Objective
To analyze the changes in muscle mass and quality with time on the paretic and non-paretic sides in subacute stroke patients and identify correlations between the variation of muscle mass and quality and lower limb functions.
Methods
Thirty hemiplegia patients diagnosed with stroke participated in this study. To evaluate poststroke muscle changes, longitudinal measurement of muscle mass and quality was conducted with bilateral lower limbs. The elastic shear modulus was measured using shear wave elastography and muscle thickness (MT) of rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius (GCM) muscles. Functional evaluation was performed using Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST). Follow-up was performed at discharge. The muscle mass and quality were compared according to time. We analyzed whether muscle quantity and quality were related to function.
Results
MT demonstrated no significant change with time. The elastic shear modulus increased significantly in the paretic VL and GCM muscles and did not change significantly in the muscles on the non-paretic side. Correlation analysis detected that elastic shear modulus in the VL has a cross-sectional negative relationship between BBS and positive relationship between FTSST. There were significant correlation between variation of FTSST and the variation of the elastic shear modulus in VL.
Conclusion
Only paretic VL and GCM muscle quality changed in subacute stroke patients and muscle’s property related to lower limb functions. Therefore, the lower extremity requires an approach to muscle quality rather than quantity for subacute stroke patients.

Citations

• Efficacy of robot-assisted gait training on lower extremity function in subacute stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Miao-miao Hu, Shan Wang, Cai-qin Wu, Kun-peng Li, Zhao-hui Geng, Guo-hui Xu, Lu Dong
  Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of light-emitting diode (LED) and their dual-wavelengths as a treatment strategy for osteoarthritis.
Methods
We induced osteoarthritis in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intra-articular injection of sodium iodoacetate into the right rear knee joint. The animals with lesions were divided into an untreated group and an LED-treated group (n=7 each). In the LED-treated group, the lesioned knee was irradiated with lasers (850 and 940 nm) and dose (3.15 J/cm²) for 20 minutes per session, twice a week for 4 weeks. Knee joint tissues were stained and scanned using an in vivo micro-computed tomography (CT) scanner. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Several functional tests (lines crossed, rotational movement, rearing, and latency to remain rotating rod) were performed 24 hours before LED treatment and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment.
Results
LED-treated rats showed improved locomotor function and suppressed matrix-degrading cytokines. Micro-CT images indicated that LED therapy had a preserving effect on cartilage and cortical bone.
Conclusion
LED treatment using wavelengths of 850 and 940 nm resulted in significant functional, anatomical, and histologic improvements without adverse events in a rat model. Further research is required to determine the optimal wavelength, duration, and combination method, which will maximize treatment effectiveness.

Citations

• Photobiomodulation Literature Watch December 2023
  James D. Carroll
  Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery.2024; 42(10): 660.     CrossRef

Objective
To establish the lower limits of normative values of the physical work capacity for Korean farmers in healthy working individual.
Methods
We developed a comprehensive set of physical work capacity evaluation items that encompass common farming tasks. These items include measurements of trunk flexion/extension angles, strength (hand grip, trunk flexion/extension, leg/back lifting, and pushing/pulling), and positional tolerances. We calculated the normative values for the items and defined the normal range in 124 healthy volunteers aged 20–79 years. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to validate the test-retest reliability of the measurements protocol.
Results
The normal values for each measurement item were as follows: trunk flexion and extension angle (65.3°±11.6° and 29.6°±6.6°), dominant hand grip strength (32.2±10.5 kgf), trunk flexion and extension strength (288.4±119.0 N and 297.3±129.9 N), leg and back lifting strength (452.9±233.5 N and 349.2±166.7 N), pushing and pulling strength (214.7±75.1 N and 221.7±63.3 N), and positional tolerance time (squat: 76.8±9.0 seconds, front: 73.8±7.7 seconds, twist: 82.2±8.8 seconds, upward: 71.9±11.3 seconds). Regarding test-retest reliability, all strength measurements demonstrated excellent absolute agreement (ICC, 0.91–0.96). However, positional tolerance showed poor-to-moderate absolute agreement (ICC, 0.37–0.58).
Conclusion
We conducted measurements of muscle strength and positional tolerance in healthy participants of various ages, focusing on tasks commonly performed by Korean farmers. The outcomes hold significant value as they offer a pertinent instrument for assessing the appropriateness of workers, thereby carrying implications for rehabilitation objectives, legal evaluations, and work capacity assessments within the agricultural domain.

Objective
To investigate the relationship between low back pain (LBP) and sagittal spino-pelvic parameters along with the relationship between LBP and back muscle mass in Korean male and female fishery workers.
Methods
This retrospective study included a total of 146 subjects who underwent Fishermen’s health survey conducted between June 2018 and August 2020. LBP was evaluated through visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Sagittal spino-pelvic parameters were measured from whole spine standing X-rays. Back muscle cross-sectional areas were identified through lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging and body composition was analyzed through bioelectrical impedance analysis.
Results
The study included 75 males and 71 females, with an average age of 58.33 years for males and 56.45 years for females. Female subjects exhibited higher VAS and ODI scores, larger pelvic tilt (PT) and trunk fat mass and smaller trunk muscle mass compared to males. In female, ODI positively correlated with sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and PT. No significant correlations were found between ODI scores and body composition in either sex. The high ODI group showed greater SVA, PT, and pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis and higher trunk fat/muscle ratio. Psoas muscle mass, total and skeletal muscle mass and trunk muscle mass of that group were smaller than those of low ODI group.
Conclusion
Spino-pelvic parameters and back muscle mass were associated with ODI and there were differences between Korean male and female fishery workers.

Citations

• Interrelationships of cervical spine sagittal alignment and whole spinopelvic alignment under implications of musculoskeletal health among independent elderly women in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study
  Tzai-Chiu Yu, Wen-Tien Wu, Ru-Ping Lee, Ing-Ho Chen, Jen-Hung Wang, Shu-Hui Wen, Kuang-Ting Yeh, Barry Kweh
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(10): e0312082.     CrossRef

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly able to learn from larger and more complex data, thus allowing clinicians and scientists to gain new insights from the information they collect about their patients every day. In rehabilitation medicine, AI can be used to find patterns in huge amounts of healthcare data. These patterns can then be leveraged at the individual level, to design personalized care strategies and interventions to optimize each patient’s outcomes. However, building effective AI tools requires many careful considerations about how we collect and handle data, how we train the models, and how we interpret results. In this perspective, we discuss some of the current opportunities and challenges for AI in rehabilitation. We first review recent trends in AI for the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and continuous monitoring of disease or injury, with a special focus on the different types of healthcare data used for these applications. We then examine potential barriers to designing and integrating AI into the clinical workflow, and we propose an end-to-end framework to address these barriers and guide the development of effective AI for rehabilitation. Finally, we present ideas for future work to pave the way for AI implementation in real-world rehabilitation practices.

