was measured to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the usability of robot-assisted gait training. All the parameters were evaluated before and after the robot-assisted gait training program.
Results
Eight patients completed robot-assisted gait training, and all parameters of functional assessment significantly improved between baseline and posttraining, except for hand grip strength and muscle strength test score. The mean scores for each domain of the questionnaire were as follows: safety, 4.40±0.35; effects, 4.23±0.31; efficiency, 4.22±0.77; and satisfaction, 4.41±0.25.
Conclusion
Thus, the GTR-A is a feasible and safe robotic device for patients with gait impairment after stroke, resulting in improvement of ambulatory function and performance of activities of daily living with endurance training. Further research including various diseases and larger sample groups is necessary to verify the utility of this device.

Citations

• Changes in body composition, physical fitness and quality of life on robotic gait assisted training in patients with Guillain-Barré Syndrome: a case report
  Moon Jin Lee, Sung Jin Yoon
  Physical Activity and Nutrition.2024; 28(4): 009.     CrossRef
• Smart Devices for Health and Wellness Applied to Tele-Exercise: An Overview of New Trends and Technologies Such as IoT and AI
  Antonio Fabbrizio, Alberto Fucarino, Manuela Cantoia, Andrea De Giorgio, Nuno D. Garrido, Enzo Iuliano, Victor Machado Reis, Martina Sausa, José Vilaça-Alves, Giovanna Zimatore, Carlo Baldari, Filippo Macaluso
  Healthcare.2023; 11(12): 1805.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the relationship between Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in subacute stroke patients.
Methods
Twenty-three subacute male stroke patients under the age of 65 were prospectively enrolled to exclude both postmenopausal and senile effects on BMD. The TIS, Berg Balance Scale, the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index, and manual muscle test were measured at admission and 3 months after stroke onset. BMD of the bilateral lower extremities and lumbar vertebrae was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 3 months after stroke onset.
Results
TIS at baseline (TIS_B) and TIS at 3 months after stroke (TIS_3m) showed significant correlations with lumbar BMD (TIS_B, r=0.522; TIS_3m, r=0.517). Through multiple regression analysis, the TIS_B was associated with lumbar BMD (adjusted R2=0.474). However, BMD of the bilateral lower extremities was not correlated with any clinical measurements except body mass index.
Conclusion
We found a relationship between TIS_B and lumbar BMD in subacute young male stroke patients. Stroke patients with poor trunk control in the early subacute stage would have low BMD of vertebral bones at 3 months. The TIS can be useful for estimating bone fragility in the lumbar vertebrae of subacute stroke patients.

Citations

• Effects of shoulder brace usage on postural stability in stroke survivors: A pilot randomized controlled trial
  Giovanni Morone, Alessandro Antonio Princi, Marco Iosa, Rebecca Montemurro, Irene Ciancarelli, Paola Coiro, Danilo Lisi, Riccardo Savo, Matteo Notturno Granieri, Domenico De Angelis, Marco Tramontano
  NeuroRehabilitation.2024; 54(3): 449.     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate treadmill backward walking training (BWT) effects on walking speed, balance, mobility, and walking endurance in children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods
The study evaluated 41 children with CP (age, 6–18; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I and II). They were randomly allocated into control and BWT groups. BWT was applied (two sessions/week, 15 min/session for 8-week) to BWT group after the neurodevelopmental-based physiotherapy program routinely followed by all participants while the control group did not receive BWT. 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Two-Minute Walk Test (2MWT) were selected as outcome measures for assessing walking speed, balance, mobility and endurance respectively.
Results
In BWG, 2MWT distance (3.5%), PBS (3.5%) increased significantly, and TUG decreased by 5.1% (all p<0.001) after training, 10MWT was shorter by 6.1% for BWG, corresponding to 7.4% faster walking speed (p<0.01). Control group assessment variations were stationary and not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Backward treadmill walking training induces small but statistically significant motor capacity improvements in children with CP.