Citations

• Blending Bytes and Bench Presses: The Future of Online Exercise and Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Rehabilitation
  Rowena Naidoo, Verusia Chetty
  Journal of Physical Activity and Health.2025; 22(1): 2.     CrossRef
• The potential role of artificial intelligence to promote the participation and inclusion in physical exercise and sports for people with disabilities: A narrative review
  João Paulo Pereira Rosa
  Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.2025; 42: 127.     CrossRef
• Estimation of elbow flexion torque using equilibrium optimizer on feature selection of NMES MMG signals and hyperparameter tuning of random forest regression
  Raphael Uwamahoro, Kenneth Sundaraj, Farah Shahnaz Feroz
  Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• From screens to scenes: A survey of embodied AI in healthcare
  Yihao Liu, Xu Cao, Tingting Chen, Yankai Jiang, Junjie You, Minghua Wu, Xiaosong Wang, Mengling Feng, Yaochu Jin, Jintai Chen
  Information Fusion.2025; 119: 103033.     CrossRef
• Artificial intelligence in stroke rehabilitation: From acute care to long-term recovery
  Spandana Rajendra Kopalli, Madhu Shukla, B. Jayaprakash, Mayank Kundlas, Ankur Srivastava, Jayant Jagtap, Monica Gulati, Sridevi Chigurupati, Eiman Ibrahim, Prasanna Shama Khandige, Dario Salguero Garcia, Sushruta Koppula, Amin Gasmi
  Neuroscience.2025; 572: 214.     CrossRef
• Deep Learning for Predicting Rehabilitation Success: Advancing Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcome Modeling
  Yasser Mahmoud, Kaleb Horvath, Yi Zhou
  Electronics.2025; 14(6): 1082.     CrossRef
• AI-Driven Telerehabilitation: Benefits and Challenges of a Transformative Healthcare Approach
  Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Sepehr Mojdehdehbaher
  AI.2025; 6(3): 62.     CrossRef
• Harnessing Generative Artificial Intelligence for Exercise and Training Prescription: Applications and Implications in Sports and Physical Activity—A Systematic Literature Review
  Luca Puce, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Antonio Currà, Carlo Trompetto
  Applied Sciences.2025; 15(7): 3497.     CrossRef
• Functional and motoric outcome of AI-assisted stroke rehabilitation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Tivano Antoni, Benedictus Benedictus, Stefanus Erdana Putra
  Brain Disorders.2025; 18: 100224.     CrossRef
• Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review on Diagnostic Approaches, Treatment Modalities and Recent Advances
  Anjani Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Pandey, Sanyal Kumar, Amit Kumar Mallik, Debasish Jena
  Indian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2025; 35(2): 59.     CrossRef
• Applying AI to Safely and Effectively Scale Care to Address Chronic MSK Conditions
  Anabela C. Areias, Dora Janela, Robert G. Moulder, Maria Molinos, Virgílio Bento, Carolina Moreira, Vijay Yanamadala, Fernando Dias Correia, Fabíola Costa
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(15): 4366.     CrossRef
• RETRACTED ARTICLE: Using AI to navigate complex neurosurgical procedures in rare gliomas
  Mayur Wanjari, Gaurav Mittal, Roshan Prasad
  Neurosurgical Review.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Quantifying Asymmetric Gait Pattern Changes Using a Hidden Markov Model Similarity Measure (HMM-SM) on Inertial Sensor Signals
  Gabriel Ng, Aliaa Gouda, Jan Andrysek
  Sensors.2024; 24(19): 6431.     CrossRef
• Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education and Mentoring in Rehabilitation Medicine
  Julie K. Silver, Mustafa Reha Dodurgali, Nara Gavini
  American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2024; 103(11): 1039.     CrossRef
• Artificial Intelligence and Its Revolutionary Role in Physical and Mental Rehabilitation: A Review of Recent Advancements
  Amir Rahmani Rasa, Alejandro L. Borja
  BioMed Research International.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Enhanced gait tracking measures for individuals with stroke using leg-worn inertial sensors
  Francesco Lanotte, Shusuke Okita, Megan K. O’Brien, Arun Jayaraman
  Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Citations

• Combined effects and timing of robotic training and botulinum toxin on upper limb spasticity and motor function: a single‑blinded randomized controlled pilot study
  Joon-Ho Shin, Gyulee Park, Hayeon Kim, Duk Youn Cho, Suncheol Kwon
  Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To examine activities of daily living (ADL) and physical activity in older adults with heart failure admitted to a rehabilitation ward for subacute musculoskeletal disease.
Methods
This study included patients with musculoskeletal disease (aged ≥75 years) who were admitted to the rehabilitation ward. Data on age, ADL, and time for physical activity (metabolic equivalents [METs]) were collected. Patients were divided into groups with or without heart failure, and the differences were compared using Mann–Whitney U-test.
Results
This study included 84 musculoskeletal patients, including 25 with heart failure. The heart-failure group had similar levels of ADL independence compared to the without-heart-failure group (p=0.28) but had shorter duration of continuous and sustained physical activities and less total time (p<0.01) of light-intensity physical activity or higher.
Conclusion
Older adults with subacute musculoskeletal disease with heart failure do not necessarily require a large amount of physical activity to maintain ADL at the time of discharge. But very low physical activity may increase the risk for developing hospitalization-associated disability. Physical activity in older adults with subacute musculoskeletal disease with heart failure should be monitored separately from ADL.

Citations

• Relationship between independence in activities of daily living at discharge and physical activity at admission of older postoperative hip fracture rehabilitation inpatients: A retrospective case‐control study
  Tomoko Shimizu, Chiaki Kanai, Yasuyoshi Asakawa
  Physiotherapy Research International.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the Causal Effects of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Diet on Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: A Multivariable Mendelian Randomisation Analysis
  Yunong Zhang, Ye Tao, Hyunsoo Choi, Haonan Qian
  Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4055.     CrossRef

Objective
To translate and culturally adapt the Information Needs in Cardiac Rehabilitation (INCR) questionnaire into Korean and perform psychometric validation.
Methods
The original English version of the INCR, in which patients are asked to rate the importance of 55 topics, was translated into Korean (INCR-K) and culturally adapted. The INCR-K was tested on 101 cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participants at Kangwon National University Hospital and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital in Korea. Structural validity was assessed using principal component analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha of the areas was computed. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing information needs according to CR duration and knowledge sufficiency according to receipt of education. Half of the participants were randomly selected for 1 month of re-testing to assess their responsiveness.
Results
Following cognitive debriefing, the number of items was reduced to 41 and ratings were added to assess participants’ sufficient knowledge of each item. The INCR-K structure comprised eight areas, each with sufficient internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha>0.7). Criterion validity was supported by significant differences in mean INCR-K scores based on CR duration and knowledge sufficiency ratings according to receipt of education (p<0.05). Information needs and knowledge sufficiency ratings increased after 1 month of CR, thus supporting responsiveness (p<0.05).
Conclusion
The INCR-K demonstrated adequate face, content, cross-cultural, structural, and criterion validities, internal consistency, and responsiveness. Information needs changed with CR, such that multiple assessments of information needs may be warranted as rehabilitation progresses to facilitate patient-centered education.

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of combining physiotherapy techniques with conservative medical treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients.
Methods
Sixty-eight volunteers with CRS were randomly assigned. Group A received only traditional medical treatment, whereas group B received a physiotherapy program that included pulsed ultrasound therapy, sinus manual drainage techniques, and self-sinus massage technique in addition to traditional medical treatment. Interventions were applied 3 sessions a week for 4 weeks. The rhinosinusitis disability index (RSDI) served as the main outcome indicator for assessing the quality of life, and the secondary outcome measure was the pressure pain threshold (PPT) using a pressure algometer.
Results
Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed a significant reduction (p<0.001) in total RSDI values from 71.08±1.13 pretest to 47.14±1.15 posttest for group A, while it decreased from 70.64±1.20 pretreatment to 31.76±1.04 posttreatment for group B; furthermore, Mann–Whitney U-test revealed a significant difference (p<0.001) in total RSDI values between both groups when comparing the change of the pre-post data values, it was 23.94±0.95 for group A and 38.88±0.67 for group B. The independent t-test revealed a highly statistically significant increase (p<0.001) in the PPT values in the experimental group compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The physiotherapy program which included pulsed ultrasound therapy, sinus manual drainage technique, and self-sinus massage technique in conjunction with conventional medical treatment was more beneficial for enhancing the quality of life and PPT than traditional medical treatment alone in CRS patients.

Objective
To analyze the epidemiological information of patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to suggest points to be aware of during the initial physical examination of patients with SCI.
Methods
This study was a retrospective, observational study conducted in a regional trauma center. All the records of patients diagnosed with traumatic SCI between 2016 and 2020 were reviewed. A total of 627 patients with confirmed traumatic SCI were hospitalized. A retrospective study was conducted on 363 individuals.
Results
The epidemiological data of 363 individuals were investigated. Changes in American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) scores in patients with SCI were evaluated. The initial evaluation was performed on average 11 days after the injury, and a follow-up examination was performed 43 days after. Fourteen of the 24 patients identified as having AIS A and SCI with concomitant TBI in the initial evaluation showed neurologic level of injury (NLI) recovery with AIS B or more. The conversion rate in patients with SCI and concomitant TBI exceeded that reported in previous studies in individuals with SCI.
Conclusions
Physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments caused by TBI present significant challenges in rehabilitating patients with SCI. In this study, the influence of concomitant TBI lesions could have caused the initial AIS assessment to be incorrect.

Citations

• Neurologic Decline After Spinal Cord Injury
  Zakari R. Dymock, Sara Shahid Salles
  Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America.2025; 36(1): 47.     CrossRef
• Screening and outcomes of co-occurring traumatic brain injury among people with spinal cord injury: a scoping review
  Deborah L. Snell, Phoebe Wynands, Jennifer Dunn, Joanne Nunnerley, Alice Theadom
  Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.2025; 57: jrm41897.     CrossRef
• The Critical Management of Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review
  Emilio Moreno-González, Antonio Ibarra
  Clinics and Practice.2024; 15(1): 2.     CrossRef

Objective
To demonstrate the association between the physical and functional characteristics of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and suicidality, an area of research that is less understood than the association with demographic, social, and psychological characteristics.
Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 259 patients with SCI admitted for rehabilitation at the National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, between January 2019 and December 2021. Demographic, SCI-related, physical, and functional data were collected from their medical records. Suicide risk was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.
Results
The 259 participants had an average age of 49.1 years, and 75.7% were male. The analysis revealed a statistically significant negative correlation between age and suicidality. No significant differences were found for sex, education, occupation, or SCI-related factors. Lower upper extremity motor score (UEMS) was significantly associated with higher suicide risk. Regarding functional factors, the inability to perform independent rolling, come to sit, wheelchair propelling, and self-driving were associated with increased suicidality. In the multiple linear regression analysis, lower UEMS, limited shoulder joint motion, upper extremity spasticity, and dependent wheelchair propulsion were predictors of higher suicide risk.
Conclusion
This study highlights the associations among physical status, functional dependency, and suicide risk in individuals with SCI. These findings emphasize the need to address psychological aspects and physical and functional factors in the management of individuals with SCI who are at a high risk of suicide.

Citations

• A Case Report of a Patient with Suicidal Trauma, Abdominal Surgery, and Short Bowel Syndrome
  Ghasem Zarei, Iman Nariman, Hosein Ghaderi-Zefrhi, Mohamad Sadegh Aboutalebi
  Journal of Surgery and Trauma.2024; 12(4): 160.     CrossRef

Objective
To translate the 22-item Longer-term Unmet Needs after Stroke (LUNS) questionnaire, validate it in the Korean stroke population, and assess the reliability of face-to-face and telephone surveys.
Methods
Sixty-six adult patients with stroke from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Kangwon National University Hospital were involved in the validation. Participants were interviewed twice using the LUNS Korean version: first, a face-to-face survey for validation, and second, a telephone survey for test-retest reliability. Participants completed the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI) and Short Form 12 (SF-12) Mental and Physical Component Summary (MCS and PCS) scores at the first interview. For concurrent validity, the differences in health status (FAI, SF-12 MCS and PCS) between the groups that reported unmet needs and those that did not were analyzed for each item. Cohen’s kappa and percentage of agreement between the first and second administrations were calculated for each item to determine the test-retest reliability.
Results
The average age of the participants was 61.2±12.8 years and 74.2% were male. Fifty-seven patients were involved in the second interview. Depending on the unmet needs, SF-12 MCS, PCS, and FAI were significantly different in 12 of 22 items. In the test-retest reliability test, 12 items had a kappa of 0.6 or higher, and two had a kappa of <0.4.
Conclusion
The LUNS instrument into Korean (LUNS-K) is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing unmet health needs in patients with stroke. In addition, telephone surveys can be considered reliable.

Citations

• Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the longer-term Unmet Needs after Stroke monitoring tool for stroke patients
  Fanling Li, Chang Gao, Yan Qu, Xiaohong Hu, Yue Ma, Wenxuan Ding, Xiaomei Li, Jingjun Zhang
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2024; : 1.     CrossRef

Objective
To systematically review the effects of protein supplementation in older adults with sarcopenia.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases until May 2023. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials with a quantitative study design; (2) studies with a study group of older adults with sarcopenia; (3) studies comparing muscle mass, muscle strength, and performance of older adults with sarcopenia after protein supplementation; and (4) studies published up to May 2023.
Results
Six retrospective comparative studies, including 715 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The nutritional supplementation group exhibited significant improvement in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24–0.58; p<0.001; I²=1%), while handgrip strength (SMD=0.37; 95% CI, -0.32–1.07; p=0.29; I²=94%) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (SMD=0.35; 95% CI, -0.47–1.18; p=0.40; I²=94%) showed a tendency for improvement.
Conclusion
Nutritional supplementation with protein increased appendicular muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia and improved handgrip strength and SPPB scores.