Citations

• Quiet standing and anteroposterior limits of stability in adolescents and young adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy
  Hidehito Tomita, Daisuke Kawaguchi, Shuhei Takahashi, Hitoshi Asai
  Human Movement Science.2024; 95: 103215.     CrossRef

Objective
To systematically translate the Duchenne muscular dystrophy Functional Ability Self-Assessment Tool (DMDSAT) into Korean and verify the reliability and validity of the Korean version (K-DMDSAT).
Methods
The original DMDSAT was translated into Korean by two translators and two pediatric physiatrists. A total of 88 patients with genetically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) participated in the study. They were evaluated using the K-DMDSAT once as a self-assessment and once by an interviewer. The interviewer evaluated the K-DMDSAT again 1 week later using a test-retest approach. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify the interrater and test-retest reliabilities. Pearson correlation analysis between the K-DMDSAT and the Brooke or Vignos scales were used to assess validity.
Results
The total score and all domains of the K-DMDSAT showed excellent interrater and test-retest reliability, with an ICC for total scores of 0.985 and 0.987, respectively. All domains had an ICC >0.90. From the Pearson correlation analysis, the total K-DMDSAT score was significantly correlated with the Vignos and Brooke scales (r=0.918 and 0.825, respectively; p<0.001), and each domain of K-DMDSAT showed significant correlation with either the Vignos or Brooke scales.
Conclusion
DMDSAT was systematically translated into Korean, and K-DMDSAT was verified to have excellent reliability and validity. K-DMDSAT can help clinicians easily describe and categorize various functional aspects of patients with DMD through the entire disease progression.

Citations

• Muscle Pathology Associated With Cardiac Function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  Jin A Yoon, Heirim Lee, In Sook Lee, You Seon Song, Byeong-Ju Lee, Soo-Yeon Kim, Yong Beom Shin
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(6): 405.     CrossRef

Objective
To explore the effects of tactile stimulation using air pressure at the auricular branch of the vagus nerve on autonomic activity in healthy individuals.
Methods
Three types of tactile stimulation were used in this study: continuous low-amplitude, continuous high-amplitude, and pulsed airflow. The tactile stimulations were provided to the cymba concha to investigate autonomic activity in 22 healthy participants. The mean heart rate (HR) and parameters of HR variability, including the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) were compared at baseline, stimulation, and recovery periods.
Results
Two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of time on HR (p=0.001), SDNN (p=0.003), and RMSSD (p<0.001). These parameters showed significant differences between baseline and stimulation periods and baseline and recovery periods in the post-hoc analyses. There were no significant differences in the changes induced by stimulation type and the interaction between time and stimulation type for all parameters. One-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that HR, SDNN, and RMSSD did not differ significantly among the three time periods during sham stimulation.
Conclusion
Parasympathetic activity can be enhanced by auricular tactile stimulation using air pressure, targeting the cymba concha. Further studies are warranted to investigate the optimal stimulation parameters for potential clinical significance.

Citations

• Stroking Stimuli to the Ear to Enhance Pleasant and Non-arousing Feelings while Listening to Sounds
  Yuta GOTO, Shogo OKAMOTO
  International Journal of Affective Engineering.2024; 23(3): 251.     CrossRef
• Relaxation Effects of Auricular Vibration Stimuli Synchronized with Music
  Yuta GOTO, Shogo OKAMOTO
  International Symposium on Affective Science and Engineering.2024; ISASE2024: 1.     CrossRef
• Effects of tactile auricular vagus nerve stimulation using heated and humidified airflow on cardiac autonomic activity: a pilot experimental study
  Soohyun Wi, Sungwoo Park, Byung-Mo Oh, Han Gil Seo, Yae Lim Lee, Woo Hyung Lee
  Clinical Autonomic Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To assess the impact of a “one-stop”, multi-modal, hospital-associated-home-based prehabilitation model, helmed by a small core team, on newly diagnosed gastrointestinal and urological cancer patients planned for surgery.
Methods
This is a retrospective study in a tertiary public hospital, involving all newly diagnosed gastrointestinal and urological cancer patients planned for surgery. The primary outcome measure was the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Other outcomes included physical, psychological and quality-of-life measures, and patient satisfaction surveys, taken at baseline, pre-operatively (post-prehabilitation), and at 3 months post-operatively.
Results
When comparing the baseline to pre-operatively (post-prehabilitation), there was a statistically significant improvement in the 6MWT (21.52 m, p<0.001), 30-Second Sit to Stand test (STS) (1.08 repetitions, p<0.001), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) (0.83 seconds, p=0.014) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (total score 1.77, p<0.001). These were sustained (6MWT: 0.22, p=0.964; STS: 0.08 repetitions, p=0.863; TUG: 0.04 seconds, p=0.939) or further improved (HADS total score 2.06, p=0.003) at 3 months post-operatively. There was also a statistically significant improvement in the EuroQol-5 dimension health score (health-related quality-of-life measure) from baseline to 3 months post-operatively (7.04 points, p=0.001), with more than 90% overall patient satisfaction reported.
Conclusion
Prehabilitation applied via our model resulted in significant improvements in functional capacity, psychological and quality-of-life outcomes, sustained at 3 months post-operatively, and is a feasible and effective approach that is well-received by our patients.