Citations

• Age-related and cancer-related sarcopenia: is there a difference?
  Federico Bozzetti
  Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care.2024; 27(5): 410.     CrossRef
• Protein‐enriched soup and weekly exercise improve muscle health: A randomized trial in mid‐to‐old age with inadequate protein intake
  Li‐Ning Peng, Ming‐Hsien Lin, Sung‐Hua Tseng, Ko‐Han Yen, Huei‐Fang Lee, Fei‐Yuan Hsiao, Liang‐Kung Chen
  Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2024; 15(4): 1348.     CrossRef
• SuperAgers and centenarians, dynamics of healthy ageing with cognitive resilience
  Md Ariful Islam, Ujala Sehar, Omme Fatema Sultana, Upasana Mukherjee, Malcolm Brownell, Sudhir Kshirsagar, P. Hemachandra Reddy
  Mechanisms of Ageing and Development.2024; 219: 111936.     CrossRef
• Consumption of protein supplements/protein-fortified foods among young adults in Jeju
  Hyoju Lee, Youjeong Jang, Sumin Kim, Kyungho Ha
  Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(2): 261.     CrossRef
• Impact of increased protein intake in older adults: a 12-week double-blind randomised controlled trial
  Janine Wirth, Annalisa Segat, Katy Horner, Domenico Crognale, Thomas Smith, Maurice O’Sullivan, Lorraine Brennan
  Age and Ageing.2024; 53(Supplement): ii13.     CrossRef
• Nutrition resilience for healthy ageing
  Claire T McEvoy, Colin D McClure
  Age and Ageing.2024; 53(Supplement): ii1.     CrossRef
• Study of whey protein on muscle mass and functional rehabilitation in postoperative total knee arthroplasty patients
  Mengshi Li, Qiongfang Shi, Xinle Che, Xingyan Du, Dongming Wang, Yufeng Song
  Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.2024; 37(5): 1381.     CrossRef
• Functional status of the cardiovascular system in elderly patients with sarcopenia
  Iu. Samoilova, M. Matveeva, D. Podchinenova, Ya. Yakimova, L. Shuliko, V. Avkhimenko, D. Kudlay, E. Samoylov, E. Khoroshunova, A. Ragimov
  Vrach.2024; : 48.     CrossRef

Objective
To systematically review the efficacy of e-Health interventions on physical performance, activity and quality of life in older adults with sarcopenia or frailty.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted by searching the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINHAL, Web of Science, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database for experimental studies published in English from 1990 to 2021. E-Health studies investigating physical activity, physical performance, quality of life, and activity of daily living assessment in adults aged ≥65 years with sarcopenia or frailty were selected.
Results
Among the 3,164 identified articles screened, a total of 4 studies complied with the inclusion criteria. The studies were heterogeneous by participant characteristics, type of e-Health intervention, and outcome measurement. Age criteria for participant selection and sex distribution were different between studies. Each study used different criteria for frailty, and no study used sarcopenia as a selection criteria. E-Health interventions were various across studies. Two studies used frailty status as an outcome measure and showed conflicting results. Muscle strength was assessed in 2 studies, and meta-analysis showed statistically significant improvement after intervention (standardized mean difference, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.94; p=0.80, I²=0%).
Conclusion
This systematic review found insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of e-Health interventions. Nevertheless, the studies included in this review showed positive effects of e-Health interventions on improving muscle strength, physical activity, and quality of life in older adults with frailty.

Citations

• A multidisciplinary telemedicine approach for managing frailty in Parkinson's disease. A longitudinal, case-control study
  Álvaro García-Bustillo, José Miguel Ramírez-Sanz, José Luis Garrido-Labrador, Alicia Olivares-Gil, Florita Valiñas-Sieiro, Marta Allende-Río, Josefa González-Santos, Jerónimo Javier González-Bernal, Maha Jahouh, Sara Calvo-Simal, Lucía Simón-Vicente, Nati
  Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2025; 130: 107215.     CrossRef
• Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR)
  Mikel Izquierdo, Philipe de Souto Barreto, Hidenori Arai, Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, Eduardo L. Cadore, Matteo Cesari, Liang-Kung Chen, Paul M. Coen, Kerry S. Courneya, Gustavo Duque, Luigi Ferrucci, Roger A. Fielding, Antonio García-Hermoso, Luis Miguel
  The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2025; 29(1): 100401.     CrossRef
• What are end-users’ needs and preferences for a comprehensive e-health program for type 2 diabetes? – A qualitative user preference study
  Tina Rishaug, Anne-Marie Aas, André Henriksen, Gunnar Hartvigsen, Kåre Inge Birkeland, Eirik Årsand, Ai Theng Cheong,
  PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0318876.     CrossRef
• The Impact of Depression and Leisure Activities on E-Health Literacy Among Older Adults: A Cross-Cultural Study in the EU and Japan
  Kumi Morishita-Suzuki, Toshimi Ogawa, Roberta Bevilacqua, Sebastien Dacunha, Vera Stara, Johanna Möller, Cecilia Palmier, Asako Ohara, Ai Abe, Denilson Brilliant T., Maribel Pino, Rainer Wieching, Elvira Maranesi, Anne-Sophie Rigaud, Shuichiro Watanabe, V
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2025; 22(3): 403.     CrossRef
• Evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for preventing or reversing physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults aged over 50 years: overview of systematic reviews
  Annemarie Money, Aylish MacKenzie, Amelia Parchment, Gill Norman, Danielle Harris, Saima Ahmed, Lisa McGarrigle, Helen Hawley-Hague, Chris Todd
  BMC Geriatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Digital health interventions for non-older individuals at risk of frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Momoko Tohyama, Ryo Momosaki, Yuka Shirai, Kenta Ushida, Yuki Kato, Miho Shimizu, Issei Kameda, Yuya Sakurai, Asuka Hori, Masatsugu Okamura, Takahiro Tsuge, Hiroki Sato, Yuki Nakashima, Kaori Endo, Shota Hayashi, Norio Yamamoto, Daisuke Matsumoto, Kenichi
  DIGITAL HEALTH.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Current and Future Challenges for Rehabilitation for Inflammatory Arthritis
  Rikke Helene Moe, Thea P. M. Vliet Vlieland
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(6): 1808.     CrossRef
• Frail Older Adults' Needs and Preferences for Mobile Health Exercise Interventions Guided by Nudge Theory: AQualitative Analysis
  Ruotong Peng, Zeng Cao, Shaolong Hu, Xinzhou Liu, Yongzhen Guo, Xiaoyang Li, Chi Zhang, Hui Feng
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Real-Time Web-Based Intervention with a Multicomponent Group-Based Program for Older Adults: Single-Arm Feasibility Study
  Tsubasa Nakada, Kayo Kurotani, Takako Kozawa, Satoshi Seino, Shinichi Murota, Miki Eto, Junko Shimasawa, Yumiko Shimizu, Shinobu Tsurugano, Fuminori Katsukawa, Kazunori Sakamoto, Hironori Washizaki, Yo Ishigaki, Maki Sakamoto, Keiki Takadama, Keiji Yanai,
  Healthcare.2024; 12(23): 2365.     CrossRef

Sarcopenic dysphagia is characterized by weakness of swallowing-related muscles associated with whole-body sarcopenia. As the number of patients with sarcopenia increases with the aging of the world, the number of patients with sarcopenic dysphagia is also increasing. The prevalence of sarcopenic dysphagia is high in the institutionalized older people and in patients hospitalized for pneumonia with dysphagia in acute care hospitals. Prevention, early detection and intervention of sarcopenic dysphagia with rehabilitation nutrition are essential. The diagnosis of sarcopenic dysphagia is based on skeletal and swallowing muscle strength and muscle mass. A reliable and validated diagnostic algorithm for sarcopenic dysphagia is used. Sarcopenic dysphagia is associated with malnutrition, which leads to mortality and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) decline. The rehabilitation nutrition approach improves swallowing function, nutrition status, and ADL. A combination of aggressive nutrition therapy to improve nutrition status, dysphagia rehabilitation, physical therapy, and other interventions can be effective for sarcopenic dysphagia. The rehabilitation nutrition care process is used to assess and problem solve the patient’s pathology, sarcopenia, and nutrition status. The simplified rehabilitation nutrition care process consists of a nutrition cycle and a rehabilitation cycle, each with five steps: assessment, diagnosis, goal setting, intervention, and monitoring. Nutrition professionals and teams implement the nutrition cycle. Rehabilitation professionals and teams implement the rehabilitation cycle. Both cycles should be done simultaneously. The nutrition diagnosis of undernutrition, overnutrition/obesity, sarcopenia, and goal setting of rehabilitation and body weight are implemented collaboratively.

Citations

• Dual burden of sarcopenia and impaired oral status on activities of daily living, cognition and swallowing outcomes in post-stroke patients
  Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Fumihiko Nagano, Ayaka Matsumoto, Sayuri Shimazu, Ai Shiraishi, Yoshifumi Kido, Takahiro Bise, Takenori Hamada, Kouki Yoneda
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2025; 129: 105648.     CrossRef
• Progress in dysphagia management in older patients
  Gero Lueg, Maryam Pourhassan, Rainer Wirth
  Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care.2025; 28(1): 14.     CrossRef
• The rehabilitation nutrition oral care process: Implementing the triad of rehabilitation, nutrition, and oral management
  Hidetaka Wakabayashi
  Journal of General and Family Medicine.2025; 26(2): 114.     CrossRef
• Association of antipsychotic drugs and tongue strength in patients with dysphagia: A cross-sectional study
  Hiroki Maki, Akio Shimizu, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
  Geriatric Nursing.2025; : 103334.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review
  Renata Marchewka, Tomasz Trzmiel, Katarzyna Hojan
  Brain Sciences.2024; 14(5): 430.     CrossRef
• Malnutrition and cachexia may affect death but not functional improvement in patients with sarcopenic dysphagia
  Mai Yamanaka, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
  European Geriatric Medicine.2024; 15(3): 777.     CrossRef
• Association between sarcopenia and urinary dysfunction in patients with dysphagia
  Shingo Kakehi, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Eri Isono, Ryohei Takemura, Yuka Sato, Yukiko Otsuka, Takako Nagai, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2024; 127: 105577.     CrossRef
• Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia With Sarcopenic Dysphagia by Rehabilitation and Nutritional Support: A Case Report
  Fumiko Furukawa, Kiyohito Kakita
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nutritional care in older adults: are we doing everything? An expert opinion review
  Elisabet Sanchez-Garcia, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, Paula Ravasco, Merja Suominen, Prof Kaisu Pitkälä
  Current Medical Research and Opinion.2024; 40(9): 1563.     CrossRef
• Age and sex differences in sarcopenic dysphagia: A secondary data analysis
  Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Shingo Kakehi, Ayano Nagano, Masako Kishima, Masataka Itoda, Shinta Nishioka, Ryo Momosaki
  Journal of General and Family Medicine.2024; 25(6): 343.     CrossRef
• Triad of rehabilitation, nutrition support, and oral management improves activities of daily living and muscle health in hospitalized patients after stroke
  Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Sayuri Shimazu, Ai Shiraishi, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Fumihiko Nagano, Ayaka Matsumoto, Yoshifumi Kido, Takahiro Bise, Aomi Kuzuhara, Takenori Hamada, Kouki Yoneda
  Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2024; 63: 837.     CrossRef
• The Prevalence and Prognosis of Cachexia in Patients with Non-Sarcopenic Dysphagia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
  Shingo Kakehi, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Takako Nagai, Shinta Nishioka, Eri Isono, Yukiko Otsuka, Junki Ninomiya, Ryo Momosaki
  Nutrients.2024; 16(17): 2917.     CrossRef

Post-stroke spastic movement disorder (PS-SMD) develops in up to 40% of stroke survivors after a first ever stroke within the first year. Chronic PS-SMD is often associated with severe disabilities and complications, emphasizing the importance of its early recognition and early adequate management. Extensive research has aimed to accurately predict and sensitively detect a PS-SMD. Symptomatic therapies include conventional rehabilitation and local intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A). The latter is widely used, but primarily in the chronic phase of stroke. However, recent studies have shown the safety and efficacy of BoNT-A therapy even in the acute phase and early sub-acute phase after stroke, i.e., within three months post-stroke, leading to an improved long-term outcome in stroke rehabilitation. Local BoNT-A injections evolve as the primary approach in focal, multifocal, and segmental chronic or acute/subacute PS-SMD. Patients at high risk for or manifest PS-SMD should be identified by an early spasticity risk assessment. By doing so, PS-SMD can be integral part of the patient-centered goal-setting process of a multiprofessional spasticity-experienced team. The benefit of an early PS-SMD treatment by BoNT-A should predominate putative degenerative muscle changes due to long-term BoNT-A therapy by far. This, as early treatment effectively avoids complications typically associated with a PS-SMD, i.e., contractures, pain, skin lesions. The management of PS-SMD requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Early assessment, patient-centered goal setting, early intervention, and early use of BoNT-A therapy prevents from PS-SMD complications and may improve rehabilitation outcome after stroke.

Citations

• How many stroke survivors develop problematic spasticity requiring pharmacological therapy? An international (Europe and USA) observational study protocol
  Richard D Zorowitz, Laura Serrano Barrenechea, Simon Butet, Sergiu Groppa, David Hernández Herrero, Rama Prasad, Susan Sandars, Seema Meloni, Simon Page, Pascal Maisonobe, Alessandro Picelli
  BMJ Open.2025; 15(1): e087404.     CrossRef
• The Role of Botulinum Toxin Type-A in Spasticity: Research Trends from a Bibliometric Analysis
  Salvatore Facciorusso, Stefania Spina, Alessandro Picelli, Alessio Baricich, Gerard E. Francisco, Franco Molteni, Jörg Wissel, Andrea Santamato
  Toxins.2024; 16(4): 184.     CrossRef
• Botulinum Toxin in Treatments for Abnormal Movements
  María Gabriela González Chico, Xaviera Elizabeth Medina Godoy, Miliana Esperanza Estupiñan Bazurto, María José López Becerra
  Más Vita.2024; 6(2): 82.     CrossRef
• Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNT-A) Use for Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Multicenter Study Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning
  María Jesús Antón, Montserrat Molina, José Gabriel Pérez, Santiago Pina, Noemí Tapiador, Beatriz De La Calle, Mónica Martínez, Paula Ortega, María Belén Ruspaggiari, Consuelo Tudela, Marta Conejo, Pedro Leno, Marta López, Carmen Marhuenda, Carlos Arias-Ca
  Toxins.2024; 16(8): 340.     CrossRef
• Risk factors for post-stroke spasticity: a retrospective study
  Chuanxi Zhu, Lingxu Li, Long Qiu, Guangcheng Ji
  Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Early is Better, Then, How Early and How to Apply: Practical Approach of Botulinum Toxin Injection
  Joon-Ho Shin
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 47(6): 439.     CrossRef

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant health challenge globally, including in Korea, due to its status as a leading cause of death and its impact on cardiopulmonary function. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a well-established program that not only aids in restoring cardiopulmonary function, but also improves physical and social conditions. The benefits of CR are widely recognized, and it is implemented globally. While the effectiveness of CR has been proven in Korea, it is underutilized. This fact sheet summarizes the current status of CR in Korea, including the prevalence of CVD, the clinical practice guidelines for CR programs, and the challenges of implementing CR in Korea.