Citations

• Feasibility, User Acceptance, and Outcomes of Using a Cancer Prehabilitation App for Exercise: Pilot Cohort Study
  Fuquan Zhang, Deepali Bang, Christine Alejandro Visperas, Mon Hnin Tun, San San Tay
  JMIR Formative Research.2025; 9: e64427.     CrossRef
• Measures of preoperative anxiety: Part two
  Katarzyna Nowicka-Sauer, Adam Zemła, Dorota Banaszkiewicz, Bartosz G. Trzeciak, Krzysztof Jarmoszewicz
  Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy.2024; 56(1): 9.     CrossRef
• Prevention and treatment of noncognitive complications
  André van Zundert, Stephen P. Gatt, Tom Christophe van Zundert
  Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia.2023; 17(4): 557.     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Thai version of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q) in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Methods
The FOG-Q was translated into Thai according to the standard process. Fifty-six individuals with PD participated in the study. The content validity was assessed using the content validity index (CVI). The construct validity was evaluated by correlating Thai FOG-Q with Thai version of the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) items 2.13 and 3.11, Thai version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rS). The correlation between Thai FOG-Q and clinical characteristics, for example, duration of PD and modified Hoehn and Yahr (mH&Y) stage was evaluated. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha (Cα) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively.
Results
The Thai FOG-Q had high content validity (CVI=0.96). The mean FOG-Q score was 9.0±4.9. The construct validity showed a strong positive correlation with MDS-UPDRS item 2.13 (rS=0.81), and moderate correlations with MDS-UPDRS item 3.11, FES-I, and TUG (rS=0.42–0.60). A negative correlation with BBS was found (rS=-0.32). It had a moderate correlation with mH&Y stage (rS=0.40). The Thai FOG-Q had good internal consistency (Cα=0.87) with excellent test-retest reliability (ICC=0.91).
Conclusion
The Thai FOG-Q has excellent validity and reliability. It is a useful instrument for the evaluation of FOG in individuals with PD.

Citations

• Validity, reliability, and measurement error of the Japanese version of the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire for patients with Parkinson’s disease
  Katsuya Sakai, Tsubasa Kawasaki, Hiroya Kiminarita, Kichol Kim, Jyunya Ogawa
  Physiotherapy Theory and Practice.2025; 41(4): 820.     CrossRef
• A Graph‐Theoretic Approach to Detection of Parkinsonian Freezing of Gait From Videos
  Qi Liu, Jie Bao, Xu Zhang, Chuan Shi, Catherine Liu, Rui Luo
  Statistics in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Psychometric properties of outcome measures for freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Prisca Proietti, Ilaria Ruotolo, Alessandra Carlizza, Alessandro Ugolini, Giovanni Galeoto, Giovanni Fabbrini, Giovanni Sellitto
  Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
• The validation of a Japanese version of the New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (NFOG-Q)
  Seira Taniguchi, Kohei Marumoto, Yuta Kajiyama, Gajanan Revankar, Michiko Inoue, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Rika Kayano, Eiji Mizuta, Ryuichi Takahashi, Emi Shirahata, Chizu Saeki, Tatsuhiko Ozono, Yasuyoshi Kimura, Kensuke Ikenaka, Hideki Mochizuki
  Neurological Sciences.2024; 45(7): 3147.     CrossRef
• A VO2peak prediction model in older adults' patients with Parkinson's disease
  Jaime Vásquez-Gómez, Armando Cifuentes-Amigo, Marcelo Castillo-Retamal, Antonio R. Zamunér
  Experimental Gerontology.2023; 181: 112285.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the effect of 6 weeks of home-based boxing training on trunk performance, balance, fear of falling, and level of therapy enjoyment in individuals with chronic stroke.
Methods
Eighteen participants with chronic stroke were randomly divided into boxing and control groups (9 patients per group). The boxing group received home-based boxing training for 25 minutes plus balance and trunk exercise training for 15 minutes, while the control group received only home-based balance and trunk exercise training for 40 minutes, three days a week for 6 weeks. The Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) were assessed at baseline, and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-training. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to determine differences between pre- and post-training within and between groups. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Results
The TIS scores significantly increased from 13 to 17 points in the boxing group (p<0.05) compared to an increase from 15 to 17 points in the control group (p<0.05). The Mini-BESTest scores significantly increased from 14 to 22 points in the boxing group (p<0.05) compared to an increase from 17 to 20 points in the control group (p<0.05). There were no differences in the TIS, Mini-BESTest, ABC, and PACES scores between the two groups.
Conclusion
Home-based boxing training with balance and trunk exercise training had a similar training effect compared to home-based balance and trunk exercise training.