Citations

• The Accessibility and Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Pandemic Era
  Chul Kim, Jun Hyeong Song, Seung Hyoun Kim
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(4): 249.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation with Optimized Exercise Prescriptions Using a Mobile Healthcare App in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Hyun-Seok Jo, Hyeong-Min Kim, Chae-Hyun Go, Hae-Young Yu, Hyeng-Kyu Park, Jae-Young Han
  Life.2024; 14(9): 1122.     CrossRef
• Cardiac rehabilitation for patients with coronary artery disease
  Jang Woo Lee
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(9): 566.     CrossRef

Citations

• Responsiveness and Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure Among Patients With Frozen Shoulder
  Sun Woo Kim, Ji Young Lim, Seonghee Kim, Jong Geol Do, Jong In Lee, Ji Hye Hwang
  The American Journal of Occupational Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Arthroscopic dual-bone tunnel repair for palmer type IB injuries of the triangular fibrocartilage complex
  Zhen Yin, Weibo Zhou, Jiayi Ma, Jie Chen, Fulin Zhou
  BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness (DT), and indices of sarcopenia.
Methods
This study included 45 healthy elderly volunteers (21 male and 24 female) aged 65 years or older. Sarcopenia indices, including hand grip strength (HGS) and body mass index-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM/BMI), were measured using a hand grip dynamometer and bioimpedance analysis, respectively. Calf circumference (CC) and gait speed were also measured. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were obtained using a spirometer, as a measure of respiratory muscle strength. DT was evaluated through ultrasonography. The association between indices of sarcopenia, respiratory muscle strength, and DT was evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation test, and univariate and multiple regression analysis.
Results
ASM/BMI (r=0.609, p<0.01), CC (r=0.499, p<0.01), HGS (r=0.759, p<0.01), and gait speed (r=0.319, p<0.05) were significantly correlated with DT. In the univariate linear regression analysis, MIP was significantly associated with age (p=0.003), DT (p<0.001), HGS (p=0.002), CC (p=0.013), and gait speed (p=0.026). MEP was significantly associated with sex (p=0.001), BMI (p=0.033), ASM/BMI (p=0.003), DT (p<0.001), HGS (p<0.001), CC (p=0.001) and gait speed (p=0.004). In the multiple linear regression analysis, age (p=0.001), DT (p<0.001), and ASM/BMI (p=0.008) showed significant association with MIP. DT (p<0.001) and gait speed (p=0.050) were associated with MEP.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that respiratory muscle strength is associated with DT and indices of sarcopenia. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.

Citations

• The Role of Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Identifying Sarcopenia in COPD Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Nur Aleyna Yetkin, Sibel Akın, Derya Kocaslan, Burcu Baran, Bilal Rabahoglu, Fatma Sema Oymak, Nuri Tutar, İnci Gulmez
  International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.2025; Volume 20: 1.     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Diaphragm Function and Sarcopenia Assessed by Ultrasound: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Takahiro Shinohara, Toru Yamada, Shuji Ouchi, Suguru Mabuchi, Ryoichi Hanazawa, Kazuharu Nakagawa, Kanako Yoshimi, Tatsuya Mayama, Ayane Horike, Kenji Toyoshima, Yoshiaki Tamura, Atsushi Araki, Haruka Tohara, Akihiro Hirakawa, Takuma Kimura, Takeshi Ishid
  Diagnostics.2025; 15(1): 90.     CrossRef
• Descriptive Epidemiology and Prognostic Significance of Diaphragm Thickness in the General Population: The Nagahama Study
  Yasuharu Tabara, Takeshi Matsumoto, Kimihiko Murase, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Kazuya Setoh, Tomoko Wakamura, Toyohiro Hirai, Kazuo Chin, Fumihiko Matsuda
  Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Diaphragm thickness and ICU admission risk in elderly COVID-19 patients: a CT-based analysis
  Mercan Tastemur, Cagla Ozdemir, Esin Olcucuoğlu, Gunes Arik, Ihsan Ates, Kamile Silay
  BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Relationship Between Handgrip Strength and Lung Function in Adults: The Role of Sex and Age
  Shiqi Deng, Urme Binte Sayeed, Yukiko Wagatsuma
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Definition, diagnosis, and treatment of respiratory sarcopenia
  Shinjiro Miyazaki, Akira Tamaki, Hidetaka Wakabayashi, Hidenori Arai
  Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care.2024; 27(3): 210.     CrossRef
• Diaphragm Ultrasound in Different Clinical Scenarios: A Review with a Focus on Older Patients
  Carmine Siniscalchi, Antonio Nouvenne, Nicoletta Cerundolo, Tiziana Meschi, Andrea Ticinesi
  Geriatrics.2024; 9(3): 70.     CrossRef
• Appropriate body position and site for diaphragm ultrasound: Comparison with inspiratory mouth pressure
  Kazunori Okada, Akiko Kamiya, Yusuke Yanagi, Masahiro Nakabachi, Yasuhiro Hayashi, Michito Murayama, Sanae Kaga
  WFUMB Ultrasound Open.2024; 2(2): 100052.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of the Functional Reserve and Exercise Tolerance in Patients with CHF in Clinical Trials (Consent Document of the Editorial board of the Journal of Cardiology, the Board of the Society of Specialists in Heart Failure (SSHF) and Working Group “N
  Yu. L. Begrambekova, G. P. Arutynov, M. G. Glezer, N. A. Karanadze, E. A. Kolesnikova, T. A. Lelyavina, A. S. Lishuta, Ya. A. Orlova, Yu. N. Belenkov
  Kardiologiia.2024; 64(7): 4.     CrossRef
• Validating respiratory sarcopenia diagnostic criteria by mortality based on a position paper by four professional organizations: Insights from the Otassha study
  Takeshi Kera, Hisashi Kawai, Manami Ejiri, Keigo Imamura, Hirohiko Hirano, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Kazushige Ihara, Shuichi Obuchi
  Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2024; 24(9): 948.     CrossRef
• Evaluating Respiratory Muscle Strength in Sarcopenia Screening among Older Men in South Korea: A Retrospective Analysis
  Tae Sung Park, Sa-Eun Park, Ki-Hun Kim, Sang Hun Kim, Myung Hun Jang, Myung-Jun Shin, Yun Kyung Jeon
  The World Journal of Men's Health.2024; 42(4): 890.     CrossRef
• Tongue pressure, respiratory muscle and limb strength and functional exercise capacity in oesophageal cancer
  Takuya Fukushima, Makoto Yamasaki, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Yasuaki Arima, Takashi Harino, Soshi Hori, Yuki Hashimoto, Masaya Kotsuka, Kentaro Inoue, Kimitaka Hase, Jiro Nakano
  BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care.2024; 14(4): 434.     CrossRef