Citations

• Therapeutic Intervention for Trunk Control Impairments in Central Nervous System Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Methods and Efficacy
  Hiroaki Yamashita, Tatsuya Yamaoka, Ryota Shimomura, Sachimori Ichimura, Yuuki Murata, Akihiro Itoh, Tatsuya Mima, Satoko Koganemaru
  Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 10: n/a.     CrossRef
• Effects of Taekwondo intervention on balance ability: A meta-analysis and systematic review
  Zhengfa Han, Hanyu Ju, Artur Kruszewski
  PLOS ONE.2025; 20(2): e0317844.     CrossRef
• Interactive Cognitive Motor Training: A Promising Approach for Sustainable Improvement of Balance in Older Adults
  Longhai Zhang, Jiawei Guo, Jing Zhang, Ling Zhang, Yanbing Li, Shutong Yang, Wenfei Zhu, Fei Guo
  Sustainability.2023; 15(18): 13407.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine the efficacy of concentric vs. eccentric exercise in improving shoulder function, pain, and tendon characteristics for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and rotator cuff tendinopathy.
Methods
Forty patients with rheumatoid arthritis and rotator cuff tendinopathy were divided into either concentric or eccentric exercise groups, with 20 patients in each group. Patients received 12 sessions at a pace of 3 sessions per week. Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), the visual analogue scale (VAS), supraspinatus and subscapularis thickness, echo pixels, and the Disease Activity Score-28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS-28-ESR) were assessed at baseline and post-treatment.
Results
There was a significant difference between the concentric and eccentric groups regarding SPADI and VAS scores in favor of the eccentric group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding tendon thickness, echo pixels, or DAS-28-ESR.
Conclusion
Eccentric exercises were more effective than concentric exercises in improving shoulder function and pain intensity. However, neither of the two types of exercises was superior in improving tendon characteristics or disease activity.

Citations

• Response: Eccentric Versus Concentric Exercises in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Randomized Comparative Study (Ann Rehabil Med 2023;47:26-35)
  Mina Magdy Wahba, Mona Selim, Mohammed Moustafa Hegazy, Rasmia Elgohary, Mohammed Shawki Abdelsalam
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(1): 3.     CrossRef
• Letter to the Editor: Eccentric Versus Concentric Exercises in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Randomized Comparative Study
  Vanshika Agarwal, Jeyanthi. S, Adarsh Sharma
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(1): 1.     CrossRef

Objective
To examine the usefulness and feasibility of modified thread carpal tunnel release (TCTR) by comparing the results of using pre-existing commercial thread with those of a newly developed thread (Smartwire-01).
Methods
A total of 17 cadaveric wrists were used in the study. The modified TCTR method was practiced by two different experts. Pre-existing commercial surgical dissecting thread (Loop&Shear^TM) was used for five wrists and the newly developed Smartwire-01 was used for twelve wrists. The gross and microanatomy of the specimens were evaluated by a blinded anatomist.
Results
Both types of thread were able to cut the TCL similarly. Gross anatomy and histologic findings showed that there was no significant difference between the two types of threads. However, the practitioners felt that it was easier to cut the TCL using the newly-developed thread.
Conclusion
TCTR using Smartwire-01 was as effective as pre-existing Loop&Shear^TM, with better user experiences.