Objective
To evaluate the reliability and validity of this new measure, called the caregivers’ fear of falling index (CFFI).
Methods
The study surveyed home-based rehabilitation patients with fall-related fracture, and their primary caregivers. The characteristics of these patients were evaluated, and the caregivers were surveyed using the CFFI and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). The reliability of the CFFI was assessed using item-total correlation, while the validity of the CFFI was evaluated through correlation coefficients calculated between the CFFI and the FES-I.
Results
The participants were 51 patient-caregiver pairs. The internal consistency of the CFFI showed an alpha coefficient of 0.904. No items were excluded in the corrected item-total correlations. The CFFI showed a moderate correlation with FES-I (r=0.432, p=0.002).
Conclusion
This study found the CFFI to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring the primary caregivers’ fear. The CFFI may be a useful tool for healthcare professionals to identify and supporting these primary caregivers.

Citations

• Assessment tools of the fear of falling: A scoping review
  Xing Xie, Jingjing Fu, Le Chen, Zhe Gao, Ruiying Zhang, Guifei Li
  Geriatric Nursing.2024; 60: 643.     CrossRef
• Association between Caregivers’ Fear of Post-fracture Patients Falling and a Decline in Patients’ Activities
  Tomohiro Kakehi, Masashi Zenta, Takuya Ishimori, Naoki Tamura, Hiromu Wada, Masahiko Bessho, Wataru Kakuda
  Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 8: n/a.     CrossRef

Objective
To investigate the relationship between the torque onset angle (TOA) of the isokinetic test for knee extensors in the paretic side and walking related balance in subacute stroke patients.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients with first-ever strokes who have had at least two isokinetic tests within 6 months of onset. 102 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. The characteristics of walking related balance were measured with the Berg Balance Scale sub-score (sBBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), 10-m Walk Test (10MWT) and Functional Independence Measure sub-score (sFIM). The second isokinetic test values of the knee extensor such as peak torque, peak torque to weight ratio, hamstring/quadriceps ratio, TOA, torque stop angle, torque at 30 degrees, and peak torque asymmetry ratio between paretic and non-paretic limb were also taken into account. Pearson’s correlation, simple regression and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between TOA and walking related balance.
Results
TOA of the knee extensor of the paretic limb showed significant correlations with BBS, sBBS, TUG, 10MWT, and sFIM according to Pearson’s correlation analysis. TOA also had moderate to good correlations with walking related balance parameters in partial correlation analysis. In multiple regression analysis, TOA of the paretic knee extensor was significantly associated with walking related balance parameters.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that TOA of the paretic knee extensor is a predictable parameter of walking related balance. Moreover, we suggest that the ability to recruit muscle quickly is important in walking related balance.

Objective
To determine the effects of lower limb muscle fatigue on spatiotemporal gait parameters and turning difficulty characteristics during the extended Timed Up and Go (extended TUG) test in individuals with different severity stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Methods
Forty individuals with PD, classified as Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages 2 and 3 participated in this pre- and post-experimental study design. The participants performed a continuous sit-to-stand task from a chair based on 30 cycles/min set-up to induce lower limb muscle fatigue. They performed extended TUG test immediately before and after completing the fatigue protocol. Spatiotemporal gait parameters and turning difficulty characteristics were recorded using two GoPro® Hero 4 Silver cameras. Data were subjected to a repeated-measure ANOVA.
Results
Individuals with PD experience significant changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters, specifically stride velocity and length, under conditions of lower limb muscle fatigue (p=0.001). These changes were more pronounced in individuals with PD in the H&Y stage 3 group. Additionally, both PD groups exhibited difficulty with turning, requiring more than five steps to complete a 180° turn and taking more than 3 seconds to accomplish it.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the impact of muscle fatigue on gait performance in PD and suggest that individuals in later stages of the disease may be particularly affected. Further research is needed to explore interventions that can mitigate these gait impairments and improve mobility in individuals with PD.

Citations

• Comparison of stimulation sites enhancing dual-task performance using transcranial direct current stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
  Seo Jung Yun, Sung Eun Hyun, Woo Hyung Lee, Byung-Mo Oh, Han Gil Seo
  npj Parkinson's Disease.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Better Understanding Rehabilitation of Motor Symptoms: Insights from the Use of Wearables
  Yunus Celik, Conor Wall, Jason Moore, Alan Godfrey
  Pragmatic and Observational Research.2025; Volume 16: 67.     CrossRef

Objective
To compare the efficacy of home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) and center-based cardiac rehabilitation (CBCR) in cardiovascular risk factor management.
Methods
We performed retrospective review of the electronic medical records of 72 patients who were hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome and participated in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program for the first time. The participants were stratified into the HBCR group, receiving educational programs and performing self-exercise at home, and the CBCR group, participating in electrocardiogram monitoring monitoring exercise training in hospital settings. The results of the Lifestyle Questionnaire survey were investigated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.
Results
Both groups showed significant improvements in serum low-density lipoprotein levels, frequency of alcohol consumption, eating habits and psychological status. Moderate-intensity exercise duration and the maximal metabolic equivalents values improved significantly in both groups but slightly more in the CBCR group. However, the number of current smokers increased in both groups, and no significant changes were found in body mass index, serum glycated hemoglobin levels, serum high-density lipoprotein levels, or high-intensity exercise duration.
Conclusion
Regardless of the CR program type, a patient’s lifestyle can be modified. Therefore, patients should continue participating in any type of CR program.

Citations

• Actualización en rehabilitación cardiaca en el paciente crítico cardiovascular: una revisión de tema
  Juan Santiago Serna-Trejos, Carlos Andrés Castro-Galvis, Stefanya Geraldine Bermúdez-Moyano, Laura Catalina Rodríguez-Fonseca, Álvaro Andrés Montenegro-Apraez, Jorge Fernando Miño-Bernal, Lina María Salazar-Rodríguez, Valentina Bravo-Echeverry
  Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The cytoplasmic sensor, the AIM2 inflammasome: A precise therapeutic target in vascular and metabolic diseases
  Jiuguo Lin, Jiaojiao Wang, Jian Fang, Meihang Li, Suowen Xu, Peter J. Little, Dongmei Zhang, Zhiping Liu
  British Journal of Pharmacology.2024; 181(12): 1695.     CrossRef
• Cardiac rehabilitation centers in Romania: Where are we now?
  Mihaela Mandu, Gabriel Olteanu, Andreea Elena Lăcraru, Gelu Onose, Narcisa Lazăr, Liviu Șerbănoiu, Maria-Alexandra Ciucă-Pană, Ioana Andone, Aura Spinu, Andreea Ancuta Vataman, Gabriela Dogaru, Ștefan Busnatu
  Balneo and PRM Research Journal.2024; 15(Vol.15, no): 707.     CrossRef
• Optimizing Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure: Comprehensive Insights, Barriers, and Future Strategies
  Francisco Epelde
  Medicina.2024; 60(10): 1583.     CrossRef