Citations

• Ultrasound-Guided Modified Thread Carpal Tunnel Release for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Pilot Study
  Jaewon Kim, Jae Min Kim, Hae-Yeon Park, In Jong Kim
  Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound.2025; 46(01): 57.     CrossRef
• Long-Term Outcomes of Ultrasound-Guided Thread Carpal Tunnel Release and Its Clinical Effectiveness in Severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study
  In Jong Kim, Jae Min Kim
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(1): 262.     CrossRef

Objective
To systematically review the effect of intrathecal baclofen pump insertion in children with cerebral palsy (CP) with respect to scoliosis.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases up to June 2022. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies with a quantitative study design; (2) studies with a study group of children with CP; (3) studies comparing scoliosis in children with and without an intrathecal baclofen pump; and (4) studies with Cobb’s angle as a parameter.
Results
Of the 183 studies found, four studies, all of which were retrospective comparative studies, met the aforementioned inclusion criteria. All studies were homogeneous (I2=0%, p=0.53) and intrathecal baclofen pump insertion accelerated the progression of scoliosis (standard mean difference=0.27; 95% confidence interval=0.07–0.48).
Conclusion
Intrathecal baclofen pumps have been used to alleviate spasticity in children with CP, thus aiding their daily activities and movements. However, their advantages and disadvantages should be reviewed after sufficient time considering the pumps’ negative effect on the course of scoliosis.

Citations

• From childhood to adulthood: Long-term assessment of continuous intrathecal baclofen therapy in non-ambulant spastic cerebral palsy
  B.H.M. Martens, M. Iskander, D.L. Soudant, G.F. Vles, L.A. Bonouvrié, O.P.M. Teernstra, J.S.H. Vles, R.J. Vermeulen
  European Journal of Paediatric Neurology.2025; 56: 17.     CrossRef
• Pre-op considerations in neuromuscular scoliosis deformity surgery: proceedings of the half day course at the 58th annual meeting of the Scoliosis Research Society
  Michelle C. Welborn, Gregory Redding, Patrick Evers, Lindsey Nicol, David F. Bauer, Rajiv R. Iyer, Selina Poon, Steven Hwang
  Spine Deformity.2024; 12(4): 867.     CrossRef
• Cervicothoracic ventral-dorsal rhizotomy for treatment of brachial hypertonia in cerebral palsy
  Sunny Abdelmageed, Mahalia Dalmage, James M. Mossner, Robin Trierweiler, Tim Krater, Jeffrey S. Raskin
  Child's Nervous System.2024; 40(9): 2835.     CrossRef
• Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy: Pros and Cons
  Sung-Rae Cho
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(1): 1.     CrossRef

Objective
To determine the appropriate time points to start regular exercise which could reduce age-related anxiety and impaired social behavior.
Methods
For this study, 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: no exercise (NoEX), short-term exercise (S-Ex), and long-term exercise (L-Ex) groups. S-Ex-group rats started treadmill exercise at 12 months of age, while L-Ex rats started from at 2 months of age. Exercise rats were forced to walk on the treadmill three times per week, with 1- to 2-day intervals for 10 minutes during the first 2 weeks, at 10 m/min until 17 months of age, and at 8 m/min thereafter. At 19 months of age, behavioral tests were performed to assess the effects of exercise on age-induced behavioral change as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction were done to uncover the mechanism behind the behavioral changes.
Results
Anxiety-like behavior was improved by long-term exercise. Additionally, rats belonging to the S-Ex and L-Ex groups showed improved social behavior and increased curiosity about interesting objects. The qPCR data showed that treadmill exercise suppressed the expression of immediate-early genes in the prefrontal cortex of the aged rats.
Conclusion
This study suggests that long-term exercise represses early response genes, and in this way, it increases resistance to stress, diminishes anxiety-related behavior, and improves social behavior. These findings underscore the need to consider appropriate time to start exercise to prevent stress induced anxiety related behavior.