Objective
To assess the accuracy of recently commercialized wearable devices in heart rate (HR) measurement during cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) under gradual increase in exercise intensity, while wearable devices with HR monitors are reported to be less accurate in different exercise intensities.
Methods
CPX was performed for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Twelve lead electrocardiograph (ECG) was the gold standard and Apple watch 7 (AW7), Galaxy watch 4 (GW4) and Bio Patch Mobicare 200 (MC200) were applied for comparison. Paired absolute difference (PAD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were evaluated for each device.
Results
Forty-four participants with CAD were included. All the devices showed MAPE under 2% and ICC above 0.9 in rest, exercise and recovery phases (MC200=0.999, GW4=0.997, AW7=0.998). When comparing exercise and recovery phase, PAD of MC200 and AW7 in recovery phase were significantly bigger than PAD of exercise phase (p<0.05). Although not significant, PAD of GW4 tended to be bigger in recovery phase, too. Also, when stratified by HR 20, ICC of all the devices were highest under HR of 100, and ICC decreased as HR increased. However, except for ICC of GW4 at HR above 160 (=0.867), all ICCs exceeded 0.9 indicating excellent accuracy.
Conclusion
The HR measurement of the devices validated in this study shows a high concordance with the ECG device, so CAD patients may benefit from the devices during high-intensity exercise under conditions where HR is measured reliably.

Citations

• Prognostic Factors for Responders of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation—Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
  Chul Kim, Hee-Eun Choi, Chin Kook Rhee, Jae Ha Lee, Ju Hyun Oh, Jun Hyeong Song
  Healthcare.2025; 13(3): 308.     CrossRef
• Wearable Devices for Exercise Prescription and Physical Activity Monitoring in Patients with Various Cardiovascular Conditions
  Tasuku Terada, Matheus Hausen, Kimberley L. Way, Carley D. O’Neill, Isabela Roque Marçal, Paul Dorian, Jennifer L. Reed
  CJC Open.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Apple watch accuracy in monitoring health metrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Ju-Pil Choe, Minsoo Kang
  Physiological Measurement.2025; 46(4): 04TR01.     CrossRef
• Assessment of Samsung Galaxy Watch4 PPG-Based Heart Rate During Light-to-Vigorous Physical Activities
  Caíque Santos Lima, Felipe Capiteli Bertocco, José Igor Vasconcelos de Oliveira, Thiago Mattos Frota de Souza, Emely Pujólli da Silva, Fernando J. Von Zuben
  IEEE Sensors Letters.2024; 8(7): 1.     CrossRef
• The Accessibility and Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation in COVID-19 Pandemic Era
  Chul Kim, Jun Hyeong Song, Seung Hyoun Kim
  Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 48(4): 249.     CrossRef
• The eTRIMP method for bodybuilding training load assessment: A review with a case study
  Fernandes Haniel
  Annals of Musculoskeletal Medicine.2023; 7(2): 016.     CrossRef
• Recommendations for Measurement of Bodybuilding Internal Training Load by eTRIMP Method
  Fernandes Haniel
  Journal of Sports Medicine and Therapy.2023; 8(4): 051.     CrossRef

With the increasing frequency of disasters and the significant upsurge of survivors with severe impairments and long-term disabling conditions, there is a greater focus on the importance of rehabilitation in disaster management. During disasters, rehabilitation services confront a greater load due to the influx of victims, management of persons with pre-existing disabilities and chronic conditions, and longer-term care continuum. Despite robust consensus amongst the international disaster response and management community for the rehabilitation-inclusive disaster management process, rehabilitation is still less prioritised. Evidence supports the early involvement of rehabilitation professionals in disaster response and management for minimising mortality and disability, and improving clinical outcomes and participation in disaster survivors. In the last two decades, there have been substantial developments in disaster response/management processes including the World Health Organization Emergency Medical Team (EMT) initiative, which provides a standardized structured plan to provide effective and coordinated care during disasters. However, rehabilitation-inclusive disaster management plans are yet to be developed and/or implemented in many disaster-prone countries. Strong leadership and effective action from national and international bodies are required to strengthen national rehabilitation capacity (services and skilled workforce) and empower international and local EMTs and health services for comprehensive disaster management in future calamities. This narrative review highlights the role of rehabilitation and current developments in disaster rehabilitation; challenges and key future perspectives in this area.

Citations

• Rehabilitation under fire: insights from SUMC
  Alan Friedman, Cheryl Benjamin, Iuly Treger
  The Lancet.2025; 405(10487): 1338.     CrossRef
• Interleaved Practice in Remediating Basic Arithmetic Proficiency in Grade One
  Junessa Bonite
  Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Afet Sonrası Tıbbi Rehabilitasyon Süreci ve Küresel Gelişmeler
  Cem Zafer Yıldır
  Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2024; 19(1): 134.     CrossRef
• Development and implementation of a rehabilitation triage algorithm for disasters in the subacute phase: an experience from the 2024 Noto peninsula earthquake
  Shigehito Shiota, Naoya Orita, Yuma Tsubakita, Masaya Ichimoto, Noboru Shimada, Naoya Goto, Tomohiro Hirota, Shunsuke Taito, Kazuhiko Hirata, Yukio Mikami
  Frontiers in Disaster and Emergency Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prosthesis applications and challenges in children with earthquake-related amputations
  Sibel Basaran, Aylin Sariyildiz, Sila Olmez, Bugra Kundakci, Omer Sunkar Bicer
  Injury.2024; 55(11): 111920.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of a Novel Recording Method in Facilitating Rapid Documentation of Disaster Rehabilitation Support Activities
  Akira Morikawa, Masao Tomioka, Ryuichi Saura
  The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.2024; 61(8): 757.     CrossRef
• Challenges in accessing health care services for women and girls with disabilities using a humanitarian physical rehabilitation program in Lebanon: a mixed method study
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Citations

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Objective
Dysphagia is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty in swallowing. It is sub-classified into oropharyngeal dysphagia, which refers to problems in the mouth and pharynx, and esophageal dysphagia, which refers to problems in the esophageal body and esophagogastric junction. Dysphagia can have a significant negative impact one’s physical health and quality of life as its severity increases. Therefore, proper assessment and management of dysphagia are critical for improving swallowing function and preventing complications. Thus a guideline was developed to provide evidence-based recommendations for assessment and management in patients with dysphagia.
Methods
Nineteen key questions on dysphagia were developed. These questions dealt with various aspects of problems related to dysphagia, including assessment, management, and complications. A literature search for relevant articles was conducted using Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and one domestic database of KoreaMed, until April 2021. The level of evidence and recommendation grade were established according to the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology.
Results
Early screening and assessment of videofluoroscopic swallowing were recommended for assessing the presence of dysphagia. Therapeutic methods, such as tongue and pharyngeal muscle strengthening exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation with swallowing therapy, were effective in improving swallowing function and quality of life in patients with dysphagia. Nutritional intervention and an oral care program were also recommended.
Conclusion
This guideline presents recommendations for the assessment and management of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia, including rehabilitative strategies.

Citations

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