Objective
To investigate the effects of customized biomechanical foot orthosis (BFO) on kinematic data during gait in patients with hallux valgus (HV) deformities and compare the results with those of a normal control group.
Methods
Ten patients with HV deformities and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. HV deformity was diagnosed using biomechanical and radiological assessments by a rehabilitation physician. Patients received the customized BFO manufactured at a commercial orthosis laboratory (Biomechanics, Goyang, South Korea) according to the strictly defined procedure by a single experienced technician. The spatiotemporal and kinematic data acquired by the Vicon 3D motion capture system (Oxford Metrics, Oxford, UK) were compared between the intervention groups (control vs. HV without orthosis) and between the HV groups (with vs. without orthosis).
Results
The temporal-spatial and kinematic parameters of the HV group were significantly different from those of the control group. After applying BFO to the HV group, significantly increased ranges of plantar flexion motion and hindfoot inversion were observed. Furthermore, the HV group with BFO showed improved gait cadence, walking speed, and stride length, although the results were not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that it is imperative to understand the pathophysiology of HV, and the application of customized BFO can be useful for improving kinematics in HV deformities.

Citations

• HALLUX VALGUS: LICKS AT THE ANKLE JOINTS, BUT BITES AT THE HIP JOINTS?
  UDOCHKINA L.A., KHLEBNIKOV YU.V. , VORONTSOVA O.I., KAPITONOVA M.
  AVICENNA BULLETIN.2023; : 553.     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between femoral muscle volume (FMV) and physiological outcomes after trans-femoral amputations (TFAs) affecting overall locomotor function in patients.
Methods
Seven individuals who underwent TFA and had been using a prosthesis participated in this cross-sectional study. Gait and balance were assessed using clinical tests, such as 10-m walk test, 6-minute walk test, Berg Balance Scale, and automatic balance system. Respiratory gas analysis was performed to check oxygen consumption rate. Five participants were evaluated for bilateral FMV by MR imaging and FMV was reconstructed using three-dimentional remodeling.
Results
In five participants, significant differences were found between the non-involved and involved sides in femur length, total FMV, and functional muscle volume (all p<0.01) in all groups except for the hip adductor volume. The %mean difference between the non-involved and involved sides was 30% for femur length, 52.55% for hip flexor volume, 26.55% for hip adductor volume, 51.86% for hip extensor volume, and 60.21% for knee extensor volume. The hip flexor volume to hip extensor volume ratio in the involved limb and oxygen consumption rate during comfortable gait were negatively correlated (r=-0.96, p=0.04).
Conclusion
In individuals who underwent unilateral TFA, hip girdle muscle imbalance in the involved limbs may be associated with oxygen consumption rate while using a prosthesis.

Objective
To prove the hypothesis that the parameters of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) during will be more deteriorated in neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) than in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
Methods
This retrospective study reviewed the data of 69 patients (NMS=32, AIS=37) who underwent scoliosis surgery under IONM. The amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and the amplitude and the latency of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were examined. Demographic, preoperative, perioperative and postoperative data were analyzed to determine whether they affected the IONM parameters for each group.
Results
Of the items analyzed, the bleeding amount was the only significant risk factor for SEP latency deterioration in the NMS group only. The amplitude of SEP and MEP did not correlate with the hemodynamic parameters. The NMS/AIS ratios of the bleeding-related parameters were higher in the order of bleeding amount/weight (2.62, p<0.01), bleeding amount/body mass index (2.13, p<0.01), and bleeding amount (1.56, p<0.01). This study suggests that SEP latency is more vulnerable than SEP or MEP amplitude in ischemic conditions during scoliosis surgery.
Conclusion
In NMS patients, it should be considered that the bleeding amount can have a critical effect on intraoperative electrophysiological deterioration.

Citations

• Cerebral Perfusion Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review of Blood Pressure Management in Neurosurgical and Endovascular Aneurysm Interventions
  Shubham Petkar, Vivek Chakole, Roshan Nisal, Vishnu Priya
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Improvement in functional motor scores in patients with non-ambulatory spinal muscle atrophy during Nusinersen treatment in South Korea: a single center study
  Jin A. Yoon, Yuju Jeong, Jiae Lee, Dong Jun Lee, Kyung Nam Lee, Yong Beom Shin
  BMC Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To compare transverse and longitudinal safe zones using ultrasonography between healthy individuals and patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).
Methods
This was a prospective observational case-control study. Forty wrists from 20 healthy individuals and 40 wrists from 24 patients with CTS were examined. Patients with CTS were classified into three groups (mild, moderate, and severe CTS) based on electrodiagnostic findings. Using ultrasonography, we measured the distance between the median nerve and ulnar vessels to identify the transverse safe zone, and between the distal flexor retinaculum and superficial palmar artery arch to identify the longitudinal safe zone.
Results
The transverse and longitudinal safe zones were significantly different between participants with CTS and those without CTS. The transverse safe zone significantly differed between the mild and severe CTS groups, while the longitudinal safe zone was not significantly different between the groups. The cross-sectional area of the median nerve negatively correlated with the transverse and longitudinal safe zones.
Conclusion
Transverse and longitudinal safe zones were narrower in patients with CTS than in the healthy group. A significant difference was observed between patients with mild CTS and those with severe CTS. Furthermore, the cross-sectional area of the median nerve was directly proportional to the degree of narrowing of the transverse and longitudinal safe zones.

Citations

• Ultrasound-guided release of carpal tunnel syndrome — Anterograde technique
  Carla Ricardo Nunes, Olivier Marès, Vincent Martinel
  Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation.2025; : 102091.     CrossRef
• USG-Guided Percutaneous Thread Carpal Tunnel Release
  Nishith Kumar, Alfa Shamim Saifi, Upinderjeet Singh, Dharmendra Kumar Singh
  Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging.2024; 34(04): 745.     CrossRef
• Clinical-applied anatomy of the carpal tunnel regarding mini-invasive carpal tunnel release
  Peter Kaiser, Gernot Schmidle, Simone Bode, Ulrike Seeher, Hanne-Rose Honis, Bernhard Moriggl, Elisabeth Pechriggl, Hannes Stofferin, Marko Konschake
  Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.2024; 144(11): 4753.     CrossRef
• Ultrasound-Guided Partial Release of Transverse Carpal Ligament in Severe Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using a Curved Needle
  Nishith Kumar, Upinderjeet Singh, Dharmendra Kumar Singh, Alfa Shamim Saifi
  Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Ultrasound-guided interventions in primary carpal tunnel syndrome: perineural injection to thread carpal tunnel release
  Nishith Kumar, Shishir Kumar Chandan, Divesh Jalan, Skand Sinha, Binita Jaiswal, Dharmendra Kumar Singh
  The British Journal of Radiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the effect of low frequency cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on balance impairment in patients with cerebral infarction.
Methods
Thirty-two patients were randomly divided into two groups: rTMS group (n=16) and control (n=16). In the rTMS group, treatment was performed five times per week for 2 weeks (10 sessions), and in the control group, a sham coil was used with the sound and sensation of scalp similar to the rTMS coil. Patients in both groups underwent a conventional rehabilitation program. Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used as the primary outcome measurement. Timed Up and Go test (TUG), 10-m walk test (10mWT), and Activity-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC) were used as the secondary outcome measurement. All scales were measured at baseline (T0), after 10 sessions of rTMS (T1), and at 4 weeks after treatment completion (T2) by therapists with over 5 years of clinical experience.
Results
There were significant improvements between T0 and T1, and between T0 and T2, for all assessed items in the rTMS group. Whereas there were significant improvements between T0 and T1, and between T0 and T2, for the BBS and 10mWT in the control group. TUG (-4.87±5.05 vs. -0.50±2.97 seconds) and ABC score (8.10±8.33 vs. 0.16±0.97) were observed significant differences in comparison of the changes from T0 to T1 between the two group. BBS score (4.40±3.66 vs. 1.88±3.14), TUG (-4.87±4.56 vs. -0.62±2.96 seconds) and ABC score (8.22±7.70 vs. -0.09±0.86) differed significantly from T0 to T2 between the two groups.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that low-frequency cerebellar rTMS is helpful for improving balance in patients with cerebral infarction, and maybe a beneficial treatment for these patients.

Citations

• Exploring cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation in post-stroke limb dysfunction rehabilitation: a narrative review
  Zhan Wang, Likai Wang, Fei Gao, Yongli Dai, Chunqiao Liu, Jingyi Wu, Mengchun Wang, Qinjie Yan, Yaning Chen, Chengbin Wang, Litong Wang
  Frontiers in Neuroscience.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Xin Wang, Guilan Huang, Daoran Wang, Lu Sun, Haobo Leng, Kai Zheng, Xinlei Xu, Guofu Zhang, Caili Ren
  Brain Research Bulletin.2025; 225: 111341.     CrossRef
• Effects of Cerebellar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Motor Function of Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
  Yongxin Zhu, Juncong Yang, Kun Wang, Xianwen Li, Jiahui Ling, Xie Wu, Lianhui Fu, Qi Qi
  Brain and Behavior.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Efficacy of Cerebellar Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Post-stroke Balance and Limb Motor Function Impairments: Meta-analyses of Random Controlled Trials and Resting-State fMRI Studies
  Yuheng Zeng, Zujuan Ye, Wanxin Zheng, Jue Wang
  The Cerebellum.2024; 23(4): 1678.     CrossRef
• Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation for improving balance capacity and activity of daily living in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Jingfeng Wang, Zhisheng Wu, Shanshan Hong, Honghong Ye, Yi Zhang, Qiuxiang Lin, Zehuang Chen, Liling Zheng, Jiawei Qin
  BMC Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Cerebellar Non-Invasive Stimulation on Neurorehabilitation in Stroke Patients: An Updated Systematic Review
  Qi Liu, Yang Liu, Yumei Zhang
  Biomedicines.2024; 12(6): 1348.     CrossRef
• Bilateral Cerebellar Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Chronic Ataxia After Hemorrhagic Stroke: a Case Report
  Evan Hy Einstein, Juliana Corlier, Cole Matthews, Doan Ngo, Michael K. Leuchter, Cole Citrenbaum, Nikita Vince-Cruz, Bhavna Ramesh, Aaron Slan, Scott A. Wilke, Nathaniel Ginder, Thomas Strouse, Andrew F. Leuchter
  The Cerebellum.2023; 23(3): 1254.     CrossRef

Objective
To clarify the profile of cognitive dysfunction and the effects of intensive exercise in spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD).
Methods
We enrolled 60 healthy controls and 16 patients with purely cerebellar type SCD without gait disturbance or organic changes other than cerebellar changes. To assess cognitive function, we evaluated the participants using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese (MoCA-J) at admission and after intensive exercise.
Results
Compared to the controls, SCD patients showed significant cognitive decline. As a result of intensive exercise, significant improvements in motor and cognitive functions were observed: the MMSE score improved from 27.7±1.9 to 29.0±1.3 points (p<0.001); the FAB score improved from 14.8±2.2 to 15.8±2.0 points (p=0.002); and the MoCA-J score improved from 24.6±2.2 to 26.7±1.9 points (p<0.001). For sub-scores, significant improvements were noted in serial 7, lexical fluency, motor series, and delayed recall.
Conclusion
Our study indicates that intensive exercise can be effective not only for motor dysfunction but also for cognitive dysfunction (Clinical Trial Registration No. UMIN-CTR: UMIN000040079).

Objective
To analyze the correlation between standardized language assessment batteries of toddlers and developmental language delays.
Methods
A total of 319 children with suspected language developmental delays were enrolled in this study retrospectively. They underwent the Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test (REVT) for vocabulary development assessment and at least one of two language assessment batteries: The Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI) or the Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES) for language development assessment. The correlation of the results for receptive and expressive language between the scales were analyzed.
Results
The participants were divided into two groups: SELSI and REVT (n=45) and PRES and REVT (n=273). When the children’s results were classified into groups (average, mild delay, and delay), receptive and expressive scores were significantly correlated with each other in both SELSI-REVT and PRES-REVT groups. In addition, the correlation of mean developmental age between tests are analyzed. In the SELSI-REVT group, there was weak correlation of mean developmental age between tests for receptive and expressive language. In the PRES-REVT group, there was a strong positive correlation of mean developmental age for receptive and expressive language in children aged >36 months. Attention deficits during the test was found to be the statistically significant factor affecting the differences between the tests. The odds ratios for receptive and expressive language were 2.60 (95% confidence interval,1.15–5.84) and 1.94 (95% confidence interval, 1.15–3.27), respectively.
Conclusion
This study examined the correlations and influencing factors between language development evaluation tools for toddlers. An integrated interpretation of comprehensive language and vocabulary evaluation tools may be possible in children older than 3 years of language developmental age.

Citations

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